Abstract:
:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. More recently, PPARs and corresponding ligands have been shown in skin and other organs to regulate important cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. These new functions identify PPARs and corresponding ligands as potential targets for the treatment of various skin diseases and other disorders. It has been shown that in inflammatory skin disorders, including hyperproliferative psoriatic epidermis and the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, the expression of both PPARalpha and PPARgamma is decreased. This observation suggests the possibility that PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators, or compounds that positively regulate PPAR gene expression, may represent novel NSAIDs for the topical or systemic treatment of common inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Moreover, recent findings indicate that PPAR-signaling pathways may act as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases including skin malignancies. Studies in non-diabetic patients suggest that oral thiazolidinediones, which are synthetic ligands of PPARgamma, not only exert an antidiabetic effect but also may be beneficial for moderate chronic plaque psoriasis by suppressing proliferation and inducing differentiation of keratinocytes; furthermore, they may even induce cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation in various human malignant tumors. It has been reported that PPARalpha immunoreactivity is reduced in human keratinocytes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK), while PPARdelta appears to be upregulated. Additionally, the microvessel density is significantly higher in AK and SCC that express high levels of PPARdelta. PPARdelta has been demonstrated to have an anti-apoptotic role and to maintain survival and differentiation of epithelial cells, whereas PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation and regulate apoptosis. In melanoma, the growth inhibitory effect of PPARgamma activation is independent of apoptosis and seems to occur primarily through induction of cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle or induction of re-differentiation. PPARalpha activation causes inhibition of migration of melanoma cells and anchorage-independent growth, whereas primary tumor growth remains unaltered. In clinical trials of gemfibrozil, a PPARalpha ligand, significantly fewer patients treated with this lipid-lowering drug were diagnosed with melanoma as compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, an increasing body of evidence indicates that PPAR signaling pathways may represent interesting therapeutic targets for a broad variety of skin disorders, including inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and skin malignancies.
journal_name
Am J Clin Dermatoljournal_title
American journal of clinical dermatologyauthors
Sertznig P,Seifert M,Tilgen W,Reichrath Jdoi
10.2165/00128071-200809010-00002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
15-31issue
1eissn
1175-0561issn
1179-1888pii
912journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Halobetasol propionate (HP) 0.5% ointment and cream are class I topical corticosteroids. We review the efficacy and tolerability of HP for treatment of plaque psoriasis in the English language literature. The efficacy of HP ointment and cream is consistently superior to other super-potent topical corticosteroids. Loca...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200506050-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinosad 0.9% suspension is a topical treatment for head-lice infestation (pediculosis capitis) that has been approved in the US as a prescription medicine. Spinosad is a natural mixture of the pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides spinosyn A and spinosyn D. Spinosad 0.9% mainly interferes with nicotinic acetylcholine ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11208070-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral skin infections are common findings in organ transplant recipients. The most important etiological agents are the group of human herpesviruses (HHV), human papillomaviruses (HPV), and molluscum contagiosum virus. HHV that are important in this group of patients are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, varic...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200607010-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study demonstrated an association between psoriasis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) may be involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy and therefore, anti-TNFalpha agents may play a role in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. The case of a 51-year-old woman ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/1153425-S0-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic in nature, ideal treatment should have sustained efficacy, with minimal short- and long-term toxicities to allow lifelong treatment. Traditional therapies used for psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis, including phototherapies and systemic agents, do not satisfy these crite...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200506010-00006
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of basal cell carcinoma is rapidly increasing and a number of treatment modalities are available. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma includes both surgical and nonsurgical approaches, some of which are traditional, and others experimental. The treatment modality utilized is dependent on both the tumor typ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200203040-00003
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor therapy is not a common indication for the use of lasers, as it is in the treatment of benign vascular skin lesions, since many alternative treatment modalities exist. However, certain patients may benefit from laser therapy of premalignant and malignant skin tumors. Skin tumors can be treated by laser excision,...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200102040-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dermis normally directs all phases of skin wound healing following tissue trauma or disease. However, in chronic wounds, the dermal matrix is insufficient to stimulate healing and assistance by external factors is needed for wound closure. Although the concept of the extracellular matrix directing wound healing is...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200708020-00001
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superficial fungal infections are chronic and recurring conditions. Tinea capitis is a scalp infection, primarily affecting prepubescent children. Ringworm infections, such as tinea corporis and tinea cruris, involve the glabrous skin. Tinea nigra is a rare mycotic infection that may be related to travel abroad. Piedr...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200405040-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psoriasis has been associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, but its relationship with suicidality (including suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation) is unclear. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the risk of suicide, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and suicidalit...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0281-1
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo has not been previously confirmed, and we therefore aimed to investigate this association. METHODS:We conducted a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases on 22 January 2018 for case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies examining the assoc...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0394-1
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uncommon types of cutaneous cancers are mainly cited in the literature as case reports and their etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis have to be surmised because of their rarity. Within this group exist the rare and also the unusual, for instance a relatively common carcinoma arising in a strange circumstance. Initial...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200203020-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Topical coal tar is a well known and effective treatment for psoriasis, but the messiness, staining, odor, and inconvenience associated with its use make patient satisfaction and compliance a challenge. OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy, patient tolerability, and cosmetic acceptability of a new topical li...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/11530380-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging of the skin is associated with skin thinning, atrophy, dryness, wrinkling, and delayed wound healing. These undesirable aging effects are exacerbated by declining estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. With the rise in interest in long-term postmenopausal skin management, studies on the restorative benefits th...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11589180-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes results from major recent trials regarding novel therapeutic agents in melanoma. The topics discussed include targeted therapy with BRAF (V-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib), MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors (trametinib),...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-014-0083-7
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrapotent topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of psoriasis treatment, used either alone or in combination with a topical vitamin D analog. Traditionally used in an ointment vehicle for psoriasis, clobetasol propionate 0.05% is also available in spray, foam, lotion, and shampoo formulations, which may provide fo...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11311020-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Darier's disease is a rare cutaneous disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Greasy papules and plaques arise on the seborrheic areas and in the flexures and almost all patients have nail abnormalities. Acantholysis and dyskeratosis are the typical histological findings. The underlying defect is a resu...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304020-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airbags are restraining safety devices, but their activation may sometimes induce injuries during road accidents. Rapid deceleration due to an impact causes the ignition of a sodium azide cartridge, which releases nitrogen gas to inflate the nylon rubber bag. Numerous high-temperature gases, sodium hydroxide, carbon d...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200405050-00002
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors are an alternative to oral systemic therapies for psoriasis. Data regarding the safety of TNF-α inhibitors from randomized clinical trials may not fully reflect the effects on the clinic patient population receiving the therapy, but other sources of information are available. W...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0053-5
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the psychotropic medications currently available, the mood-stabilizing agents have the highest incidence of severe and life-threatening adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs). An exanthematous eruption in a patient treated with a mood-stabilizing agent should be viewed as possibly being the initial symptom of...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304010-00003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The management of acne in adult females is problematic, with many having a history of treatment failure and some having a predisposition to androgen excess. Alternatives to oral antibiotics and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are required. OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to conduct a hybrid systematic review of t...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0245-x
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:SIGNIFICANCE:Psoriasis, a common immune-mediated disease, affects approximately 2% of the population worldwide. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) might be a manifestation of systemic vascular involvement in autoimmune disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic English-language examin...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0117-9
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) represents 90 to 95% of all occupational dermatoses. The incidence rate of OCD is estimated to be around 0.5 to 1.9 cases per full-time worker per year. However, epidemiologic data are lacking and incidence is probably underestimated, especially in the US. Over the past 20 years, ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200102060-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lichen planus is a relatively common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelia. Most dental and medical practitioners see patients with lichen planus, but not all are recognized as having the disease. Patients with lichen planus may have concomitant involvement of the disease in multiple sites. Oral lichen planus ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200001050-00004
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnosing acne is easy. However, treatment must be adapted to the type and severity of acne, and must also take into account the impact of acne on patients' quality of life. As there is not always a correlation between the severity of acne and its impact on quality of life, it can be helpful for the dermatologist to ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200607020-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For nearly 50 years, thalidomide has struggled between success and controversy. After causing an epidemic of phocomelia and other birth defects during the 1960s, affecting thousands of neonates, thalidomide was used as a sedative in selective disorders including leprosy. The potent anti-inflammatory properties of thal...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304060-00002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin with a long history of therapeutic application in neurological and dermatological conditions, with a strong efficacy and safety profile. OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to assess whether intradermal injection with BTX-B is an effective treatment for hidradenitis suppurativ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40257-020-00537-9
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on the results of numerous preclinical and clinical studies, sertaconazole can be considered a safe and effective drug for the treatment of fungal skin infections. OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of a solution containing 2% sertaconazole with the well established 2% se...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00128071-200708060-00007
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:5% topical minoxidil solution has been widely used to stimulate new hair growth and help stop hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, it is not convenient for patients to continue applying the solution twice daily on a regular basis. Tretinoin is known to increase the percutaneous absorpt...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00128071-200708050-00003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive cutaneous tumor with a predilection for the head and neck of elderly Caucasian patients. Although much less common than melanoma, MCC has higher rates of sentinel lymph node involvement, local and regional recurrences, and mortality. The majority of MCC cases have b...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0163-3
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00