Abstract：
:Alcohol-based products for skin antisepsis have a long history of safety and efficacy in the United States and abroad. However, alcohol alone lacks the required antimicrobial persistence to provide for the sustained periods of skin antisepsis desired in the clinical environment. Therefore, alcohol-based products must have a preservative agent such as iodine/iodophor compounds, chlorhexidine gluconate, or zinc pyrithione, to extend its antimicrobial effects. Iodine, iodophors, and chlorhexidine gluconate are well-characterized antimicrobials and preservatives. The thrust of our effort was to examine the characteristics of the lesser-known zinc pyrithione and to evaluate its utility as a preservative in the formulation of alcohol-based products for skin antisepsis. This work includes a literature review of current zinc pyrithione applications in drugs and cosmetics, a safety and toxicity evaluation, consideration of the proposed mechanisms of antimicrobial action, in vitro and in vivo efficacy data, and a discussion of the mechanisms that confer the desired antimicrobial persistence. In addition, alcohol-based, zinc pyrithione-preserved, commercially available products of skin antisepsis are compared with other commercially available antimicrobials used for skin antisepsis and with additional alcohol-based products with different preservatives. The authors' conclusion is that zinc pyrithione is not only a safe and effective antimicrobial but that its use in certain alcohol-based formulations results in antimicrobial efficacy exceeding that of iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate.
journal_name
Am J Infect Controljournal_title
American journal of infection controlauthors
Guthery E,Seal LA,Anderson ELdoi
10.1016/j.ajic.2004.07.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
15-22issue
1eissn
0196-6553issn
1527-3296pii
S019665530400570Xjournal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:In the industrial setting, employee perceptions regarding their organization's commitment to safety (i.e., safety climate) have been shown to be important correlates to both the adoption and maintenance of safe work practices and to workplace injury rates. However, safety climate measures specific to the hos...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2000.105288
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From 1988 through 1992, we conducted a prospective study of postdischarge surgical wound infection surveillance in our institution. A total of 6604 patients were seen after discharge in a centralized outpatient clinic, supervised by the infection control commission. Wounds were inspected, stitches were removed, and dr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(95)90059-4
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were isolated and characterized from environmental surfaces of two fire stations from two independent districts in the northwestern United States. After the first sampling and before the second sampling, education was provided, additional signage was...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2010.09.008
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a concern across the worldwide. METHODS:Antibiotic stewardship and hand hygiene programs were reinforced in a 2,000-bed tertiary hospital in South Korea where the methicillin resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus is about 65%. The computer...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.018
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Catheter-related bloodstream infections are costly and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Trials suggest that central venous catheters impregnated with minocycline/rifampin, although more expensive, are clinically superior to chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine impregnated catheters. It remai...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mic.2003.35
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first in a series of case studies that will be published in American Journal of Infection Control following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance definition update of 2013. These cases reflect some of the complex patient scenarios infection pr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2013.05.009
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A high prevalence of working while ill (presenteeism) has been documented among health care workers (HCWs). However, previous evidence is primarily based on nonspecific causes of sickness and self-reported data. Our study examined presenteeism among HCWs with laboratory-confirmed influenza. METHODS:The data...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.024
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six hundred twenty-two isolates from 554 samples taken from hands of 103 hospital personnel and 50 controls were obtained over a mean period of 35 days. Eighty-five were obtained immediately before and after handwashing (HW), the remainder after HW only. The relationship of HW agent used, clinical area and job, and fr...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(84)90020-8
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common nosocomial infection experienced by patients in United States hospitals and are responsible for significant morbidity and excess hospital costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a silver alloy, hydrogel-coated, urinary catheter in ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2004.05.002
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization recommends empowering patients/families to remind healthcare workers (HCWs) to perform hand hygiene (HH). We sought to understand acceptability of a family empowerment strategy in a Vietnamese pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS:With end-user input, we designed a tool...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.030
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The screening of critically ill patients at high risk of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization, to detect and isolate colonized patients, is recommended to prevent and control the transmission of VRE. Screening asymptomatic carriers brings financial burden for institutions. In this study, we pe...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.008
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews 2 models of skill acquisition, 1 from nursing and the other from aviation, and compares them to the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology Competency Model for the Infection Preventionist (IP). The authors explore the mental activity associated with competence and prov...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2018.04.210
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Virucidal compounds are essential in preventing the transmission of viral infection in the health care environment. Understanding their mechanisms of action is necessary to improve their efficacy. Inactivation of viruses is less documented than that of bacteria notably because different types of virus have d...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2009.08.012
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In-hospital surveillance of surgical site infections (SSI) was conducted on 599 patients in a German university hospital. On a subgroup of 342 patients, SSI was assessed after discharge from hospital based on data of a questionnaire and telephone interviews. Postdischarge surveillance revealed substantially higher inf...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2008.10.025
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The hand hygiene technique that the World Health Organization recommends for cleansing hands with soap and water or alcohol-based handrub consists of 7 poses. We used an automated training system to improve clinicians' hand hygiene technique and test whether this affected hospitalwide hand hygiene complian...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.04.201
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Our objectives were to evaluate the utility of electronic hand hygiene counting devices in outpatient settings and the impact of results feedback on physicians' hand hygiene behaviors. METHODS:We installed 130 electronic hand hygiene counting devices in our redesigned outpatient department. We remotely moni...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Medical devices inserted into the human body can be divided into single-use devices and reusable medical devices (RMDs) depending on the method of use. RMDs are applied to >1 patient, and users reprocess them prior to repeat use. Therefore, reprocessing of RMDs has become more difficult, and issues related t...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.01.017
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We surveyed Ohio acute care hospitals on laboratory testing used for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Of 146 hospitals surveyed, 109 (84%) used nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) as stand-alone diagnostic assays. Only 53 (42.4%) hospitals using NAATs had a mechanism in place to prevent repeat ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2016.09.007
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are useful in the evaluation of both new and well-established hospital infection control practices for which the benefit is unproven and not obvious. RCTs are often undertaken to resolve controversies, and many of them have a "negative" or inconclusive outcome. Well-designed RCTs wi...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(83)90076-7
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although familial involvement during inpatient care is not uncommon in western countries, the types of caring activities that family members in Asian countries provide are significantly different. These activities may place the family member at risk from a health care-associated infection. This study aimed t...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.10.001
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We sought to measure the incidence rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), identify risk factors associated with acquiring the infections; and identify the etiologic and antibiotic resistant patterns associated with CAUTIs in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a large University Hospit...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2009.06.011
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome, H5N1 (avian influenza), and, most recently, the novel H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009 have raised awareness of the danger of new and emerging infections. Preparedness and response plans for such outbreaks are crucial, and given the centrality of the ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.02.021
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a comparative laboratory study between 2 peripheral intravenous catheters equipped with a passive fully automatic safety mechanism to assess generation of blood droplets during withdrawal. One presented no fluid droplets, whereas the other presented droplets in 48% and 60% for the best and worst case, with a...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2014.11.020
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a 17-month period (01/11/85-05/31/86) 225 cases of nosocomial diarrhea were identified in a children's hospital. Diarrhea was considered to be nosocomial if it began at least 72 hours after the patient's hospital admission or within 3 days after discharge. One or more routine diagnostic studies for identificati...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0196-6553(89)90021-7
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to determine the temporal relationship between implementation of different interventions in an intensive care unit (ICU) and control of endemic nosocomial acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE). METHODS:This was a prospective observational study wit...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2015.07.026
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of an unusual outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. METHODS:We performed direct observation and investigation of current dialysis techniques and facilities including microbiologic sampling in a long-term hemodi...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0196-6553(96)90023-1
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health care-associated infections impact patient morbidity and mortality, and institutions adopt evidence-based measures to prevent and control such infections. In this study, professionals were observed during patient care under empirical contact precautions. A total of 243 observations were performed in which 39.5% ...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2019.10.004
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to threaten global health. Although global and national AMR action plans are in place, infection prevention and control is primarily discussed in the context of health care facilities with home and everyday life settings barely addressed. As seen with the recent global SARS-CoV...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.011
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In September 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Surveillance Definition Working Group to organize a formal process for leaders and experts of key stakeholder organizations to discuss the challenges of VAP surveillance definitions and to propose n...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2013.07.001
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the well-recognized role of urinary catheters in nosocomial urinary tract infections, data on risk factors associated with inappropriate urinary catheter use are scarce. METHODS:A prospective review of electronic medical records of 436 patients admitted to an adult medical-surgical unit between Octo...
journal_title：American journal of infection control
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.032
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
