Abstract：
:Traditional African medicine (TAM) is a shorthand reference to indigenous forms of healing that are practiced all over Africa. Although TAM is based on the accumulated experience of ancient Africans, its mode of transmission by word-of-mouth has hindered emergence of a generally accepted theory and hence of the systematic development of TAM as a self-regulating profession. A major therapeutic objective in the treatment of illness in TAM is diffusion of emotional stress. This article summarizes the argument for such a therapy, and suggests that TAM is a distinct system of health care and not a rudimentary form of modern Western medicine.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Okpako DTdoi
10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01406-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
482-5issue
12eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
S0165-6147(99)01406-6journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:There is a variety of pressures on pharmacology teachers to replace real laboratory practicals with simulations but do they help students achieve the required learning objectives? In this article, the marks obtained by students in a variety of assessments using 'wet' or simulated practicals are analysed. Poorer perfor...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01605-9
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants have been the predominant source of medicines throughout the vast majority of human history, and remain so today outside of industrialized societies. One of the most versatile in terms of its phytochemistry is cannabis, whose investigation has led directly to the discovery of a unique and widespread homeostatic...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.005
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is a multifunctional mitochondrial aminotransferase that was first identified in 1978. The physiological importance of AGXT2 was largely overlooked for three decades because AGXT2 is less active in glyoxylate metabolism than AGXT1, the enzyme that is deficient in primary h...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2014.09.005
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discoidin (DS) domains are found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic extracellular and transmembrane multidomain proteins. These small domains play different functional roles and can interact with phospholipids, glycans, and proteins, including collagens. DS domain-containing proteins are often involved in cellular adhesion...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2016.06.003
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tachykinin family has recently been extended by the discovery of a third tachykinin gene encoding previously unknown mammalian tachykinins (hemokinin 1, endokinin A and endokinin B) that have a widespread peripheral distribution and a tachykinin NK(1) receptor selectivity. This and the identification of other tach...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2003.11.005
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer initiates at one site (primary tumor) and, in most cases, spreads to other distant organs (metastasis). During the multistep process of metastasis, primary tumor cells acquire cellular and phenotypic plasticity to survive and thrive in different environments. Moreover, cancer cells also utilize and educate micr...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.005
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multimeric protein complex which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Recently, various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be involved in the activ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.002
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of genetically-engineered mice has identified alpha2- and alpha3-subunit containing GABA(A) receptors as principal contributors to the spinal disinhibition that occurs after inflammation and neuropathic injury. Pharmacological comparison of subtype selective allosteric modulators such as NS11394 and L838417 wi...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2009.06.004
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP (also known as ABCG2)] belongs to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family of transmembrane drug transporters. BCRP has a broad substrate specificity and actively extrudes a wide variety of drugs, carcinogens and dietary toxins from cells. Situated in the apical plasma membrane ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2005.11.007
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunomodulatory receptors whose functions are regulated by their glycan ligands. Siglecs are attractive therapeutic targets because of their cell type-specific expression pattern, endocytic properties, high expression on certain lymphomas/l...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.008
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dimerization is fairly common in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. First attempts to rationalize this phenomenon gave rise to an idea that two receptors in a dimer could be necessary to bind a single molecule of G protein or arrestin. Although GPCRs, G proteins and arrestins were crystallized only in ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than 30 years, WNT/β-catenin and planar cell polarity signaling has formed the basis for what we understand to be the primary output of the interaction between WNTs and their cognate receptors known as Frizzleds (FZDs). In the shadow of these pathways, evidence for the involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.001
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the past six months, isolation of cDNA or genomic clones has been reported for three 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT1C, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 subtypes. As members of the G protein receptor superfamily, all three 5-HT receptor clones encode single-subunit proteins containing approximately 450 amino acids arrayed as seven in...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(89)90080-1
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The affinity of a drug candidate for a biological membrane (its lipophilicity) is closely related to the pharmacologically crucial events of absorption, biodistribution, metabolization and excretion. The evolution of knowledge of biological membranes during the past two decades contrasts with the rudimentary parameter...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2010.06.007
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 27 million people are living with a tumour in which the tumour suppressing activity of p53 has been inactivated. In half of these tumours, p53 itself is not mutated but the pathway is partially abrogated. Mechanisms include the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, such as MDM2 and MDM4, and dele...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2010.11.004
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical implementation of two recently approved antisense RNA therapeutics - Exondys51® to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Duchenne MD) and Spinraza® as a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) - highlights the therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). As shown in the Duchenne and Becker cas...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.001
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Release of cytotoxic granule proteins from activated eosinophil granules is considered to be a key pathogenic mechanism in eosinophilic diseases. Degenerated eosinophils and extracellular eosinophil granules have been repeatedly depicted. The present overview describes evidence that eosinophil lysis and distribution o...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01042-0
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is prevalent and affects approximately 1 in every 4 adults in the Western world. Although many drugs are effective in treating hypertension, an individual's response to treatment is unpredictable. Pharmacogenetics holds the promise of becoming a tool to predict this response but obstacles and shortcomings...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.008
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfoconjugation of drugs and small xenobiotic and endogenous compounds in human tissues is primarily catalysed by cytosolic forms of sulfotransferase. In most instances, sulfate conjugation is associated with a decrease in the biological activity and an increase in the excretion of the sulfated compounds. However, su...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(91)90566-b
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antipsychotic drugs (APDs), and the 'atypical' APDs in particular, are commonly associated with metabolic side effects in humans. These include glucose dysregulation, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, weight gain and hypertension, which put patients at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The underlying biol...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2010.07.002
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are tetrameric ion channels containing two of four possible GluN2 subunits. These receptors have been implicated for decades in neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia and schizophrenia. The GluN2 subunits substantially contribute to functional diver...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2011.08.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:K(+) channels are macromolecules embedded in biological membranes, where they play a key role in cellular excitability and signal transduction pathways. Knowledge of their structure should help improve our understanding of their function and lead to the design of therapeutic compounds. Most pharmacological and structu...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00080-4
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much regarding the engagement of the G(12) family of heterotrimeric G proteins (G(12) and G(13)) by agonist-activated receptors remains unclear. For example, the identity of receptors that couple unequivocally to G(12) and G(13) and how signals are allocated among these and other G proteins remain open questions. Part...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2005.01.007
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Snake venom neurotoxins and lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) proteins, most of the latter being membrane tethered by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, have a variety of biological activities, but their three-finger (3F) folding combines them in one Ly6/neurotoxin family. Subsets of two groups, represented by α-ne...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2014.11.003
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the conventional view, GABA acts at either ionotropic GABAA or metabotropic GABAB receptors. Recently, novel ionotropic GABA receptors that are composed of rho-subunits have been identified in the vertebrate retina. These bicuculline- and baclofen-insensitive GABA receptors are frequently called GABAC, following an...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01413-3
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS proteins) comprise a large family of signal transduction molecules that modulate G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) function. Among the RGS proteins expressed in the brain, RGS9-2 is very abundant in the striatum, a brain region involved in movement, motivation, mood and addiction...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2008.11.006
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that G protein-coupled receptors can act as proton transporters, with the activated G protein-coupled receptor transporting H+ across the membrane from the extracellular side to the cytoplasm. In this article, Paul Nederkoorn, Henk Timmerman and Gabriëlle Donné-Op den Kelder summarize the various...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(00)89008-2
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genotoxicity of the most potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)] is dependent on the relationship between its activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes and its detoxification by carbonyl reduction to NNK alcohol (NNAL) followed by glucuronidation. Recently, '11 beta-...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01090-0
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nearly all molecules known to signal cells via G proteins have been assigned a cloned G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) gene. This has been the result of a decade-long genetic search that has also identified some receptors for which ligands are unknown; these receptors are described as orphans (oGPCRs). More than 80 o...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01366-8
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has attracted the attention both of the scientific community and a general audience because of its prosocial effects in mammals, and OT is now seen as a facilitator of mammalian species propagation. Furthermore, OT is a candidate for the treatment of social deficits in sever...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.005
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
