Abstract：
:Glyceraldehyde (GA) has been used to study insulin secretion for decades and it is widely assumed that beta-cell metabolism of GA after its phosphorylation by triokinase is similar to metabolism of glucose; that is metabolism through distal glycolysis and oxidation in mitochondria. New data supported by existing information indicate that this is true for only a small amount of GA's metabolism and also suggest why GA is toxic. GA is metabolized at 10-20% the rate of glucose in pancreatic islets, even though GA is a more potent insulin secretagogue. GA also inhibits glucose metabolism to CO2 out of proportion to its ability to replace glucose as a fuel. This study is the first to measure methylglyoxal (MG) in beta-cells and shows that GA causes large increases in MG in INS-1 cells and d-lactate in islets but MG does not mediate GA-induced insulin release. GA severely lowers NAD(P) and increases NAD(P)H in islets. High NADH combined with GA's metabolism to CO2 may initially hyperstimulate insulin release, but a low cytosolic NAD/NADH ratio will block glycolysis at glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP) dehydrogenase and divert GAP toward MG and D-lactate formation. Accumulation of D-lactate and 1-phosphoglycerate may explain why GA makes the beta-cell acidic. Reduction of both GA and MG by abundant beta-cell aldehyde reductases will lower the cytosolic NADPH/NADP ratio, which is normally high.
journal_name
Arch Biochem Biophysjournal_title
Archives of biochemistry and biophysicsauthors
MacDonald MJ,Chaplen FW,Triplett CK,Gong Q,Drought Hdoi
10.1016/j.abb.2006.01.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-15 00:00:00pages
118-26issue
2eissn
0003-9861issn
1096-0384pii
S0003-9861(06)00039-7journal_volume
447pub_type
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-10-20 00:00:00
