Abstract:
:In Europe up to one in four couples experience difficulty conceiving and in half of these cases the problem has been attributed to sub or infertility in the male partner. The development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic spermatozoa injection has allowed some such couples to achieve a pregnancy. Concerns have been raised over the increasing use of ART not least because of the discovery of elevated levels of DNA damage in sperm from subfertile men. The impact of damaged DNA originating in the male germ line is poorly understood, but is thought to contribute to early pregnancy loss (recurrent miscarriage), placental problems and have a long-term impact on the health of the offspring. DNA repair is essential for meiotic recombination and correction of DNA damage in germ cells and proteins involved in all the major repair pathways are expressed in the testis. In this review, we will consider evidence that the production of sperm containing damaged DNA can be the result of suboptimal DNA repair and/or a mild environmental insult, such as heat stress, and how studies in mice may give us insight into the origins and consequences of DNA damage in human sperm.
journal_name
Mol Hum Reprodjournal_title
Molecular human reproductionauthors
Paul C,Melton DW,Saunders PTdoi
10.1093/molehr/gam089subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-8issue
1eissn
1360-9947issn
1460-2407pii
gam089journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha are produced by the human corpus luteum in significant amounts and they are known to exert local luteotrophic and luteolytic effects respectively. The present study determined how PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are involved in the regulation of inhibin A, a granulosa cell-derived glycoprotein ...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/2.11.815
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological assessments are the main way in which fertility clinics select in vitro generated embryo(s) for transfer to the uterus. However, it is widely acknowledged that the microscopic appearance of an embryo is only weakly correlated with its viability. Furthermore, the extent to which morphology is affected by ...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gat073
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human chromosome deletions in Yq11 seem to occur frequently as de novo mutation events in men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. However, the molecular extensions of these deletions are variable. They can be large and therefore visible under the microscope or small, not visible under the microscope...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/molehr/4.8.739
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY QUESTION:Does a heterozygous mutation in AMHR2, identified in whole-exome sequencings (WES) of patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), cause a defect in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling? SUMMARY ANSWER:The I209N mutation at the adenosine triphosphate binding domain of AMHR2 exerts dominant negat...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaw040
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with rare overgrowth disorders, such as Beck-Wiedemann syndrome and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, are predisposed to embryonal tumours, including Wilms' tumour of the kidney. Therefore, these disorders offer a link between hyperplastic growth and cancer. Genetic lesions at chromosome 11p15 have been associa...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/molehr/3.2.157
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy-induced disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria and a leading cause of perinatal maternal-fetal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Dysregulated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G was found in placentas as well as in maternal sera from PE patients; howev...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gav037
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycoforms of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) (Org 32489, Puregon) were characterized using concanavalin A lectin affinity chromatography to reveal information about the internal carbohydrate complexity (extent of carbohydrate side-chain branching) of the preparations. The rhFSH glycoforms were ...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/2.10.807
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In women with premature ovarian failure, fertility may be preserved by ovarian tissue culture in vitro. However, techniques for tissue culture and follicle maturation have remained suboptimal. Our aim was to characterize ovarian tissue degeneration in cultures and to establish a model for cell death research in cultur...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/8.3.228
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, the most common chromosomal abnormality is aneuploidy. Because the majority of aneuploid conceptuses die during the early stages of embryonic development, an accurate estimate of the frequency of aneuploidy at conception can only be assessed by directly studying the gametes. The vast majority of aneuploidie...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/molehr/gat039
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of adhesion molecules and matrix proteins by human spermatozoa as well as their binding to and penetration of zona-free hamster eggs were investigated in 17 patients by means of flow cytometry. Both binding and penetration of hamster oocytes and expression of alpha- and beta-chains of beta 1, beta 3 and...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/2.5.335
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), one member of the GST family, is responsible for metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in the oxidation and activation of carcinogens and nitric oxide. Allelic variants of GSTM1 and MPO gene polymorphisms might impair detoxificati...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gah095
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etoposide is widely used in the treatment of patients with testicular cancer. The mechanism underlying apoptosis induction in cancer cells has been studied in different cell types, but it is not known whether the same factors participate in viable germ cells undergoing programmed cell death. Since testicular cancer pr...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gap024
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several reports demonstrating the presence of messenger RNAs for sperm-specific nucleoproteins, the protamines PRM-1, PRM-2, and the transition protein TP-1 as well as beta-actin, c-MYC, HLA1, and beta 1 integrin have challenged the accepted view of the transcriptional dormance of terminally differentiated spermatozoa...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/molehr/3.8.669
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During pregnancy, a cervical connective tissue remodelling takes place, clinically recognized as softening, effacement and dilatation. The role of oestrogens and their receptors (ER) in this process is not clear. ERalpha is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in many physiological processes. The identific...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/7.3.293
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with endometriosis are characterized by the ability of the endometrium to implant and by the peritoneal response to the tissue; angiogenic factors may play a significant role in the aetiology of endometriosis supporting the implantation of ectopic endometrial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) i...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/6.1.50
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibin production has been demonstrated in malignant epithelial ovarian tumours, but secretion of inhibins by benign cystadenoma has not yet been reported. The present study evaluated the concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin B and the relationship with oestradiol and nitric oxide metabolites in fluid collected fro...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/6.12.1079
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::G12 monoclonal antibody (mAb), one of a library of constructed mAb directed against human sperm proteins, was found by immunoperoxidase staining to label the post-acrosomal and neck regions of fixed human cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Epithelium and fluid of caput epididymis were strongly labelled while...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/3.6.507
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oocyte quality is one of the most important aspects of in vitro embryo development. Extensive epigenetic programming must occur during oocyte growth and maturation. A specific DNA methylation pattern of the imprinted genes must be established on differentially methylated regions (DMR). The insulin-like growth factor 2...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaq075
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of placental cytokines participate in the feto-maternal defence mechanism. Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) is one of these chemokines. We investigated the pattern of placental MCAF production, the localization of MCAF-producing cells in the placenta, and alterations in its expression in chor...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/4.4.393
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the possible roles of oncostatin M (OSM), which is a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cell growth. Endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were collected from the uterus or ovarian chocolate cysts. We observed the expression of mRNA tran...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/7.7.665
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In early gestation, the human placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated and plays a role in placental development. Among other functions, signalling through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) initiates proliferation. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting placental RAS mRNAs are downregulated at this t...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaz010
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY QUESTION:Is oxidative stress associated with the A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17)/Notch signalling pathway and fibrosis in the development of endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER:Oxidative stress is correlated with hyperactivation of the ADAM17/Notch signalling pathway and a...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gax028
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular prostaglandin concentrations increase following the gonadotrophin surge in domestic animals and rodents approximately 10 h before follicle rupture, suggesting a unifying role for prostaglandins in the timing of ovulation. However, little is known about prostaglandin production by the primate ovulatory folli...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/7.8.731
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovaries surgically removed for fertility preservation from a total of 24 women served as a source of human small antral follicles, including the follicular fluid (FF) and the corresponding granulosa cells (GC). The FF was used to evaluate the intrafollicular concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin-B, e...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaq001
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of gene expression in placental samples from patients with preeclampsia (PE), persistent bilateral uterine artery notching (without PE), and normal controls. This study included placental tissue from nine women with PE, seven with uncomplicated pregnancies and five wit...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gal011
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) sensitive enough to detect and quantify as little as 2-fold differences in gene expression in individual oocytes and embryos throughout human preimplantation development. This RT-PCR assay can be tailored for the examination of an...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/7.2.147
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY HYPOTHESIS:It is possible to isolate pure populations of single potential human spermatogonial stem cells without somatic contamination for down-stream applications, for example cell culture and gene expression analysis. STUDY FINDING:We isolated pure populations of single potential human spermatogonial stem cel...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaw006
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of decidualization on superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in human endometrial stromal cells (ESC). To induce decidualization, isolated ESC were incubated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 10(-6) mol/l) and oestradiol (10(-8) mol/l) for 23 days. Insulin...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/6.2.178
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by a family of enzymes known as the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). We have recently shown a NOS similar to constitutive brain NOS (bNOS) and endothelial NOS (ecNOS) to be present in spermatozoa. The aim of this study is to investigate NO production by human spermatozoa a...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/3.9.755
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) is an ATP-dependent microtubule (MT) depolymerase regulated by Aurora kinase (AURK) phosphorylation and implicated in resolution of improper MT attachments in mitosis. Distribution of MCAK was studied in oocyte maturation by anti-MCAK antibody, anti-tubulin antibody, anti-A...
journal_title:Molecular human reproduction
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molehr/gaq025
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00