Abstract：
:In the present study second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were analyzed from 146 pregnancies associated with fetal open spina bifida to identify whether affected pregnancies from the black population were associated with higher maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels than their white counterparts. Pregnancies in black women not affected by open spina bifida are already known to have higher maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. All of the cases were analyzed with gestational ages assigned by last menstrual period, and all maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values were expressed as multiples of the median, to correct for differences in gestational age and assay among the 15 centers reporting data. The levels from affected pregnancies in white and black women fit log Gaussian distributions, with medians of 3.10 and 4.37 multiples of the median, respectively, on the basis of singleton, unaffected, white pregnancy medians. These results support adjustment of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values for race in black women; in addition, if a screening program's policy is to screen at a comparable risk in the two races, a higher maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein multiple of the median cutoff would be justified for black women.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Johnson AM,Palomaki GE,Haddow JEdoi
10.1016/0002-9378(90)90379-lsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-01 00:00:00pages
328-31issue
2eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
0002-9378(90)90379-Ljournal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This article is from the "To The Point" series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the importance of well-being in medical education. A literature search was performed by a Reference L...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.012
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to define the prevalence, trends, and outcomes of primary and secondary chronic hypertension in a population-based sample of deliveries. STUDY DESIGN:An estimated 56,494,634 deliveries were identified from the 1995 through 2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The association of primary and secondary c...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.878
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amide-linked local anesthetic agents, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, can become "trapped" in their ionized forms on the fetal side of the placenta, and therefore their net transfer across the placenta is increased. An ester-linked local anesthetic agent, 2-chloroprocaine, is rapidly metabolized, and placental tran...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(85)90295-9
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pelvic inflammatory disease is a major medical problem that causes serious complications in a large number of the female population in many developing countries. It is estimated that between 20% and 30% of gynecologic admissions in these countries are due to PID. The alarmingly high prevalence of gonorrhea is probably...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(80)91114-x
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing evidence that the high prevalence of low-birth-weight (LBW) babies, a characteristic of many poor societies, can be significantly reduced through nutritional intervention programs. In order to increase the efficiency of these programs, pregnant women at risk of delivering LBW babies must be identified...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(76)90886-3
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Readmission rates are used as a quality metric in medical and surgical specialties; however, little is known about obstetrics readmissions. OBJECTIVE:Our goals for this study were to describe the trends in postpartum readmissions over time; to characterize the common indications and associated diagnoses for...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.174
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following infusion of parathyroid extract (PTE), parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not cross the placenta from the monkey mother to her fetus. Although maternal PTH levels increased four- to 12-fold, fetal PTH levels remained at the base line at all times tested. To determine if PTH crossed the placenta from fetus to moth...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(77)90593-2
更新日期：1977-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to evaluate whether the rate of neonatal group B streptococcal infection could be reduced by screening for group B streptococci during the third trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:Two periods in which different screening and treatment protocols were applied were compared. In period A all ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70063-8
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a policy of elective cesarean delivery for suspected fetal macrosomia on the incidence of brachial palsy and on the cesarean delivery rate. STUDY DESIGN:We performed a retrospective assessment of a policy that recommends cesarean delivery for macrosomia (fe...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2000.107382
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to estimate the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) across categories of glucose tolerance. STUDY DESIGN:In a cohort of 89,141 participants, women without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were categorized by their screening and diagnostic test results; those with GDM were categorized as meet...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.907
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We examined the effect of administering a long-acting adenosine analog, L-2-N6-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine, into the cerebrospinal fluid of the fourth ventricle on fetal sheep heart rate accelerations. STUDY DESIGN:Pregnant ewes between 123 and 130 days' gestation were anesthetized, and the fetal head was ex...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(93)90017-d
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine how closely the surgically induced sheep myelomeningocele (MMC) model resembles the central nervous system derangements seen in human disease, and identify which aspects of MMC are the result of the early neuronal developmental defect, and which are secondary to the ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.110
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A randomized prospective trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of ritodrine and indomethacin in the long-term treatment of preterm labor. Forty patients with intact membranes in preterm labor at 23 to 34 weeks' gestation were randomized to receive either intravenous ritodrine or oral indomethacin as t...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(91)90569-d
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship of maternal amino acids, proteins, and certain other factors to fetal development (weight and cranial volume at birth and mental and motor scores at 8 months of age) was investigated in 129 gravidas. Maternal prepregnancy weight was significantly related to birth weight and cranial volume in the newbo...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33441-x
更新日期：1975-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to test whether ultrasound-measured fetal adrenal gland volume (AGV) and fetal zone enlargement (FZE) predicts preterm birth (PTB) better than cervical length (CL). STUDY DESIGN:Three-dimensional and 2-dimensional ultrasound were used prospectively to measure fetal AGV, FZE, an...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2010.11.034
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery in infants born at a perinatal center is described. Between 20% and 30% of infants born weighing 500 to 2000 gm and nearly 50% of infants born weighing 2001 to 2750 gm had intrauterine growth retardation. For infants withi...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(85)90543-5
更新日期：1985-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Two types of fibrous structures can be demonstrated in midcycle cervical mucus: (1) long, thick fibers that vary in diameter from 0.5 to 5 mum and run parallel to each other, and (2) microfibrils that vary in diameter from 500 to 1,500 A and form bundles or networks. The spaces in such networks usually measure from 8...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(75)90065-4
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the levator plate is (1) horizontal in women with normal support, (2) different between women with and without prolapse, (3) related to levator hiatus and perineal body descent. STUDY DESIGN:Cohorts of cases with prolapse at least 1 cm below the hymen and no...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.055
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case is described in which a leiomyoma of the ovary was accompanied by hydrothorax. There was no reaccumulation of fluid after oophorectomy. ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(89)90260-3
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ritodrine hydrochloride was administered parenterally to pregnant ewes during spontaneous or oxytocin-induced uterine activity. The effects of ritodrine on the uterus and cardiovasculature were assessed both with and without simultaneous administration of either alpha or beta blockade. Ritodrine was found to be an eff...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(76)90692-x
更新日期：1976-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest a strong association between premenstrual syndrome and affective disorder. Similar psychological symptoms, behavioral manifestations, and biochemical etiologies have been reported. We attempted to evaluate the biologic interconnection between premenstrual syndrome and psychiatric diso...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(88)90590-x
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We tested the hypothesis that the proliferative estrogen effect on the endometrium is enhanced in obese vs lean animals. STUDY DESIGN:Using Zucker fa/fa obese rats and lean control, we examined endometrial cell proliferation and the expression patterns of certain estrogen-regulated proproliferative and antip...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.064
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to calculate the prospective risk of fetal death in monochorionic-diamniotic twins. STUDY DESIGN:We evaluated 193 monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies that were followed and delivered after 24 weeks. Surveillance included cardiotocography and sonography performed at least o...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.099
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recommendations on preventing primary cesarean delivery removed the previously defined time limits for latent labor (defined as ending at 6 cm) and urged clinicians to avoid cesarean delivery for labor abnormalities in the latent phase. However, relatively little is known about the implications of labor curv...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.041
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Postpartum infections are polymicrobial and typically include Ureaplasma, an intracellular microbe that is treated by macrolides such as azithromycin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perinatal pharmacokinetics of azithromycin after a single preincision dose before cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN:Th...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.015
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to determine the degree of shunting through the ductus venosus in the human fetus and its possible association with fetal growth. STUDY DESIGN:Blood flow in the umbilical vein and the fetal ductus venosus was measured in 197 low-risk pregnancies in a cross-sectional ultrasonographic study at a ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70504-7
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to report our experience with placental bed biopsy with the use of forceps. STUDY DESIGN:Placental bed biopsies were undertaken transcervically under ultrasound guidance in 313 women who underwent termination of pregnancy between 7 and 20 weeks of gestation, in 104 women with a ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2002.126866
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the usefulness of the assays of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in prenatal diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, these proteins were followed in 35 problem drinkers (greater than 100 gm of ethanol weekly) and in 14 abstinent women thro...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(86)90286-3
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether thickness, fiber count, and density of urethral circular smooth muscle (CSM) differ in young and old women. STUDY DESIGN:Mid urethral hemiaxial sections from female cadavers aged 20-39 years (n = 12) and 70-89 years (n = 16) were stained for smooth muscle al...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.009
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:There has been a gradual shift of the focus of prenatal diagnosis from genetics to ultrasonography. We assessed our primary genetics approach to determine what would be missed without the genetics component. STUDY DESIGN:We evaluated referral indications for patients with normal and abnormal prenatal finding...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70230-2
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
