Abstract：
:When designing studies of the optimal use of antimicrobial drugs, it is important to define at an early stage, which outcome parameters to use. It must be clear to which category a parameter to be measured belongs: the structure, the process or a clinical outcome. Attention must be paid to the measurement scales as well as the statistical tests to be used. The outcome measure must be sensitive, specific and reliable. Furthermore, the timeframe chosen for the performance of a study should be validated. Whether process parameters or clinical outcomes are to be preferred depends on the settings and the intended purpose. The essential point is the appropriate choice of outcome measure for the study. Examples drawn from the field of quality of use of antimicrobial drugs are discussed.
journal_name
J Clin Pharm Therjournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeuticsauthors
Natsch S,Kullberg BJ,Hekster YA,van der Meer JWdoi
10.1046/j.0269-4727.2003.00518.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
475-8issue
6eissn
0269-4727issn
1365-2710pii
518journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN:The increased risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients has been related to numerous metabolic and haemoreological factors. Some of these factors appear to be particularly evident during the post-prandial phases and to be related to peak plasma glucose level. AIM:To compare the effect of additio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01132.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of bromotetrandrine (BrTet, W198), a novel inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), after single-dose i.v. infusion in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS:We conducted a randomized, dose-escalating, phase I clinical study for that purpose. Thirty healthy subjects rec...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01075.x
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A large number of structurally and functionally diverse compounds act as substrates or modulators of p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Some of them possess multiple drug resistance (MDR)-reversing activity, but only a small number of them have entered clinical study. In order to uncover the factors which exert a signifi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00487.x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Clinically validated pharmacogenomic information useful for patient selection and/or dose adjustment is included in drug labels. However, the label information may differ among countries. This commentary summarizes the pharmacogenomic information on drug labels in different countries. COMME...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12691
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epilepsy is a disease requiring chronic therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Many conventional AEDs currently available have either too rapid an absorption or elimination, requiring the patient to take multiple doses per day, which may adversely impact adherence or cause peak-related side-effects. Conseq...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01117.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2B6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in the metabolism and action of many important therapeutic drugs, and genetic variants have been associated with interethnic differences in response to treatment, including chemotherapy. METHODS:Eig...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12351
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study involved the mixing of 1:1 combinations of Bactroban (mupirocin) Ointment 2% with various cream, lotion, ointment, gel, solution and liquid soap formulations with storage at 37 degrees C for 60 days. The mixtures were assayed for mupirocin content at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days using a high-pressure liquid ch...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01290.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A descriptive study of national sales data from Sweden to find out the effect of over-the-counter (OTC) switches on total sales of a number of drugs. During the period 1980-94, 16 drugs were changed from prescription only (Rx) status to the Swedish OTC market. Total sales increased for 14 out of these 16 drug...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1996.tb00042.x
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevailing major theory of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is that insoluble amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) found in the cerebral plaques characteristic of the disease is causative or is at least a contributing factor. According to this theory, inhibition of aberrant Abeta production should prevent or at least limit the ex...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00415.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Amlodipine overdose is common; however, the dose and timing of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy as a management strategy remain debatable. CASE DESCRIPTION:A 73-year-old man received a single bolus (1.5 mL/kg) of ILE therapy following massive ingestion of multiple drugs, including a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13018
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) is an unpredictable but frequent complication which may develop after administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) most commonly in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). In this review, we describe the incidence, predictive factors, clinical course, outcome and treatme...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00935.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otitis media occurs commonly in children, and is usually treated with an antibiotic. In this case report, amoxicillin was prescribed for a 6-year-old boy suffering from acute otitis media. As he had previously experienced a rash after the administration of a penicillin, the medication order was switched from amoxicill...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00268.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptics represent a major potential complication of epilepsy treatment because drug combinations are common. This review discusses pharmacokinetic drug interactions of clinical significance involving antiepileptics and cytochrome P450 (CYP). Most commonly used antiepileptics...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.1999.00201.x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flurbiprofen is a propionic acid-derived non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used widely in the treatment of rheumatism and non-arthritic pain. The pharmacokinetics of topically and orally administered flurbiprofen were compared in a two-part, open study involving healthy adult volunteers. In the first (cross...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The anti-craving drug, naltrexone, is used as a pharmacotherapeutic adjunct in the treatment of alcohol dependence. In addictive disorders, compliance issues remain central. There are limited data on compliance with naltrexone treatment regimens within formalized rehabilitation programs and even less data th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00326.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroids are widely used in treating the relapse of multiple sclerosis. There is no place for long term steroid therapy of this disease. Current practice is a short course of high dose methylprednisolone which can be repeated after an interval, has proven safety and objectively accelerates recovery. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00677.x
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the contribution of patient and doctor characteristics in explaining observed variations in prescribing costs between individual doctors. METHOD:Secondary analysis of data collected from general practitioners, Family Health Services Authorities, 1991 Census data set and the Prescription Pricin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00371.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The use of psychotropic drugs has increased continuously over recent years in industrialized countries. In Europe, France has the highest consumption of such drugs. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and medical factors associated with the use of psychotropic agents. METHODS:Data, co...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00464.x
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:There is a growing interest in investigating the role of glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Indeed, the hyperdopaminergic theory of schizophrenia can explain only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas the glutamate hypothesis may provide a more comprehensive view of the ill...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2710.1999.00238.x
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The STOPP/START tool has been validated to assess elderly patients for potentially inappropriate prescribing. This study aimed to assess the effect of inclusion of a pharmacist on a physician-led ward round on potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalized elderly patients. METHODS:T...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12489
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Gabapentin has been used for the management of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, inconsistent results have been reported. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of gabapentin 1800 mg/day in PHN patients by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS:Electronic data...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12167
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate if once-daily dose (ODD) regimens of tobramycin attain pharmacodynamic goals using individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring of critically ill patients with creatinine clearance (Clcr) over 60 mL/min. METHODS:Fifty-one adult critically ill patients treated with intravenous tobramycin with ODD wer...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2003.00539.x
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:There is much controversy over how angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) affect blood uric acid levels. Though ARB is not used to lorcwer the uric acid concentration in the blood, losartan, one of the ARB series, is known to reduce the uric...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.13202
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:This study developed a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of levetiracetam (LEV) for treating neonatal seizures (NS) and determined the influence of clinically relevant covariates to explain the interindividual variability and residual error. METHODS:Twenty newborns admitted to the Neona...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12658
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Midazolam (MDZ) is commonly used for sedating critically ill patients. The daily dose required for adequate sedation increases in increments over 100 h after administration. The objectives of this study were to characterize the MDZ pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients and to describe ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12395
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:An imbalance in the genetically controlled pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production could potentially promote ongoing low-grade inflammation following an episode of acute gastroenteritis and, subsequently, could result in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; post-infectious IBS, PI-IBS). Sin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12775
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Chemotherapy can increase treatment-related mortality associated with future haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). There is usually insufficient time to find a suitable unrelated donor for these patients. We repor...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12251
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Bisphosphonates are the first-line medications for treating osteoporosis. The aim of our prospective study was to compare the efficacy of zoledronate with that of alendronate in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis based on the evaluations of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum levels of...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12429
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced parotitis is a relatively uncommon adverse drug reaction. Most of the data on drug-induced parotitis consist of isolated case reports with few attempts at rechallenge to confirm the aetiology. Phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone have a significant number of reports suggesting that these drugs may be implic...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2710.1993.tb00584.x
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. The exact cause of the disease is not clearly known, and no existing therapies are able to prevent disease progression. Identification of the possible "impaired brain insulin signalling in AD" enriched the scope...
journal_title：Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/jcpt.12808
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
