Abstract：
:Three measures of spatial clustering (Moran's I, Geary's c, and a rank adjacency statistic, D) were evaluated for their power to detect regional patterns in health data. The patterns represented various environmental effects: a latitude gradient; residence near a contaminated water supply; disease "hot spots"; relation to socioeconomic status and urbanization; and general spatial autocorrelation. While the methods had high power to detect certain patterns, they were also affected by factors such as the shape of the map, its regional structure, and the spatial distribution of explanatory variables. The power was sometimes low, even for strong geographic trends, particularly for D. Moran's I had the highest power most often. We conclude that use of these methods requires careful specification of the anticipated geographic pattern and awareness of idiosyncratic effects in the study of particular maps.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Walter SDdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116553subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-15 00:00:00pages
742-59issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
136pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A case-control study of women less than 40 years of age in England and Wales was performed to evaluate the risk of fatal stroke associated with the use of the newer, low-dose oral contraceptives. Included were 296 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 105 cases with other hemorrhagic stroke, and 21 cases with occlusive ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116418
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this case-control study, the authors aimed to examine whether use of an electric bedding device increased breast cancer risk in African-American women. Cases were 304 African-American patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995-1998 who were aged 20-64 years and lived in one of three Tennessee counties. Contr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg220
更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This retrospective cohort study evaluated adverse birth outcomes in infants whose birth records indicated maternal residence in villages containing dumpsites potentially hazardous to health and environment. Birth records from 1997 to 2001 identified 10,073 eligible infants born to mothers in 197 Alaska Native villages...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj241
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual-level health behaviors and outcomes have multi-level determinants (individual and environmental). Multi-level analysis seeks to explain individual outcomes in terms of both individual and environmental or aggregate variables. Ecologic fallacy (improper inference about individual-level associations based on ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116207
更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of religious groups that impose prudent lifestyles on their members show low mortality rates in these groups, but it is unclear whether their morbidity rates are also low. The authors studied the prevalence of self-reported morbidity and disability among Trappist and Benedictine monks in the Netherlands. A hea...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116897
更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:High-fiber diets are associated with improved lipid profiles. However, pre- and postmenopausal women respond differently to fiber intake, suggesting that endogenous estradiol mediates the effect. The authors' objective was to determine the direct effect of fiber intake on lipoprotein cholesterol levels independent of ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq388
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine risk factors for Ewing's bone sarcoma, the authors interviewed mothers of 43 patients diagnosed between January 1978 and August 1986 and 193 controls in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, regarding medical and occupational history of parents and other factors related to the subjects and their immedia...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116265
更新日期：1992-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Decreased heart rate variability has been associated with an adverse prognosis in patients after myocardial infarction. Studies carried out in the population at large show contradictory results. The authors examined the association between heart rate variability on a standard 10-second electrocardiogram and cardiac an...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009959
更新日期：1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, the authors present an objective system to evaluate interviewer performance for use in epidemiologic studies. With this quality control system, all study interviews are audio-taped, and a random sample of interviews are coded according to interviewer behaviors, such as whether the interviewer asked the ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117192
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outbreaks of respiratory tract illnesses (RTI) in adult humans during October and November 1975 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, were investigated by viral isolation and serologic procedures. The recovery of viral agents was enhanced by use of cell cultures in the field. Recoveries of parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112857
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trends in sexual behavior associated with incident infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 are described and a case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men who became infected with HIV between 1982 and 1994 from four geographic sites: Amsterdam, the...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009311
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In anticipation of the sequencing of the human genome and description of the human proteome, the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) was initiated in 2002. AGES-Reykjavik was designed to examine risk factors, including genetic susceptibility and gene/environment interaction, in relati...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk115
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of the interval of time between death and next-of-kin contact to outcome variables including response rates and data quality was examined in a nationally representative sample of 17,713 deaths of persons 25 years of age or older that occurred in the United States in 1986. For most of the outcome variables...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116051
更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Reproductive hormonal factors may have a potential role in cutaneous melanoma. This study estimated the risk of melanoma in women related to self-reported changes in nevi during pregnancy, while using oral contraceptives and/or hormone replacement therapy. Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire obtaining in...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk040
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship of menopause to associated factors of atherosclerosis was investigated during October 1973 to December 1976. The subjects were 1674 premenopausal and 428 postmenopausal women aged 35 to 54, who were living in Toda city, an urban area of Japan. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in postmeno...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112699
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Incidence trends in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) demonstrate disparities by race and ethnicity. We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Registry to evaluate patterns in ALL incidence from 2000-2016, including the association between the percent of people born in a foreign country at the ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa215
更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors report the results of the first 2 years of follow-up of a prospective cohort study on the mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and its determinants which started in November 1988 in Kigali, Rwanda. The study sample consists of 218 newborns of 215 HIV-1 seropositive wo...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116716
更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Variants of inflammatory and immune response genes have been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes following exposure to air pollution. However, the genes involved and their associations are not well characterized, and there has been no systematic review. Thus, we conducted a review following the guidelines of ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt269
更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many neural tube defects can be prevented if women take folic acid around the time of conception. However, the majority of women do not take folic acid at the critical time, so the US government required that food be fortified with folic acid effective January 1, 1998. Whether the amount being added was sufficient to ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn329
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1983/1984, a study of bone mass and fractures was begun in 827 women aged 20-80 years in three rural Iowa communities selected for the fluoride and calcium content of their community water supplies. The control community's water had a calcium content of 67 mg/liter and a fluoride content of 1 mg/liter. The higher-c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115940
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ecologic study design is routinely used by epidemiologists in spite of its limitations. It is presently unknown how well the challenges of the design are dealt with in epidemiologic research. The purpose of this bibliometric review was to critically evaluate the characteristics, statistical methods, and reporting ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr241
更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the association between vitamin D and relative leukocyte telomere length by using both plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) biomarkers. V...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws435
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Some researchers have recently questioned the validity of associations between birth weight and health in later life. They argue that these associations might be due in part to inappropriate statistical adjustment for variables on the causal pathway (such as current body size), which creates an artifactual statistical...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi002
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structured life course modeling approach (SLCMA) is a theory-driven analytic method that empirically compares multiple prespecified life course hypotheses characterizing time-dependent exposure-outcome relationships to determine which theory best fits the observed data. In this study, we performed simulations and ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa246
更新日期：2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This study determined the distributions of uncorrected visual acuity and of refractive error in representative groups of Australian Aborigines and Australians of European origin aged 20-30 years. The methodology used in this study and its verification are described in detail. As a group, the Aborigines have significan...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113067
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The link between blood pressure measured at juvenile ages (3-18 years) and subsequent adult ages (30 and 50 years) was investigated in a community-based longitudinal study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1928 to the present. The original sample of 550 persons decreased 61 percent by age 50 years, leaving ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116543
更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify cancers that occur at higher rates in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, the cancer experience of New York State (NYS) AIDS patients aged 15-69 years who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1994 was compared with that of the NYS general population. Sex and HIV risk group-specific standardized ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.6.544
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease occurs with unusually high incidence in Alaskan Eskimos. In 1983, the authors evaluated the unique susceptibility of the Yupik-speaking Eskimo population in southwest Alaska. A matched case-control design was used to assess the influence of age, breast feeding, and ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116024
更新日期：1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence on dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer is inconsistent, but some studies have suggested positive associations with dietary fat, lactose, and cholesterol and negative associations with green and yellow vegetable intake. By using information from the Iowa Women's Health Study, the authors investigated the a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009723
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecologic (aggregate) data are widely available and widely utilized in epidemiologic studies. However, ecologic bias, which arises because aggregate data cannot characterize within-group variability in exposure and confounder variables, can only be removed by supplementing ecologic data with individual-level data. Here...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm386
更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00
