Abstract:
:Eukaryotic cells have evolved a complex set of intracellular organelles, each of which possesses a specific complement of enzymes and performs unique metabolic functions. This compartmentalization of cellular functions provides a level of metabolic control not available to prokaryotes. However, it presents the eukaryotic cell with the problem of targeting proteins to their specific location(s). Proteins must be efficiently transported from their site of synthesis in the cytosol to their specific organelle(s). Such a process may require translocation across one or more hydrophobic membrane barriers and/or asymmetric integration into specific membranes. Proteins carry cis-acting amino acid sequences that serve to act as recognition motifs for protein sorting and for the cellular translocation machinery. Sequences that target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum/secretory pathway, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are often present as cleavable amino-terminal extensions. In contrast, most peroxisomal proteins are synthesized at their mature size and are translocated to the organelle without any post-translational modification. This review will summarize what is known about how yeast solve the problem of specifically importing proteins into peroxisomes and will suggest future directions for investigations into peroxisome biogenesis in yeast.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Aitchison JD,Nuttley WM,Szilard RK,Brade AM,Glover JR,Rachubinski RAdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01780.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
3455-60issue
23eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The stalk is a universal structure of the large ribosomal subunit involved in the function of translation factors. The bacterial stalk is highly stable but its stability is notably reduced in eukaryotes, favouring a translation regulatory activity of this ribosomal domain, which has not been reported in prokaryotes. T...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04816.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatio-temporal oscillations of the Min proteins are essential for selecting the cell division site in Escherichia coli. These oscillations are a key example of a biological phenomenon that can only be understood on a systems level rather than on the level of its individual components. Here, we review the key concepts...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05607.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational proteolysis-dependent regulation of critical cellular processes is a common feature in bacteria. The Escherichia coli Lon protease is involved in the control of the SOS response, acid tolerance and nutritional deprivation. Moreover, Lon plays a role in the regulation of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07646.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis harbour a single circular chromosome, some freshwater cyanobacteria have multiple chromosomes p er cell. The detailed mechanism(s) of cyanobacterialreplication remains unclear. To elucidate the replication origin (ori ), form and synchrony of the multi-copy...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07971.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma agalactiae, an important pathogen of small ruminants, exhibits antigenic diversity by switching the expression of multiple surface lipoproteins called Vpmas (Variable proteins of M. agalactiae). Although phase variation has been shown to play important roles in many host-pathogen interactions, the biologica...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06103.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytokinetic apparatus of bacteria is initially formed by the polymerization of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein into a ring structure at midcell. This so-called Z-ring facilitates the recruitment of many additional proteins to the division site to form the mature divisome machine. Although the assembly pathway leadin...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12905
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The UhpA protein is required for expression of the sugar phosphate transporter UhpT in Escherichia coli and is regulated by phosphate transfer from the transmembrane UhpBC sensor kinase complex. UhpA action requires the sensor kinase complex and the site of phosphorylation, Asp-54, under normal conditions, but not whe...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4021765.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria harbour both ferrous and ferric iron transporters. We now report that infection of macrophages and mice with a Salmonella enterica Typhimurium strain containing an inactivated feoB-encoded ferrous iron transporter results in increased bacterial replication, compared to infection with wild type. Inactivation o...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12739
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite whose rapid lytic replication cycles define its pathogenicity. We identified a temperature-sensitive growth mutant, FV-P6, which irreversibly arrests before the middle of the G1 stage of the tachyzoite cell cycle. This arrest is caused by a point mutati...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08044.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the sizes of the chromosomes of six Bacillus cereus strains (range 2.4-4.3 Mb) and constructed a physical map of the smallest B. cereus chromosome (2.4 Mb). This map was compared to those of the chromosomes of four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain previously determined to be 5.4-6.3...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00411.x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::CTXphi is a filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae. CTXphi is unusual among filamentous phages because it can either replicate as a plasmid or integrate into the V. cholerae chromosome at a specific site. The CTXphi genome has two regions, the 'core' and...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3911758.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Aspergillus nidulans the global regulatory gene veA is necessary for the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites, including the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST). In order to identify additional veA-dependent genetic elements involved in regulating ST production, we performed a mutagenesis on a deletion veA (Δv...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08142.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::CoiA is a transient protein expressed specifically during competence and required for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not for DNA uptake. It is widely conserved among Gram-positive bacteria but its function is unknown. Here we report that although the rate of DNA uptake was not affected in a co...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05558.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells require a sensory system and a motility structure to achieve directed movement. Bacteria and archaea possess rotating filamentous motility structures that work in concert with the sensory chemotaxis system. This allows microorganisms to move along chemical gradients. The central response regulator protein CheY c...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14527
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DnaA protein, which initiates chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli, is negatively regulated by both the sliding clamp of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and the IdaB protein. We have found that, when the amount of minichromosome is limited in an in vitro replication system, minichromosomal replication-stimula...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02378.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two proteins that together support high-affinity Fe-uptake. These are a multicopper oxidase, Fet3p, with specificity towards Fe²⁺ and a ferric iron permease, Ftr1p, which supports Fe-accumulation. Homologues of the genes encoding these two proteins are found in all fungal genomes inc...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07704.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis regulates expression of its virulence factors such as pertussis toxin (Ptx) via the bvg locus, which encodes a two-component system composed of a sensor protein, BvgS, and a transcription activator, BvgA. We used a ptx-lac fusion on the B. pertussis chromosome to analyse promoter activation by alt...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.4371792.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms by which micro-organisms sense and internalize extracellular pH signals are not completely understood. One example of a known external pH-sensing process is the fungal-specific Rim/Pal signal transduction pathway. Fungi, such as the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, use Rim signaling to se...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13998
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Like other bacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has multiple sigma (sigma) factors encoded in its genome. In previously published work, we and others have shown that mutations in some of these transcriptional activators render M. tuberculosis sensitive to various environmental stresses and, in some cases, cau...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03005.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The region of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R100 that encodes the plasmid-specific transfer gene traM has two tandemly aligned promoters separated by 145 nucleotides. The principal transcripts are 705 and 562 nucleotides long. Minor transcripts are 1550 and 1700 nucleotides long. The 705-base transcript appears to...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00202.x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas in Bacillus subtilis, a general stress response stimulon under the control of a single sigma factor (SigB) is induced by different physiological and environmental stresses (heat, salt or ethanol shock), in Streptomyces coelicolor, these environmental stresses induce independent sets of proteins, and its genome...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03302.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to environ-mental stimuli such as an exposure to pheromone or to hexoses after carbon source limitation with a transient elevation of cytosolic calcium (TECC) response. In this study, we examined whether hexose transport and phosphorylation are necessary for the TECC response. We foun...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02956.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the preservation of the mating competent haploid (a or alpha) and the mating incompetent diploid (a/alpha) is necessary to prevent aneuploidy. Once haploid cells respond to pheromone, the mating-specific signal transduction pathway is activated, and the MAP kinase Fus3 ph...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HM-1:IMSS, a pathogenic strain of Entamoeba histolytica, and its mutant BG-3, identified by resistance to cytochalasin D, were tested for their capacity to: (i) secrete electron-dense granules; (ii) adhere and digest native type I collagen gels; and (iii) produce liver abscesses in new-born hamsters. The results demon...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00356.x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli dam gene and upstream sequences were cloned from the Kohara phage 4D4. Five promoters were found to contribute to dam gene transcription. P1 and P2 (the major promoter) were situated approximately 3.5 kb upstream of the structural gene, P3 was within the aroB gene, P4 was within the urf74.3 gene, ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01356.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The translocation of proteins across the bacterial cell membrane is carried out by highly conserved components of the Sec system. Most bacterial species have a single copy of the genes encoding SecA and SecY, which are essential for viability. However, Streptococcus gordonii strain M99 encodes SecA and SecY homologues...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02949.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes blast, the most devastating disease of cultivated rice. After penetrating the leaf cuticle, M. oryzae grows as a biotroph in intimate contact with living rice epidermal cells before necrotic lesions develop. Biotrophic growth requires maintaining metabolic homeostasis while suppres...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14580
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chromosomal gef gene of Escherichia coli is a member of the gef gene family which encodes strongly toxic proteins of about 50 amino acids. We demonstrate here that the Gef protein is detectable by anti-peptide antibodies. Furthermore, we show that Gef is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by the N-terminal part ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01910.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional ribosomal RNAs are generated from longer precursor species in every organism known. Maturation of the 5' side of 16S rRNA in Escherichia coli is catalysed in a two-step process by the cooperative action of RNase E and RNase G. However, many bacteria lack RNase E and RNase G orthologues, raising the question...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05499.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with the azole-refractory yeast Candida glabrata are now commonly treated with the echinocandins caspofungin (CSF) or micafungin (MCF). True resistance (> 32-fold decreased susceptibility) to these lipopeptide inhibitors of cell wall synthesis is rare and strictly associated with mutations in integral memb...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00