Abstract：
:Prenatal maternal stress has been found to have long-lasting effects on the behavioral and physiological development of the offspring. These programming effects on the fetus would be physiologically mediated through heightened and/or abnormal activity of the maternal sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system (SAM) and especially of her hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA-axis). The abnormalities in maternal physiology could be present in her basal functioning, but also in her physiological reactivity to stressors, which constitutes the topic of this paper. This article reviews studies that have used laboratory challenges to study physiological stress reactivity in pregnant women. It concentrates on stress tests designed to produce pain or discomfort, or cognitive and psychological stress, and that assess changes in blood pressure, heart rate and/or cortisol as reactivity measures. The general conclusion is that physiological stress reactivity appears to be dampened during pregnancy. Nonetheless, the physiological responses to laboratory challenges are clearly present and display enough inter-individual variability to enable the study of links between responsivity patterns, psychosocial variables, fetal behavior, pregnancy outcome and offspring development. This paper also looks into the methodological limitations present in the reviewed studies. Options for sound design of stress test protocols are discussed and recommendations for future studies are presented. These methodological points are general and can therefore also be of use for researchers studying human stress reactivity in other populations and ages.
journal_name
Neurosci Biobehav Revjournal_title
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviewsauthors
de Weerth C,Buitelaar JKdoi
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
295-312issue
2eissn
0149-7634issn
1873-7528pii
S0149-7634(04)00127-7journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is remarkably effective for a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders that have failed pharmacological and cell transplant therapies. Clinical investigations are underway for a variety of other conditions. Yet, the therapeutic mechanisms of action are unknown. In addition, DBS rese...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:A theory of reinforcement is presented which accounts for the backward action of a reinforcer on operant behavior in terms of its effect on memory traces left by the operant. Several possible ways in which a reinforcer could strengthen the probability of recurrence of an operant are discussed. Predictions from the mod...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(89)80027-2
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.004
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80042-9
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abstract：:The question of how representational capacities develop in humans has been engaging cognitive psychologists for decades. Looking time studies have explored when infants start to show signs of perceiving and remembering the properties of specific objects at specific locations. Here we integrate these findings into the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.07.003
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.021
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:The consumption of alcohol during gestation is detrimental to the developing central nervous system (CNS). The severity of structural and functional brain alterations associated with alcohol intake depends on many factors including the timing and duration of alcohol consumption. The hippocampal formation, a brain regi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.014
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80093-4
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress encompasses profound psychological and physiological changes that are observable on all levels, from cellular mechanisms, humoral changes, and brain activation to subjective experience and behavior. While the impact of stress on health has already been studied for decades, a more recent field of research has re...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.026
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.019
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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abstract：:The present review discusses the history and paradigm of the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats for the detection of potential antipsychotic activity of drugs. In addition, the role of dopamine (DA) D2, serotonin (5-HT)2A/2C, alpha1, 5-HT1A, DA D4, muscarinic and glutamate receptors in the suppression of CAR...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00029-9
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.007
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incentive sensitization theory is a promising model for understanding the mechanisms underlying drug addiction, and has received support in animal and human studies. So far the theory has not been applied to the case of behavioral addictions like Gambling Disorder, despite sharing clinical symptoms and underlying ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.009
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(89)80047-8
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zebrafish is becoming increasingly well utilized in several fields of biology, including behavioral neuroscience. This review, based upon an Outstanding Achievement Award lecture presented by the author at an IBNS conference, explores the potential reasons for the popularity of this species. First, some theoretica...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.009
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
