Abstract:
:The red cell membrane is a permeability barrier that limits the equilibration of a variety of solutes between red cell and plasma water. We utilized the multiple indicator dilution technique to investigate the effect of this barrier on the exchange in the liver of a group of tracer substances that are not removed in net fashion from the hepatic circulation: thiourea, urea, and chloride. We demonstrated that, after preequilibration of the label with red cells, a red cell carriage effect appeared (the trapping and translocation of label in the red cells), that this effect was most marked when the permeability of the red cell was relatively low for the substance under consideration (thiourea), and that the effect became small when the permeability of the red cells was large for the exchanging substance (urea and chloride). We developed a theoretical description of the retarding effect of the red cell permeability barrier on the extravascular exchange of label and were able to use this description to obtain estimates of the red cell permeability from the in vivo dilution curves. We examined the effect of plasma injection, of changing the input in such a fashion that the label was not preequilibrated with red cells, and found both experimentally and theoretically, that for substances of low permeability the transit time from these experiments, if multiplied by the total water flow or solute flux, gave an overestimate of both the apparent total volume of distribution and the mass of traced material in the system. This last effect is of great importance for the practical design of many biological experiments. Reliable volume and mass estimates can be made only when the labeled material has been preequilibrated with red cells.
journal_name
Circ Resjournal_title
Circulation researchauthors
Goresky CA,Bach GG,Nadeau BEdoi
10.1161/01.res.36.2.328subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-02-01 00:00:00pages
328-51issue
2eissn
0009-7330issn
1524-4571journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Triadin 1 (TRD) is an integral membrane protein that associates with the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), calsequestrin (CASQ2) and junctin to form a macromolecular Ca signaling complex in the cardiac junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). To define the functional role of TRD, we examined the effects of adenoviral-mediated...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000160609.98948.25
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::H11 kinase/Hsp22 (H11K) is a chaperone promoting cardiac cell growth and survival through the activation of Akt, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In this study, we tested whether H11K-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is mediated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling,...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.192328
更新日期:2009-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of intense sympathetic stimulation on the chronotropic responses of the heart to subsequent test stimulations of the cardiac autonomic nerves in dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Such intense sympathetic stimulations (which we refer to as "release stimulations") are known to release neuro...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.72.1.137
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate....
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/RES.0000000000000097
更新日期:2016-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::To study whether atrial fibrillation might produce local changes in the atrium which could facilitate the tendency of this arrhythmia to become chronic and self-perpetuating, we compared the effect of atrial fibrillation, atrial pacing, and acute volume loading on the perfusion and oxygen consumption of the atrium in ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.51.2.205
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that in adult rats with chronic hyponatremia, both symptoms of encephalopathy and mortality largely depend upon the gender of the animal and the presence of elevated plasma levels of vasopressin (AVP). Since effects of AVP on blood vessels may be gender dependent, the present study w...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.76.4.551
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcolemmal and microsomal membranes prepared from adult canine cardiac myocytes (sarcolemmal Na+, K+-ATPase = 71.8 mumol/mg per hr and microsomal rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase = 114 mumol/mg per hr) were each preincubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of a free radical generating system consistin...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.55.1.120
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) provides the architectural scaffold to support efficient contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes. The elegant design of the ECM facilitates optimal force transduction, electric transmission, intercellular communication, and metabolic exchange within the myocardial microenvir...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302819
更新日期:2014-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin II (Ang II) has powerful modulatory actions on cardiovascular function that are mediated by specific receptors located on neurons within the hypothalamus and brain stem. Incubation of neuronal cocultures of rat hypothalamus and brain stem with Ang II elicits an Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated inhibit...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.84.3.352
更新日期:1999-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the absence of a systematic development plan, β-blockers have reached the top tier of medical therapies for chronic heart failure. The successful outcome was due to the many dedicated investigators who produced, over a 30-year period, increasing evidence that β-blocking agents should or actually did improve th...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.245092
更新日期:2011-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Our objective was to test the hypotheses that 1) myoplasmic [Ca2+] is the primary determinant of crossbridge phosphorylation and that 2) phosphorylation is the primary determinant of crossbridge interactions with the thin filament in swine carotid arterial smooth muscle. We tested these hypotheses by evaluating the re...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.63.3.593
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypercholesterolemia induces atheroma formation, and the concentration of sphingomyelin is increased compared with that in the normal aortic intima-media. The aortic intima-media sphingomyelin concentration appears to increase exponentially with time on the cholesterol diet. Moreover, the entry rate of serum sphingomy...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.36.2.294
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to measure action potential parameters in enzyme-dissociated, adult rat ventricular myocytes stimulated at 1 Hz, to compare these measurements with those obtained from intact ventricular tissue, and to determine myocyte and tissue responses at stimulus frequencies between 0.1 and 5 Hz...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.52.3.280
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E-cadherin/beta-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis and has recently emerged in atherosclerosis. The aim of this work was to investigate whether this signaling pathway is involved in smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by oxidized low-density ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.166405
更新日期:2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Five fetal sheep (gestational age, 118 to 125 days) were instrumented to measure impedances of the lower abdominal aorta. Four days after surgery, flow and pressure pulses were recorded during control conditions and during infusion of norepinephrine (0.3 to 3 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 body weight) or angiotensin II (0.2 t...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.74.4.641
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reperfusion of globally ischemic rat hearts causes the generation of inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and the initiation of arrhythmias. These responses are mediated by alpha1-adrenergic receptors (ARs), but the subtype of receptor involved has not been identified. Under normoxic conditions, hearts from tra...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.83.12.1232
更新日期:1998-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Calcific aortic valve sclerosis involves inflammatory processes and occurs preferentially on the aortic side of endothelialized valve leaflets. Although the endothelium is recognized to play critical roles in focal vascular sclerosis, the contributions of valvular endothelial phenotypes to aortic valve sclerosis and s...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000161998.92009.64
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid rafts are discrete membrane subdomains rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol. In ventricular myocytes a function of caveolae, a type of lipid rafts, is to concentrate in close proximity several proteins of the beta-adrenergic transduction pathway. We have investigated the subcellular localization of HCN4 channel...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000127621.54132.AE
更新日期:2004-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::To test the hypothesis that the capacity to develop left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy might diminish with advancing age, we examined the hypertrophic response to ascending aortic constriction in 3 groups of adult Fischer 344 rats (9 months, 18 months, and 22 months of age). Aortic constriction was created so that aort...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.61.3.337
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Circumstantial evidence links the development of heart failure to posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, including lysine acetylation (Kac). Nonetheless, direct evidence that Kac compromises mitochondrial performance remains sparse. OBJECTIVE:This study sought to explore the premise that ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317293
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::The site of earliest extracellular electrical activation in the sinoatrial node (SAN) is known to shift in response to autonomic stimuli, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the determinants of the location of dominant pacemaker activity have not been elucidated. The present study was designed to charact...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.77.5.957
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling is associated with the expression of a variety of factors including S100B that can potentially modulate myocyte apoptosis. OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and function of S100B and its receptor, the receptor for advanced glyc...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.195834
更新日期:2010-01-08 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and endothelial dysfunction. CRP antagonizes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through processes mediated by the IgG receptor Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB), its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.254573
更新日期:2011-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas numerous studies have investigated the role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the maintenance of coronary blood flow, most of these have focused on normal vessels. In the present investigation, we examined the prostaglandin- and thromboxane-synthesizing capacity of isolated coronary artery segments obtaine...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.57.2.223
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that VEGF165 gene delivery into ischemic skeletal muscle exerts not only proangiogenic, but also remarkable antiapoptotic and proregenerative activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery of VEGF165 into cardiac muscle...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000217342.83731.89
更新日期:2006-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The role of Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channels in mediating vascular responses to activation of adenylate cyclase in vivo is not known. The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to activation of adenylate cyclase is mediated by activation of Ca(2+)-depende...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.76.6.1057
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm involves substantial proteolysis of the arterial extracellular matrix. The lysosomal cysteine proteases can exert potent elastolytic and collagenolytic activity. Human atherosclerotic plaques have increased cysteine protease content and decreased levels...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000155964.34150.F7
更新日期:2005-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract: Macrophages, a key component of the innate defense against pathogens, participate in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and in the maintenance of tissues. These diverse and at times antithetical functions of macrophages are executed via distinct activation states, ranging from classical to altern...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.216523
更新日期:2010-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress through the production of oxygen metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases vascular endothelial permeability. H2O2 stimulates ADP-ribose formation, which in turn opens transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)2 channels. Here, in endothelial cells, we demonstrate transcript and prote...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.160176
更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria play a key role in determining cell fate during exposure to stress. Their role during ischemia/reperfusion is particularly critical because of the conditions that promote both apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway and necrosis by irreversible damage to mitochondria in association with mitochondrial perme...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000087542.26971.D4
更新日期:2003-08-22 00:00:00