Abstract：
:The incidence of skin cancer is increasing by epidemic proportions. Basal cell cancer remains the most common skin neoplasm, and simple excision is generally curative. Squamous cell cancers may be preceded by actinic keratoses-premalignant lesions that are treated with cryotherapy, excision, curettage or topical 5-fluorouracil. While squamous cell carcinoma is usually easily cured with local excision, it may invade deeper structures and metastasize. Aggressive local growth and metastasis are common features of malignant melanoma, which accounts for 75 percent of all deaths associated with skin cancer. Early detection greatly improves the prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma. The differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions is challenging, although the ABCD and seven-point checklists are helpful in determining which pigmented lesions require excision. Sun exposure remains the most important risk factor for all skin neoplasms. Thus, patients should be taught basic "safe sun" measures: sun avoidance during peak ultraviolet-B hours; proper use of sunscreen and protective clothing; and avoidance of suntanning.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Jerant AF,Johnson JT,Sheridan CD,Caffrey TJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-15 00:00:00pages
357-68, 375-6, 381-2issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation. The risk of trisomy 21 is directly related to maternal age. All forms of prenatal testing for Down syndrome must be voluntary. A nondirective approach should be used when presenting patients with options for prenatal screen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical moles can be distinguished visually by clinical features of size greater than 6 mm in diameter, color variegation, indistinct borders, and textured surface. All patients who have atypical moles should be counselled about sun avoidance, screening of family members, and regular skin checks at least once per yea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatic complaints secondary to viral infections are usually brief, self-limited and nondestructive. They may accompany almost any type of viral illness, and the arthritic presentation is nonspecific. These manifestations are protean, ranging from arthralgia to vasculitis. Often the cause of the rheumatic complaint ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Distribution of accumulated fluid is the important element in the differentiation of peripheral edema resulting from different etiologies. Isolated upper extremity edema is rare and is usually caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava by a malignancy. The cause of unilateral edema of a lower limb can usually be ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions requires the use of a cast or splint. Splints are noncircumferential immobilizers that accommodate swelling. This quality makes splints ideal for the management of a variety of acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated, such as acute fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium bot...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hawthorn medicinal extract has long been a favored herbal remedy in Europe. The active components of this slow-acting cardiotonic agent are thought to be flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins. The most studied hawthorn extracts are WS 1442 and LI 132. Reviews of placebo- controlled trials have reported both subjectiv...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of diseases and therapies associated with immunosuppression. Approximately 80 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop pneumocystis pneumonia. Diagnosis is important, because effective therapy is available. In most cases,...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menière's disease may be the underlying cause of dizziness, which is a common presenting complaint. This disease is differentiated from other causes of dizziness by its classic constellation of four symptoms; dizziness characterized as episodic spinning or whirling vertigo; fluctuating, low-frequency sensorineural hea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Appropriate preconception health care improves pregnancy outcomes. When started at least one month before conception, folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects. Targeted genetic screening and counseling should be offered on the basis of age, ethnic background, or family history. Before conception, women s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The lives of patients with borderline personality disorder are characterized by turmoil, and their interpersonal relationships by conflict. As a result, these patients can be very difficult to treat. However, an accurate diagnosis and an understanding of the psychodynamics and emotional development of borderline patie...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wide complex tachycardias are cardiac rhythm disorders with three or more consecutive beats, rates exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS duration of 120 msec (0.12 second) or greater. The width of the QRS complex should be verified in a number of leads, since the QRS complex often appears mistakenly narrower (i.e.,...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial advances have been made in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine and olsalazine are new anti-inflammatory agents that may serve as alternatives to corticosteroids and sulfasalazine, which have been the mainstays of medical therapy. These new agents are available in oral, enema and suppos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with dangerously elevated diastolic blood pressures, the titrated intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside usually reduces blood pressure to near-normal levels in less than an hour. This rapid reduction of pressure is well tolerated by hypertensive patients and probably diminishes the morbidity f...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome may occur in patients taking neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs. The syndrome is characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, altered consciousness and autonomic instability. Cerebrospinal fluid examination is normal. Treatment includes intensive supportive measures and the u...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although many physicians consider constipation a trivial problem, it is one of the most frequent and chronic digestive disorders in the United States, affecting 4.53 million people and causing considerable morbidity. More than $200 million are spent for over-the-counter laxatives and untold millions of dollars are spe...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the increasing popularity of recreational scuba diving, primary care physicians should be familiar with common diving injuries. One form of barotrauma, middle ear squeeze, is the most common diving injury. Other important diving injuries include inner ear barotrauma and pulmonary barotrauma. Arterial gas em...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to properly apply casts and splints is a technical skill easily mastered with practice and an understanding of basic principles. The initial approach to casting and splinting requires a thorough assessment of the injured extremity for proper diagnosis. Once the need for immobilization is ascertained, casti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menstrual patterns can be an indicator of overall health and self-perception of well-being. Primary amenorrhea, defined as the lifelong absence of menses, requires evaluation if menarche has not occurred by 15 years of age or three years post-thelarche. Secondary amenorrhea is characterized by cessation of previously ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AIDS dementia complex is a major source of disability for many AIDS patients. Less commonly, the spinal cord or peripheral nerves are affected by HIV infection. Physicians working with AIDS patients must differentiate these manifestations from those caused by the infectious, neoplastic and vascular complications. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult immunization rates have fallen short of national goals partly because of misconceptions about the safety and benefits of current vaccines. The danger of these misconceptions is magnified during pregnancy, when concerned physicians are hesitant to administer vaccines and patients are reluctant to accept them. Rou...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, difficulty breathing, and mucosal swell...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in 5 to 7 percent of people over age 60 in the United States. An aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase in diameter of greater than 1.5 times its normal diameter. Abdominal aortic aneurysms may be manifested by catastrophic rupture, signs...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening conditions characterized by disordered eating and weight-control behaviors that impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Early intervention may decrease the risk of long-term pathology and disability. Clinicians should interpret disordered eating and body i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although testicular cancer accounts for only 1 percent of all tumors in males, it is the most common malignancy in males between 15 and 34 years of age. Cryptorchidism is the most significant risk factor for testicular cancer, increasing the risk up to 11-fold. A painless testicular mass is the classic presentation fo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultures of the urine, throat and genitalia account for 90 percent of the cultures performed in an outpatient setting. The presence of a urinary tract infection, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci or Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be ascertained easily, quickly, accurately and inexpensively in an office laboratory. Only a...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The family physician often provides the first and only medical intervention for fingertip injuries. Proper diagnosis and management of fingertip injuries are vital to maintaining proper function of the hand and preventing permanent disability. A subungual hematoma is a painful condition that involves bleeding beneath ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This common fracture most frequently affects young males. In most cases, the fracture is found on initial examination. Occasionally, it is missed on the initial radiographic evaluation but becomes apparent on follow-up films. Although most scaphoid fractures respond to conservative therapy, some fail to heal. Nonunion...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergies may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and pain, dermatologic manifestations, asthma and rhinitis. The most common offender among the foodstuffs is milk. Elimination diets are designed not only to remove the offending food but to identify it and to prevent new sensitizations. Canker s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
