Abstract：
CONTEXT:Eighty-two million surgical pathology and cytology reports were issued in the United States during 2007; a subset of these reports will be misunderstood by readers. Recent attention has focused on standardizing the content of pathology reports, particularly for common malignancies, to facilitate transmission of required information. Comparatively little attention has been focused on the format of reports--the arrangement of headlines, text blocks, and other report elements to optimize communication. OBJECTIVE:To provide guidance to report designers and authors about how to format reports to maximize the speed, fidelity, and ease of information transfer. DATA SOURCES:Review of relevant literature from commercial publishing and aviation and the fields of cognitive psychology and pathology, supplemented with an analysis of 10,000 pathology reports and the author's personal experience as a practicing pathologist. CONCLUSIONS:Four evidence-based and time-tested principles can help pathologists format information to communicate more effectively: (1) use of diagnostic headlines to emphasize key points, (2) maintenance of layout continuity with other reports and over time, (3) optimization of information density for readers, and (4) reduction of extraneous information or "clutter." Practical advice is also provided to help pathologists minimize corruption of formatting as reports are transmitted electronically between medical information systems.
journal_name
Arch Pathol Lab Medjournal_title
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicineauthors
Valenstein PNdoi
10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[84:FPRAFD]2.0.CO;2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
84-94issue
1eissn
0003-9985issn
1543-2165pii
2007-0347-RARjournal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Diffuse persistent glomerular immaturity and focal proximal tubular ectasia were seen in bilateral open renal biopsy specimens for an infant with fluid and salt depletion and slowly progressive renal failure. Subsequently, diffuse tubulopapillary renal adenoma subtotally replaced each kidney, thereby, necessitating re...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Cytologic features of low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma are well described in primary sites. There are fewer reports of the cytologic features specific to metastatic liver lesions or the frequency of misdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE:To identify discriminating cytologic features and characterize the rate of misdiagnosi...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/2009-0616-CP.1
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorescent dye thioflavin T stains intensely the deposits in dense deposit disease and can be used for identification purposes. Comparison of thioflavin T staining with electron microscopy was carried out in 25 patients and showed excellent congruity. Thioflavin T is much easier to use, but is less specific than ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT.—:Endometrial serous carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer with the highest rate of recurrence and mortality among all histotypes. A recent clinical trial showed prolonged progression-free survival in advanced-stage and recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive endome...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2020-0207-RA
更新日期：2020-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Until 1972, Kawasaki disease, or acute febrile infantile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS), was considered in Japan to be a nonfatal disease with a favorable prognosis. Based on the findings from two autopsy cases of MCLS, we believe that sudden and unexpected death during convalescence may be due to arterial l...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonneoplastic vascular lesions in lymph nodes have been infrequently reported. These lesions are believed to be rare and display histologic features ranging from minimal changes associated with vasodilation to vascular proliferative lesions resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. The spectrum of histologic features observed in t...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphologic and biochemical characterization of cytocontractile and cytoskeletal elements in a given cell or tissue appears more and more as a useful tool in the study of differentiation phenomena, the origin of various human tumors (including metastases), and the degree of cellular adaptation during physiologic a...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:- This review examines challenges and opportunities in preparing laboratories in a startup phase for accreditation by both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 in an international setting as it relates to our experience at Cleveland Clinic Abu...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2016-0567-RA
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common tumor of conjunctival epithelium associated with risk of permanent visual impairment. It includes conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Although American Joint Committee on Cancer-TNM (AJCC-TNM) staging is commonly used in...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2013-0353-OA
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-six carcinoid tumors of the appendix, diagnosed in surgically resected specimens during an 11-year period (1965 to 1975) were reviewed to determine the features of metastasizing tumors. Of the carcinoid tumors of the appendix, 8.8% were found to metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The most reliable criterion of...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Foreign material typically elicits reactions dominated by multinucleated giant cells. Pulse granulomas are peculiar reactions to particles of food that are characterized by clusters of small to medium-sized hyaline rings. Pulse granulomas are rare and have occupied only the lungs, in association with aspiration...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[1839:PGDIGF]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assays for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen are being increasingly used in lieu of traditional cell culture methods for detection of the organism in patient specimens. While results from these assays are available considerably earlier than are those from culture, the assays have been less sensitive and specific than cult...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The availability of effective antiviral therapy for hepatitis C has increased the need for molecular detection and quantification of circulating hepatitis C viral particles. The limits of detection differ for the quantitative and qualitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays; furth...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2002)126<0100:EMOHCM>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Second nonocular malignancies develop with increased incidence in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common type with an incidence of up to 50%, followed by soft tissue sarcomas. Visceral leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and only 2 cases have been reported in the past 2 decades, o...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2001)125<1231:AHGPLO>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the College of American Pathologists Microbiology Surveys subscriber laboratories to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing accurately has improved slightly since 1984. Currently (1989 surveys), the accuracies for disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration antimicrobial susceptibility tes...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A peroxidase--antiperoxidase technique for S100 protein has been applied to 122 breast lesions from 122 patients. These included 35 cases of fibrocystic disease, 16 cases of sclerosing adenosis, 24 cases of papilloma and papillomatosis, 43 intraduct carcinomas, and four intralobular carcinomas. In fibrocystic disease,...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case of endomyocardial fibrosis with intramyocardial calcification was characterized by symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy resembling constrictive pericarditis. Pathological findings were typical of those found in classical Davies' disease, originally encountered and described in Uganda. ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:In the 19th and early 20th centuries, cancer was defined by the demonstration of invasion and metastases, based upon gross findings at surgery or autopsy. Although histopathologic examination of tumors became possible with greater and greater resolution over time, the definition of cancer remained the same. Tum...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2011-0567-HP
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The usual gross appearance of a renal oncocytoma is that of a well-circumscribed homogeneous tan-brown tumor with no evidence of necrosis or hemorrhage, but with a central fibrous scar. We describe a case of renal oncocytoma with the unusual gross appearance of a cystic tumor. While cystic change has occasionally been...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:It is recommended that hemoglobin (Hb) A1c (Hb A1c) not be used to assess average glycemia in patients who have altered red blood cell life span. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the frequency of reporting an Hb A1c value for Hb variant samples that do not include Hb A. DESIGN:Hb A1c samples (n = 500) were procured a...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2012-0714-OA
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:- Pathologists routinely assess Ki67 immunohistochemistry to grade gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Unfortunately, manual counts of the Ki67 index are very time consuming and eyeball estimation has been criticized as unreliable. Manual Ki67 counts performed by cytotechnologists could poten...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2017-0203-OA
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty chordomas from 20 patients, including 17 nonchondroid and three chondroid types, were studied with a variety of antibodies directed against cytokeratin (AE-1/3), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, vimentin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme. All 17 nonchondroid chordomas s...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Assessment of accuracy and feasibility of whole slide imaging (WSI) for interinstitutional consultation in surgical pathology. OBJECTIVES:To train technical and pathologist staff in WSI technology, establish and evaluate a WSI workflow using training cases and second-opinion consultations, and assess diagnosti...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2014-0133-OA
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article we present a case of an ectopic gestation having morphologic features of a partial hydatidiform mole and demonstrating triploidy by flow cytometry in a patient presenting at 9 weeks' gestation. We include brief comments on partial hydatidiform mole. ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT.—:Urine drug testing is frequently ordered by health care providers. Immunoassays are widely used for drug testing, yet have potential limitations, including variable cross-reactivity. The last decade has seen worsening of a prescription drug abuse epidemic. OBJECTIVE.—:To use data from a College of American P...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2018-0562-CP
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using specific antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, we were able to demonstrate a variety of fungal organisms in smears and sections of formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The procedure is simple, fast, and accurate and may be used as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, cultural met...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 16 cases of bile duct adenomas, lesions that are distinct from Meyenburg complex. The former lesion is made up of small tubular structures with little or no lumen, is usually single and subcapsular, and is unrelated to cystic disease. It must be differentiated from early carcinoma. Of the six cases encounte...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A benign chondrolipomatous breast tumor occurred in a 66-year-old woman. The preoperative diagnosis, based on mammography and xeroradiography, was fibroadenoma. Grossly, the demarcated lesion resembled a fibroadenoma with islands of cartilage projecting from its cut surface. Histologically, it was composed of benign m...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive squamous metaplasia is described in a case of gynecomastia. Numerous ducts in all sections of breast tissue revealed multiple foci of squamous metaplasia, many of which included large, papillary excrescences of keratinizing squamous cells into duct lumens, with foci of dyskeratosis. Review of four years of g...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:In the era of targeted cancer therapy, there is growing interest in developing novel therapeutic strategies against endometrial carcinoma, especially its most biologically aggressive variant, serous adenocarcinoma. Several publications have demonstrated that a significant proportion of uterine serous carcinomas...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5858/arpa.2012-0416-RA
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
