Abstract：
:Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) shows diversity both in its effects and its receptors. It is likely to have roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, local hormone and trophic factor. Its effects include rapid changes in neuronal activity, relaxation of many types of smooth muscle, actions on metabolism and changes in gene expression. Receptor heterogeneity has been revealed from experiments comparing agonist potency ratios and antagonist affinities. The evidence from these approaches is reviewed in this article and a speculative receptor classification scheme is proposed. Some of the likely future directions for CGRP research are discussed.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Poyner DRdoi
10.1016/0163-7258(92)90036-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
23-51issue
1eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
0163-7258(92)90036-Yjournal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:We have attempted to review studies which have utilized monoclonal antibodies in the analysis of various aspects of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. It is readily apparent that the monoclonal antibodies directed against RII can be used in a number of ways to assess the structure and function of this protein. Mon...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(85)90059-2
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein phosphorylation is the major post-translational modification used by eukaryotic cells to control cellular signaling. Protein kinases have emerged as attractive drug targets because heightened protein kinase activity has been associated with several proliferative diseases, most notably cancer and restenosis. Un...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00060-6
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent tissue stem cells that differentiate into a number of mesodermal tissue types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myofibroblasts. MSCs were originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) of humans and other mammals, but recent studies have shown that they a...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.005
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the experimental data that points to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA base damage as being important contributors to cancer development. Particular emphasis is placed on the role they play in genetic changes occurring during tumor promotion. A number of structurally dif...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(92)90047-4
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytotoxic drug-induced nausea and vomiting are the side effects most feared by cancer patients. Emesis is an instinctive defense reaction caused by the somatoautonomic nerve reflex, which is integrated in the medulla oblongata. Emesis caused by cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin is associated with an increase in the co...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(03)00057-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells for the purposes of tissue repair has garnered considerable public attention due to the potential of returning tissues and organs to a normal, healthy state after injury or damage has occurred. To achieve this, progenitor cells such as pericytes and bone marrow-derive...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin, in conjunction with lifestyle modification, was approved by the FDA in 2012 for weight management. It has been marketed in the US as Belviq® since 2013. This article provides a review of the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of lorcaserin, including its pharmacokin...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107417
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years, warfarin was the only effective oral anticoagulant to prevent and treat thromboembolism. Nevertheless, its clinical use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window, extensive drug interactions, need of strict dietary control and frequent monitoring. The pharmacological response is also unpredictable and ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.005
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type I signal peptidases are essential membrane-bound serine proteases that function to cleave the amino-terminal signal peptide extension from proteins that are translocated across biological membranes. The bacterial signal peptidases are unique serine proteases that utilize a Ser/Lys catalytic dyad mechanism in plac...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00064-4
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ever-growing global burden of congestive heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as their co-existence necessitate that anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy will modulate the cardiovascular risk inherent to T2DM while complying with the accompanying restrictions imposed by CHF. The thiazolidinedio...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.007
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review concerns the development of small molecule therapeutics for the inherited neurodegenerative disease Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). FRDA is caused by transcriptional repression of the nuclear FXN gene, encoding the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin and accompanying loss of frataxin protein. Frataxin insuf...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.014
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammals dispose of cholesterol mainly through 7alpha-hydroxylated bile acids, and the enzyme catalyzing the 7alpha-hydroxylation, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), has a deep impact on cholesterol homeostasis. In this review, we present the study of regulation of CYP7A1 as a good exemplification of the extraord...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.08.003
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in how genes regulate alcohol drinking and contribute to alcoholism. This work has been stimulated by the completion of the human and mouse genome projects and the resulting availability of gene microarrays. Most of this work has been performed in drinking animal...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.09.002
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a new member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that promotes Th2 type immune responses by signaling through the ST2L and IL-1RAcP dimeric receptor complex. Furthermore, the biological e...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.02.005
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Preclinical animal models are useful tools to better understand tumor initiation and progression and to predict the activity of an anticancer agent in the clinic. Ideally, these models should recapitulate the biological characteristics of the tumor and of the related tumor microenvironment (e.g. vasculature,...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.001
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the human genome that respond to a plethora of signals, including neurotransmitters, peptide hormones, and odorants, to name a few. They couple to second messenger signaling cascade mechanisms via heterotrimeric G-proteins. R...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(01)00160-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest cause of progressive neurological disability amongst young, Caucasian adults. MS is considered to be an auto-immune disease that results from an attack against myelin, the layer which surrounds axons. The pathophysiology of MS is complex, with both demyelination and axonal dege...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.006
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that aerobic exercise, one of lifestyle modifications, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherogenic and anti-hypertensive effects of exercise remain unclear. Hypertension is associated with alte...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.003
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is the most frequently known activated aberrant pathway in human cancers. Pathologic activation can occur at multiple levels along the signaling pathway by a variety of mechanisms, including point mutations, amplifications, and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This pathway is also a kn...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.006
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decades of research have established that the biological functions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) extend far beyond its role as a regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Gary et al. [Gary, K.A., Sevarino, K.A., Yarbrough, G.G., Prange, A.J. Jr., Winokur, A. (2003). The thyrotropin-releasing hormo...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.004
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) interact not only with heterotrimeric G proteins but also with accessory proteins called GPCR interacting proteins (GIP). These proteins have important functions. They are implicated in GPCR targeting to specific cellular compartments, in their assembling into large functional comple...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.06.004
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are at least two types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, both coupled to G-proteins. CB1 receptors are present in the central nervous system and CB1 and CB2 receptors in certain peripheral tissues. The existence of endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonists has also been demonstrated. These discoveries have l...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(97)82001-3
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New techniques for the analysis of proteins with specific binding for natural retinoids in human plasma and skin extracts have been developed. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), followed by protein blotting with an antiserum specific to retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of retinol, showed that:...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(89)90073-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The leukotrienes are synthesized from essential fatty acids via a 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Most is known about the four-series leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotriene B4 is a potent chemotactic agent for leukocytes and it induces neutrophil-dependent increased microvascular permeability. Leukotrienes C4,...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(90)90035-z
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nuclear receptor family of transcription factor proteins mediates endocrine function and plays critical roles in the development, physiology and pharmacology. Malfunctioning nuclear receptors are associated with several disease states. The functional activity of nuclear receptors is regulated by small molecular ho...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The smooth muscle of the normal bladder wall must have some specific properties. It must be very compliant and able to reorganise itself during filling and emptying to accommodate the change in volume without generating any intravesical pressure, but whilst maintaining the normal shape of the bladder. It must be capab...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00038-7
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The small heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP20, HSP27 and alphaB-crystallin are chaperone proteins that are abundantly expressed in smooth muscles are important modulators of muscle contraction, cell migration and cell survival. This review focuses on factors regulating expression of small HSPs in smooth muscle, signaling...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.005
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aquaporin (AQP) water and solute channels have basic physiological functions throughout the human body. AQP-facilitated water permeability across cell membranes is required for rapid reabsorption of water from pre-urine in the kidneys and for sustained near isosmolar water fluxes e.g. in the brain, eyes, inner ear, an...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor that enables aerobic organisms to adapt to hypoxia. This is achieved through the transcriptional activation of up to 200 genes, many of which are critical to cell survival. Under conditions of normoxia, the hydroxylation of HIF by prolyl hydrox...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.005
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of biological actions under both physiological and pathological conditions. NO is synthesized by three distinct NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, including neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS), all of which are expressed in the human cardiovascular system. The role...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.010
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
