Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To determine if premature discharge from the US Air Force was associated with the smoking status of recruits. DESIGN AND SETTING:A total of 29 044 US Air Force personnel recruited from August 1995 to August 1996 were administered baseline behavioural risk assessment surveys during basic military training. They were tracked over a 12 month period to determine those who were prematurely discharged. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Excess training costs as a result of premature discharge. RESULTS:In this 12 month period, 14.0% of those entering the US Air Force were discharged at a one year follow up. In both univariate and multivariate models, the best single predictor of early discharge was smoking status. Overall, 11.8% of non-smokers versus 19.4% of smokers were prematurely discharged (relative risk 1.795). CONCLUSIONS:Using US Department of Defense data on the cost of military training, recruits who smoke in the US Air Force are associated with $18 million per year in excess training costs. Applied to all service branches, smoking status, which represents a constellation of underlying behaviours and attitudes that can contribute to early discharge, is associated with over $130 million per year in excess training costs.
journal_name
Tob Controljournal_title
Tobacco controlauthors
Klesges RC,Haddock CK,Chang CF,Talcott GW,Lando HAdoi
10.1136/tc.10.1.43subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-01 00:00:00pages
43-7issue
1eissn
0964-4563issn
1468-3318journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOBACCO CONTROL文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if restaurant business declines or improves after the implementation of restrictive restaurant smoking policies. DESIGN:Analysis used a pre/post-quasi-experimental design that compared town meals tax receipts before and after the imposition of highly restrictive restaurant smoking policies in ad...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.11.suppl_2.ii38
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify patterns in trial testimony that may reflect on the intentions or expectations of tobacco manufacturers with regard to the introduction of potential reduced exposure products (PREPs). DESIGN:Research was conducted using the Deposition and Trial Testimony Archive (DATTA) collection of trial testim...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.009787
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of a telephone helpline (Quitline) with additional support (written information) on callers who use the service during a mass media campaign. DESIGN:Telephone recall surveys of callers to the helpline carried out two months and one year after their initial call. SETTING:Telephone help...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.9.2.148
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pakistan has a large population of tobacco users, with about 24 million adults consuming tobacco products in one form or another. There is a dearth of research on the impact of a reduction in tobacco use on Pakistan's economy which can inform policy-makers on the extent that tobacco control measures would af...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055257
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined sexual orientation differences in encoded exposure to tobacco product ads and intersections with race and ethnicity. METHODS:We analysed data from young adults (18-24) from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in 2013 and 2014 (N=9110). First, we compared encoded expos...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055313
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tobacco is a leading cause of avoidable death in Russia but there is, as yet, relatively little information in the public domain on who is smoking and how this is changing. This information is important for those seeking to develop effective policies to tackle this issue. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalen...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.7.1.22
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Tanzania, strong tobacco control measures that would lead to a reduction in prevalence (consumption) have so far not been implemented due to concern about possible economic effects on gross domestic product and employment. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic effects of reducing tobacco consum...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054635
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tobacco-free generation proposal advocates legislation precluding the sale and supply of tobacco to individuals born after a certain year. The measure is aimed at overcoming defects with current youth access laws that suffer from rite-of-passage and mixed signalling effects. Since its introduction in 2010, the pro...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050865
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine self service tobacco displays (SSTDs) and youth retail tobacco access by comparing longitudinal illegal tobacco sales rates in three communities in Santa Barbara County, California, that considered or implemented ordinances banning SSTDs. A confirmatory survey was also conducted to substantiate the...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.9.1.71
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:'Stealth vaping' is the practice of vaping discreetly in places where electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is prohibited. While anecdotal evidence suggests that stealth vaping is common, there have been no formal studies of the behaviour. The purpose of this study is to examine stealth vaping behaviour a...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054432
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vape shops have been spreading rapidly in the USA since 2008, catering to the fast-growing market for electronic cigarettes. Little is known about the geographic density and proximity of vape shops near colleges. METHODS:Names and addresses of vape shops were collected from 3 online directories: Yelp.com, Y...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-052957
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To quantify the contribution the tobacco industry has made to foreign direct investment (FDI) in the former Soviet Union (FSU) as an indicator of its political and economic leverage; to explore the impact this has had on production capacity and tobacco control in the region. DESIGN:Data on industry investme...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2002.002667
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test whether community-level restrictions on youth access to tobacco (including both ordinances and enforcement) are associated with less smoking initiation or less progression to established smoking among adolescents. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study of a random sample of adolescents in Massachusetts whos...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2006.018002
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although numerous studies describe the quantity and nature of tobacco marketing in stores, fewer studies examine the industry's attempts to reach youth at the point of sale. This study examines whether cigarette marketing is more prevalent in stores where adolescents shop frequently. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PAR...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2003.006577
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1983 and 1986, the International Advertising Association (IAA) published an original version and then a revision of a report entitled "Tobacco Advertising Bans and Consumption in 16 Countries," which were edited by J J Boddewyn, a marketing professor. The reports concluded that tobacco advertising bans have not bee...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2008.025148
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess beliefs about the tar and nicotine delivery characteristics and health benefits of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes among cigarette smokers. DESIGN:Random digit dialed telephone survey conducted in September 1999. SUBJECTS:Daily smokers (n = 2120) of Regular (46%), Light (39%), and Ultra Light (15...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.10.suppl_1.i17
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco often elicits negative connotations of a lower class product, uptake and use by young adult smokers has grown because RYO is more cost-effective than tailor-made (TM) cigarettes. We explored the practices and beliefs young adults develop to distance themselves from unattr...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053168
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study assessed whether exposure to cigarette graphic warning labels (GWLs) increased attendance to a smoking cessation programme. METHOD:From 2014 to 2016, alternating cohorts of smokers in 3 residential drug treatment programmes received either GWLs (experimental) or transparent (control) labels placed...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053207
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether snus might become a strategy for reducing the harm associated with cigarette smoking in the USA as appears to be the case in Sweden, we examined receptivity to snus use in two cities with the greatest exposure to the major brands. METHODS:A dual frame, telephone survey and a brief mail s...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051342
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Thailand, the prevalence of smoking has steadily declined over the past 20 years, suggesting an effective tobacco control policy. However, the prevalence has recently stabilised and youth smoking now appears to be on the rise. Tobacco use is the third highest risk factor contributing to the burden of disease in the...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tc.2011.043331
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Smoking prevalence rates are declining in most industrialised countries, partly because of growing cessation rates. However, little is known on recent time-trends in smoking cessation by socioeconomic position. This study aims to estimate educational inequalities in smoking cessation trends in Italy betw...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2008.029280
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cigarette butt litter is a potential target of tobacco control. In addition to its toxicity and non-biodegradability, it can justify environmental regulation and policies that raise the price of tobacco and further denormalise its use. This paper examines how the tobacco industry has managed the cigarette bu...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2010.036491
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the late 1990s and the early part of this decade, the major US cigarette manufacturers admitted, to varying degrees, that smoking causes cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE:To examine how tobacco manufacturers have defended themselves against charges that their products caused cancer in plaintiffs in 34...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2006.016956
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The South African Medicines Control Council classifies e-cigarettes as Schedule 3 substances and requires them to be dispensed only within pharmacies. e-Cigarettes are however ubiquitous and are marketed as cessation aids. We investigated the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation among S...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056102
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate a training workshop for community pharmacy personnel to improve their counselling in smoking cessation based on the stage-of-change model. DESIGN:A randomised controlled trial of community pharmacies and pharmacy customers. SETTING:All 76 non-city community pharmacies registered in Grampian, Sco...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tc.7.3.253
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate the short-term impacts of removing point-of-sale tobacco displays in Ireland, implemented in July 2009. METHODS:Retailer compliance was assessed using audit surveys in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Using a monthly survey of 1000 adults carried out since 2002, changes in smoking prevalence were assessed; attitud...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2010.038141
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Package quantity refers to the number of cigarettes or amount of other tobacco product in a package. Many countries restrict minimum cigarette package quantities to avoid low-cost packs that may lower barriers to youth smoking. METHODS:We reviewed Truth Tobacco Industry Documents to understand tobacco com...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053993
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the smoking-related knowledge and attitudes of senior medical students and to compare knowledge and attitude changes in students exposed to four different smoking cessation skills training interventions. DESIGN:A survey questionnaire, assessing knowledge and attitudes, was administered pre- and pos...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tc.5.4.271
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hookahs (water pipes) are rapidly increasing in popularity worldwide. Evidence suggests that although perceived as safer than cigarette smoke, hookah smoke may be as, or even more, dangerous as cigarette smoke. METHODS:Air samples from 33 homes-11 where only hookah-smoking occurred, 12 with only cigarette...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053165
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While tobacco taxes and smoke-free air regulations have significantly decreased tobacco use, tobacco-related illness accounts for hundreds of thousands of annual deaths. Experts are considering additional strategies to further reduce tobacco consumption. METHODS:We investigated smokers' (n=2118) and non-smo...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051272
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00