Evolutionary optimisation of enzymes.

abstract：:The field of computational protein design is reaching its adolescence. Protein design algorithms have been applied to design or engineer proteins that fold, fold faster, catalyze, catalyze faster, signal, and adopt preferred conformational states. Further developments of scoring functions, sampling strategies, and opt...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Kraemer-Pecore CM,Wollacott AM,Desjarlais JR

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New insights have been gained into the therapeutic relevance of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, on the basis of reverse pharmacological approaches to defining the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. Natural and synthetic sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists can make picomolar int...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Rosen H,Liao J

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, an increasing number of proteins have been discovered which utilize heme cofactors to sense oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. The identification and characterization of these proteins are revising our understanding of heme-mediated allostery first established in the early 1960s. Biochemical an...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Chan MK

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin organization spans a wide range of structural complexity. Substructures at the 10-200nm scale are poorly characterized, especially in living cells, due to the limitations of electron microscopy and standard optical microscopy. Recently developed super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods represent an e...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Flors C,Earnshaw WC

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conceptual and computational advances triggered an explosion of designed protein structures in the recent years. Various protein fold geometries have been robustly designed with atomic accuracy, including protein folds unseen in nature. The same principles and tools have been extended to design multi-chain assemblies....

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Ljubetič A,Gradišar H,Jerala R

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMR, already some 50 years old, has long been an invaluable analytical method in industry for verification of chemical synthesis and compound characterisation. The range of molecular information accessible through NMR, however, offers a far larger horizon of applications. Of these, ligand screening by NMR has emerged ...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Diercks T,Coles M,Kessler H

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Before large, specific peptides could be made, in an RNA world our ancestors may have used an RNA-like molecule for both catalysis and information storage. Taken together, RNA activities suggest RNA could have performed most of the essential informational functions of an ancient organism (i.e. those functions most sim...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Yarus M

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic biologists typically construct new pathways within existing cells. While useful, this approach in many ways ignores the undefined but necessary components of life. A growing number of laboratories have begun to try to remove some of the mysteries of cellular life by building life-like systems from non-living...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Forlin M,Lentini R,Mansy SS

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although random mutagenesis and screening and evolutionary engineering have long been the gold standards for strain improvement in industry, the development of more sophisticated recombinant DNA tools has led to the introduction of alternate methods for engineering strain diversity. Here, we summarize several combinat...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Santos CN,Stephanopoulos G

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of enzymology has long used small-molecule mass spectrometry. However, the direct interrogation of covalent and non-covalent intermediates by large-molecule mass spectrometry of enzymes or large peptide substrates is illuminating an increasingly diverse array of chemistries used in nature. Recent advances no...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Kelleher NL,Hicks LM

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis is inherently a dynamic process, requiring both small-scale and large-scale movements of tRNA and mRNA. It has long been suspected that these movements might be coupled to conformational changes in the ribosome, and in its RNA moieties in particular. Recently, the nature of ribosome structural dynami...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Korostelev A,Ermolenko DN,Noller HF

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy provide the ability to assess tissue structure and metabolism in vivo in real time, providing improved diagnosis of pre-cancerous lesions. Reflectance spectroscopy can probe changes in epithelial nuclei that are important in pre-cancer detection, such as mean nuclear diameter,...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Sokolov K,Follen M,Richards-Kortum R

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By acoustically detecting the optical absorption contrast, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) has broken the penetration limits of traditional high-resolution optical imaging. Through spectroscopic analysis of the target's optical absorption, PAT can identify a wealth of endogenous and exogenous molecules and thus is...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Yao J,Wang LV

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A broad range of biochemicals, from proteins to nucleic acids, function properly only when associated with a metal, usually a divalent cation. Not any divalent metal will do: these metals differ in their ionic radius, dissociation in water, ionization potential, and number of unpaired electrons in their outer shells, ...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Bloom AJ

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides that recognize specific cell types promise to be valuable tools both in research and clinical applications. Cell-specific peptides can be useful as drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic agents, affinity reagents for cell purification, gene therapy delivery agents, and research tools to probe the nature of a cell...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Brown KC

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past two decades, peptides have expanded the toolbox of additives for the preparation of noble metal nanoparticles. Their functional and structural modularity and accompanying molecular recognition and self-assembly properties offer unique opportunities for the controlled formation of NPs. Within this review,...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Corra S,Shoshan MS,Wennemers H

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-encoded chemical libraries along with DNA-encoded libraries have provided a powerful new paradigm for library synthesis and ligand discovery. PNA-encoding stands out for its compatibility with standard solid phase synthesis and the technology has been used to prepare libraries of peptides, h...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Zambaldo C,Barluenga S,Winssinger N

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Different strategies for the creation of optical sensors with metal-dye complexes are discussed. The focus is on sensors, which are used in conjunction with pattern recognition protocols. It is shown that remarkably powerful sensors can be obtained by combining commercially available dyes with simple transition metal ...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Severin K

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) share common ground as emerging tools for nanoscale observation of biological interactions. SAMs provide excellent means of controlling the surface characteristics through individually tailored and engineered building blocks. SAMs on various surfaces ha...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Shin SK,Yoon HJ,Jung YJ,Park JW

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular communication drives diverse aspects of organismal biology ranging from immune function to memory formation. The mechanisms by which cells transact information in vivo, though, are not completely understood. This is due, in part, to a lack of tools for observing collections of cells in their native habitats. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Porterfield WB,Prescher JA

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese, iron, copper, and zinc are observed to play essential roles in mitochondria. The overload and depletion of metal ions in mitochondria under pathological conditions, however, could disturb mitochondrial compartments and functions leading to cell death. In this review, we mainly summarize how impaired metal i...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Nam E,Han J,Suh JM,Yi Y,Lim MH

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural sources offer a wealth of chemically diverse compounds that have been evolutionary preselected to modulate biochemical pathways. Several industrial and academic groups are accessing this source using advanced technology platforms. Methods have been reported to generate large and diverse natural-product librari...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Abel U,Koch C,Speitling M,Hansske FG

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays a primary role in the pathogenic pathway of thrombosis as a consequence of its actions on the two principal components of blood clots, fibrin and activated platelets. Deficiencies in available therapies, heparin and coumadin, have recently led to an intense effo...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Ripka WC

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global nitrogen cycle is the process in which different forms of environmental N are interconverted by microorganisms either for assimilation into biomass or in respiratory energy-generating pathways. This short review highlights developments over the last 5 years in our understanding of functionality of nitrogena...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Eady RR,Antonyuk SV,Hasnain SS

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic pathways of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and cytochrome P450CAM, iron-containing enzymes, are described and compared. Recent extensive density functional ab initio electronic structure calculations have revealed many similarities in a number of the key catalytic steps, as well as some important d...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Guallar V,Gherman BF,Lippard SJ,Friesner RA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of molecular cloning has revealed the phenomenal diversity and complexity of the phosphodiesterase isoenzyme family. Thus, more than 30 human phosphodiesterases are now known; all are apparently necessary for the seemingly simple task of hydrolysing the 3'-ester bond of either cyclic adenosine monophos...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Perry MJ,Higgs GA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous tools for Zn2+ sensing in living cells have become available in the past three years. Among them, fluorescence imaging using fluorescent sensor molecules has been the most popular approach. Some of these sensor molecules can be used to visualize Zn2+ in living cells. Some of the biological functions of Zn2+ h...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Kikuchi K,Komatsu K,Nagano T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oceans are filled with an amazing variety of biological materials including the glues and cements of mussels, barnacles, tube worms, algae, and starfish. Recent studies on mussel adhesive are providing increasing evidence for a unique mechanism of material generation involving iron-induced protein oxidation and cr...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Wilker JJ

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallodrugs are extensively used to treat and diagnose distinct disease types. The unique physical-chemical properties of metal ions offer tantalizing opportunities to tailor effective scaffolds for selectively targeting specific biomolecules. Modern experimental techniques have collected a large body of structural d...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Janoš P,Spinello A,Magistrato A

更新日期：2020-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA plays an essential cellular role in nearly every aspect of the transmission and expression of genetic information, including regulatory roles that have significance for cellular development. Access to RNA bearing synthetic modifications has allowed biological chemists to probe deep into the inner workings of cellu...

journal_title：Current opinion in chemical biology

authors： Das SR,Fong R,Piccirilli JA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00