Abstract：
:During the last decade, rigorous scientific methods have been applied to determine the effects of cannabinoids on nociceptive neurotransmission. Cannabinoids have been observed to markedly decrease signalling in specific neural pathways that transmit messages about pain. These effects were found to be due to the suppression of spinal and thalamic nociceptive neurons, and independent of any actions on either the motor system or sensory neurons that transmit messages related to non-nociceptive stimulation. Spinal, supraspinal, and peripheral sites of cannabinoid analgesia have been identified. The discovery of endocannabinoids raised the question of their natural role in pain. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that endocannabinoids serve naturally to suppress pain. While it is now clear that cannabinoids suppress nociceptive neurotransmission, more work is needed to establish the clinical utility of these compounds. The few human studies conducted to date produced mixed results, with more promising findings coming from studies of clinical pain as compared with experimental pain. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids remains an important topic for future investigations.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Walker JM,Huang SMdoi
10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00252-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-08-01 00:00:00pages
127-35issue
2eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163725802002528journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A variety of drug transporters expressed in the body control the fate of drugs by affecting absorption, distribution, and elimination processes. In the small intestine, transporters mediate the influx and efflux of endogenous or exogenous substances. In clinical pharmacotherapy, ATP-dependent efflux transporters (ATP-...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.005
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) and other members of the neurotrophin family are critical for the survival and differentiation of neurons and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous disease states. Although the therapeutic potential of neurotrophins has generated much excitement over the past decade, inconve...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.005
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell proliferation is an essential mechanism for growth, development and regeneration of eukaryotic organisms; however, it is also the cause of one of the most devastating diseases of our era: cancer. Given the relevance of the processes in which cell proliferation is involved, its regulation is of paramount importanc...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.011
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeted therapies have changed the landscape of treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specific targeted therapies have been approved for NSCLC patients harboring genetic alterations in four oncogenes, and agents targeting additional oncogenic drivers are under investigation. Standard first-line chemother...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase is a highly specific protein-serine/threonine kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2. The kinase plays a central role in translational control. The activity of the kinase is regulated by a variety of na...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(92)90005-k
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence of a critical role played by the bronchial epithelium in airway homeostasis is opening new therapeutic avenues. Its unique situation at the interface with the environment suggests that the subtle regulation orchestrated by the epithelium between tolerance and specific immune response might be impai...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.008
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary microvessels play a pivotal role in determining the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium by regulating the coronary flow conductance and substance transport. Direct approaches analyzing the coronary microvessels have provided a large body of knowledge concerning the physiological and pharmacologic...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00057-7
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering both cancer's serious impact on public health and the side effects of cancer treatments, strategies towards targeted cancer therapy have lately gained considerable interest. Employment of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in combination with ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, has been shown to improve the effe...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.006
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite some recent declines, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Most recent advances in the treatment of CVD states have been produced by inhibition of mechanisms involved in disease progress. Many studies conducted in the last decade have illustrated inc...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00114-5
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is effective, although it does not permanently suppress viral replication in all patients. Viral persistence, drug toxicity, and antiretroviral resistance are challenging barriers to successful treatment of HIV-1 infection. It has become increasingl...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.007
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review concerns the development of small molecule therapeutics for the inherited neurodegenerative disease Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). FRDA is caused by transcriptional repression of the nuclear FXN gene, encoding the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin and accompanying loss of frataxin protein. Frataxin insuf...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.014
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental and clinical studies suggest that the central and peripheral benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors together with their ligands form the molecular basis of a novel regulatory network that contributes to the effects of anxiety on immune status. The peripheral-type receptors located on phagocytes and glial cells ap...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00055-7
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a major public health issue around the world, yet there are currently no effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of METH addiction. METH is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular dopamine levels by targeting the dopamine transporter (DAT) and alters neuronal activit...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.009
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases cause more mortality and morbidity worldwide than any other diseases. Although many intracellular signaling pathways influence cardiac physiology and pathology, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has garnered significant attention because of its vast implications in signaling an...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.013
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) shows diversity both in its effects and its receptors. It is likely to have roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, local hormone and trophic factor. Its effects include rapid changes in neuronal activity, relaxation of many types of smooth muscle, actions on metabolism and ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(92)90036-y
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Major characteristics observed in alcoholics during an initial period of alcohol abstinence are altered physiological functions and a negative emotional state. Evidence suggests that a persistent, cumulative adaptation involving a kindling/allostasis-like process occurs duri...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.007
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperkinetic movement disorders comprise a variety of conditions characterized by involuntary movements, which include but are not limited to tardive dyskinesia, chorea associated with Huntington's Disease, and tic disorders. The class of medications that have been used to treat these conditions includes Vesicular Mon...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107580
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Statins are effective drugs to reduce cardiovascular events secondary to dyslipidemia; however, they cause frequent undesirable side effects. The incidence of statin-induced myotoxicity (SIM) is presented by 7 to 29% of patients, depending upon the report. SIM may develop in presence of abnormally high concentrations ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.029
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are the non-structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with various regulatory functions. MCPs are critical regulators of ECM homeostasis and are often found dysregulated in various malignancies. They interact with various proteins like ECM structural proteins, integrins, growth facto...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide with atherosclerosis being the major underlying pathology. The interplay between lipids and immune cells is believed to be a driving force in the chronic inflammation of the arterial wall during atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis is initiated ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.012
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer research has been focusing so far on genetic alterations in protein-coding genes. However, mounting evidence underlines the importance of epigenetic and post-transcriptional events in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Moreover, recent genome-wide studies show that disease-causing mutations and chromoso...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biogenic amine transporters for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine (SERT, NET and DAT respectively), are the key players terminating transmission of these amines in the central nervous system by their high-affinity uptake. They are also major targets for many antidepressant drugs. Interestingly however, drugs targ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.004
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is surprising that only relatively recently has attention been directed to the characterization of the properties of acid ribonucleases (RNases), leading to some understanding of their biochemistry and their functional roles. The present review summarizes current progress in this field under the following general t...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00035-7
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds which are included in a panoply of drugs and used to treat and/or manage human ailments such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders and cancer. Thus, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune disea...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor that enables aerobic organisms to adapt to hypoxia. This is achieved through the transcriptional activation of up to 200 genes, many of which are critical to cell survival. Under conditions of normoxia, the hydroxylation of HIF by prolyl hydrox...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.005
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine D2 autoreceptors (D2ARs), located in somatodendritic and axon terminal compartments of dopamine (DA) neurons, function to provide a negative feedback regulatory control on DA neuron firing, DA synthesis, reuptake and release. Dysregulation of D2AR-mediated DA signaling is implicated in vulnerability to substa...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107583
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a 12-kDa protein with redox-active dithiol in the active site -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys- that is ubiquitously present in the human body. Trx 1 is a defensive protein induced by various stresses and has anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-oxidative effect of Trx 1 is m...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.004
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hdroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression since the serendipitous discovery of antidepressant drugs in the 1950s. However, despite the generalised use of serotonin-enhancing drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhi...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.006
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanistic insights of cancer immunology have led to the development of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT), which has elicited a remarkable clinical response in some cancer patients. Increasing evidence suggests that activation of oncogenic pathways, such as RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K signaling, impairs the antitum...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis, a life threating syndrome characterized by organ failure after infection, is the most common cause of death in hospitalized patients. The treatment of sepsis is generally supportive in nature, involving the administration of intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances and oxygen plus antibiotics to eliminate the...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107476
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
