Abstract：
:A theory of reinforcement is presented which accounts for the backward action of a reinforcer on operant behavior in terms of its effect on memory traces left by the operant. Several possible ways in which a reinforcer could strengthen the probability of recurrence of an operant are discussed. Predictions from the model regarding general memory-promoting effects of reinforcers presented posttrial in various learning paradigms are outlined. The theory also predicts a parallelism in reinforcing and memory-promoting effects of stimuli, including drugs. The second part of the chapter outlines experiments investigating memory modulating and reinforcing effects of the neuropeptide substance P. In general, injection of SP is positively reinforcing when injected into parts of the brain where it has been shown to facilitate learning. Peripheral injection of SP is also reinforcing at the dose known to promote passive avoidance learning when presented posttrial.
journal_name
Neurosci Biobehav Revjournal_title
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviewsauthors
Huston JP,Oitzl MSdoi
10.1016/s0149-7634(89)80027-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-07-01 00:00:00pages
171-80issue
2-3eissn
0149-7634issn
1873-7528pii
S0149-7634(89)80027-2journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although antidepressants are effective, around 50% of depressed patients are non-responsive. At the same time, some patients show alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Due to interactions with central monoaminergic systems, these may profit less from antidepressants. METHOD:To determi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural models of anatomical and functional alterations have been proposed for bipolar disorders (BD). However, studies in affected patients do not allow disentangling alterations linked to the liability to BD from those associated with the evolution, medication and comorbidities of BD. Explorations in high risk subjec...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.015
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tubulin-associated unit (Tau) protein is an intrinsically disordered protein that plays a well-established role in promoting microtubule assembly and regulation of microtubule dynamics in neuronal axons at all stages of development. Identification of new interacting partners and different sub-cellular localization...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present review is concerned with the role of different physiological systems (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, electromyography, and the eye-bling startle reflex) in understanding heterogeneity in conduct disorder (CD). Four subtyping approaches are considered: age of onset, comorbid psychopathology, callous-un...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.022
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intranasal (IN-) administration of substances is attracting attention from scientists as well as pharmaceutical companies. The effects are surprisingly fast and specific. The present review explores our current knowledge about the routes of access to the cranial cavity. 'Direct-access-pathways' from the nasal cavi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper reviews a series of experiments aimed at elucidating the interaction between specific dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the mediation of extrapyramidal motor functions in the rat. There is strong evidence to suggest that (1) the catalepsy produced by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(95)00057-7
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review aims to give a brief overview of NPY receptor distribution and physiology in the brain and summarizes series of studies, test by test and region by region, aimed at identification receptor subtypes and neuronal circuitry mediating anxiolytic-like effects of NPY. We conclude that from four known NPY recepto...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00066-5
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present review/perspectives article provides a short overview of our current understanding of the molecular genetics of personality. In the first part, the most important gene candidates such as COMT or SLC6A4 gene are presented. Since several seminal review studies have recently been published on different facets...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.006
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the current review is to integrate information from a series of studies, employing a paradigm that evaluates local contextual processing using electrophysiological measures. Collectively these studies provide an overview of how utilization of predictive context changes as a function of stimulus modali...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.016
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predicting and anticipating disturbances in higher level gait is particularly relevant for patients with dementia as higher level gait appears to be closely related to higher level cognitive functioning. A phenomenon that could contribute to the understanding and prediction of disturbances in higher level gait and gai...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.009
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have used a loud (> 120 dB) startle-eliciting acoustic stimulus as a probe to investigate early motor response preparation in humans. The use of a startle in these studies has provided insight into not only the neurophysiological substrates underlying motor preparation, but also into the behavioural res...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.009
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to well-documented deficits in the core social cognitive domains of social perception and theory of mind (ToM), how Parkinson's disease (PD) affects one's empathic capacity remains poorly understood. The current study provides the first meta-analytic review of both ToM and empathy as broad constructs, and ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.030
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are roughly 30-40 million HIV-infected individuals in the world as of December 2007, and drug abuse directly contributes to one-third of all HIV infections in the United States. Antiretroviral therapy has increased the lifespan of HIV-seropositives, but CNS function often remains diminished, effectively decreasi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.004
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a number of 5-HT receptor ligands were examined on nonopioid defensive analgesia in male DBA/2 mice. MDL 73005EF (0.05-1.0 mg/kg), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, potently and dose-dependently inhibited the analgesic consequences of social defeat. CGS 12066B (0.5-10.0 mg/kg) and MK-212 (0.3-10.0 mg...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80137-x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An extensive body of research suggests the spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is a non-invasive indirect marker of central dopamine (DA) function, with higher EBR predicting higher DA function. In the present review we provide a comprehensive overview of this literature. We broadly divide the available research in studi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Empathy is considered a cornerstone of human social experience, and as such has been widely investigated from psychological and neuroscientific approaches. To better understand the factors influencing individual differences in empathy, we reviewed and meta-analyzed the behavioral genetic literature of emotional empath...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.023
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural representation of somatosensory events undergoes major transformation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) from its original, more or less isomorphic, form found at the level of peripheral receptors. A large body of SI optical imaging, neural recording and psychophysical studies suggests that SI representat...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.009
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18kDa translocator membrane protein expressed in the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroid-synthesizing cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. TSPO is involved in cellular functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation, transport of cholesterol to the inner ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.010
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most models of conduct disorders are based on a biopsychosocial perspective. In such models, genetic and/or neuropsychological determinants are assumed to have a core hierarchical role by conferring vulnerabilities during a child's development. Based on a review of recent literature, I will show that other views are a...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.011
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental psychologists are increasingly interested in young children's evaluations of individuals based on third-party interactions. Studies have shown that infants react negatively to agents who display harmful intentions toward others, and to those who behave unfairly. We describe experimental studies of capuch...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.003
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vulnerability to the development of drug-intake has been studied by using the acquisition of intravenous amphetamine self-administration in the rat. In a series of neurobiological experiments we provoked imbalances in the functioning of the dopaminergic (DA) network by performing lesions of the DA cell bodies in the v...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(89)80023-5
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Literature has suggested that attachment insecurity has been previously associated with subsequent onset of several psychiatric conditions characterized by emotion dysregulation. Nevertheless, only few studies have investigated the neurobiological basis of attachment style and whether attachment insecurity may share a...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.002
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The benchmark discovery of the cingulate gyrus as a brain structure receiving stimuli from muscles and viscera (proprioception and interoception) is traced to a 1907/1908 article by neuropathologist Christfried Jakob. Further, the involvement of the mamillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, cingulate cortex and hip...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.013
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a three times higher chance to develop depression. Vice versa, depressive symptoms increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The co-existence of both conditions is associated with substantially worse prognosis. Although the underlying mechanism of the i...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.004
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Everyday complex and stressful real-life situations can overwhelm the human brain to an extent that the person is no longer able to accurately evaluate the situation and persists in irrational actions or strategies. Safety analyses reveal that such perseverative behavior is exhibited by operators in many critical doma...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.006
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) show repetitive and persistent patterns of aggressive behaviour and the more severe forms are often associated with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. OBJECTIVES:To systematically review and, where data are adequate, conduct meta-analyses on the efficacy of ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.024
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we review the principles based on which aggression is rendered abnormal in humans and laboratory rodents, and comparatively overview the main methodological approaches based on which this behavior is studied in the two categories of subjects. It appears that the discriminating property of abnormal aggression is r...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.022
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pupillometry, measuring pupil size and reactivity, has been proposed as a measure of autonomic nervous system functioning, the latter which might be altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to evaluate if pupillary responses differ in individuals with and without ASD. After performin...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.032
更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:For decades, the nosology of mental illness has been based largely upon the descriptions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM). A recent challenge to the DSM approach to psychiatric nosology from the National Institute on Mental Health (USA) defines Research Domain Crit...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.029
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are assumed to be maladaptive responses to stress and antidepressants are thought to counteract such responses by increasing BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. BDNF acts through TrkB (tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B) and plays a central role in neuroplas...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
