Abstract：
:Bacteria attach to their appropriate environmental niche by using adhesins. To maximize their contact with the environment, adhesins are often present on the ends of long hairlike structures called pili. Recently, attention has focused on pili of Gram-positive bacteria because they may be vaccine candidates in important human pathogens. These pili differ from the well-studied pili of Gram-negative bacteria because their subunits are covalently linked, they do not require specific chaperones for assembly, and the tip protein (likely to be the adhesin) is not required to initiate formation of the pilus structure. In Gram-positive bacteria, the genes for pili occur in clusters, which may constitute mobile genetic elements. These clusters include the transpeptidase(s) of the sortase family that is/are required for polymerization of the subunit proteins. However, efficient covalent attachment of the completed pilus structure to the cell wall is accomplished, in cases where this has been studied, by the 'housekeeping' sortase, which is responsible for attachment to the peptidoglycan of most surface proteins containing cell wall sorting signals. This enzyme is encoded elsewhere on the genome. Because pili of Gram-positive bacteria have not been extensively investigated yet, we hope that this MicroReview will help to pinpoint the areas most in need of further study.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Scott JR,Zähner Ddoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05279.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-10-01 00:00:00pages
320-30issue
2eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958pii
MMI5279journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Disulfide bonds are found in many proteins associated with the cell wall of Escherichia coli, and for some of these proteins the disulfide bond is critical to their stability and function. One protein found to contain a disulfide bond is the essential cell division protein FtsN, but the importance of this bond to the ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13565
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to many antimicrobial peptides, members of the proline-rich group of antimicrobial peptides inactivate Gram-negative bacteria by a non-lytic mechanism. Several lines of evidence indicate that they are internalized into bacteria and their activity mediated by interaction with unknown cellular components. Wi...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00582.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) induces degenerative vacuolation of sensitive mammalian cell lines. Although evidence is accumulating that VacA enters cells and functions from an intracellular site of action, the biochemical mechanism by which VacA mediates cellular vacuolation has not been establ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020313.x
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02224.x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression in lambdoid phages in part is controlled by transcription antitermination. For most lambdoid phages, maximal expression of delayed early genes requires an RNA polymerase modified by the phage N and host Nus proteins at RNA NUT sites. The NUT sites (NUTL and NUTR) are made up of three elements: BOXA, BO...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02217.x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/mmi.12653
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13172
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02043.x
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02647.x
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01119.x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08142.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02493.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03183.x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01561.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03133.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12454
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04803.x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13429
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the function and transcriptional regulation of ywcG. The protein is essential for Bacillus subtilis. Biochemical characterization of the protein revealed that it is an FMN-containing NADPH oxidase. ywcG is transcribed throughout the whole life cycle of B. subtilis. The start point of transcription is p...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00734.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
