Abstract:
:The major physiologic effect of thyroid hormone is thought to be initiated by the binding of T3 to the DNA binding thyroid hormone receptor (TR). The aim of this study has been to characterize the organ specific expression of thyroid hormone receptor mRNA, as well as its protein distribution and molecular weight in man. Determination of TRalpha1, alpha2, beta1 and beta2 mRNA molecular size was performed using Northern blot analysis in the human heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. TRalpha1, alpha2 and beta1 protein expression was characterized by Western blot analysis of human tissues. TRalpha1 mRNA of 4.9 kb was detected in all 8 tissues analyzed, with varying abundance in the various tissues. TRalpha2 mRNA was detected in 2 different sizes, with higher intensity at 5.7 and lower intensity at 3.2 kb. There were, however, multiple TRbeta1 mRNA of 8, 2 and 1 kb detected. TRbeta1 transcripts of 2 kb and 1 kb showed an organ specific pattern of expression. Multiple TRbeta2 mRNA of 6.6, 5.2, 2.5 and 2.4 kb were detected, as well as a unique 1 kb transcript, in the heart. TRbeta2 transcripts also displayed tissue specific expression. Western blot analysis displayed a single band of 48 kD for TRalpha1. The abundance of the TRalpha1 immunoreactive band was highest in the heart, brain, kidney and skeletal muscle, and lowest in the liver, placenta and lung, while no signals were detected in the spleen. The TRalpha2 specific antibody detected a band of 58 kD in all the tissues analyzed. The relative intensity of the immunoreactive TRalpha2 band detected was highest in the placenta and lung, with a medium concentration range in skeletal muscle, the heart and kidney. The TRalpha2 protein concentration was lowest in the spleen, liver and brain. Human TRbeta1 protein was detected as 55 and 52 kD bands, as well as a unique band of 45 kD in heart. The 52 kD band was detected in all tissues except the kidney and spleen. The 55 kD band was not detected in the brain or liver. Both the 55 and 52 kD TRbeta1 immunoreactive bands were detected in the placenta, lung, heart and skeletal muscle with similar intensity. In conclusion, specific patterns of TR mRNA and protein expression revealed characteristic organ distributions of each subtype. Unique cardiac expression was observed for TRbeta2 mRNA and for TRbeta1 protein.
journal_name
Biol Pharm Bulljournal_title
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletinauthors
Shahrara S,Drvota V,Sylvén Cdoi
10.1248/bpb.22.1027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
1027-33issue
10eissn
0918-6158issn
1347-5215journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::6-(10-Hydroxydecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (idebenone) has been found to have a membrane-stabilizing activity in studies using lysosomes. Using dimyristoyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) as a substrate, the effects of idebenone and related benzoquinones on phospholipid digestion by phospholipase A...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.18.779
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transport mechanisms of p-aminohippurate (PAH) were investigated in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. The uptake of PAH was stimulated by an inside-positive membrane potential created by K+ and valinomycin. This potential-stimulated uptake of PAH was inhibited by various anion transport inhibitors and was satu...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.395
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The usefulness of the urine protein : creatine ratio (UPCR) in management of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy has not been studied, although urine protein dipstick testing (uPr) is widely used in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of UPCR as compared to uPr in pat...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b20-00256
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::All living organisms on earth are composed of L-amino acids and D-sugars. Therefore the presence and function of D-amino acids in living organisms have not been studied. Recently, however, D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) which is a D-amino acid, has been detected in various proteins from human tissue samples such as eye lens,...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.28.1585
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a mass microscope in which a microscope is combined with high-resolution matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). This technique is a powerful tool for investigating the spatial distribution of biomolecules without the need for any time-consuming extraction, ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.b212007
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The promoting effect of d-limonene and l-menthol on the percutaneous absorption of nonionized and ionized diclofenac (DF) was investigated employing a pretreatment method. After the pretreatment of hairless rat skin with an ethanol buffer solution containing terpenes, the permeation study was performed in vitro. The p...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.312
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the effect of 4[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8,-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl] benzoic acid (Am-80), a synthetic retinoid, on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Treatment with Am-80 (orally and subcutaneously) significantly promoted recovery from SCI-induced motor dysfunction. On day ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.32.225
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral tolerance is thought to have a role in preventing allergic responses and immune-mediated diseases. Modulation of this tolerance by drugs and chemicals can cause or suppress them. An improved model of oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice was developed to detect modulators of the tolerance and to apply it to s...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.18.854
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous oral administration of the acidic polysaccharide (TAP) solution (0.5 g/l) and the TAP-H (degradation products of TAP) solution (1.5 g/l) instead of water for 10 weeks were found to depress plasma glucose increases in diabetes using genetically non-insulin-dependent diabetic model (KK-Ay) mice. TAP and TAP-H...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.24.1400
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the transport mechanisms of daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin (ADR) in HL60 and HL60/THP cells which were the non-P-glycoprotein-mediated resistant clone of the parent HL60 cells and showed a low degree of resistance, and compared them with those of pirarubicin (THP). In both lines, it appeared that the u...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.19.100
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is one peptide hormone released in response to myocyte stretch, whose functions play significant roles in health and disease. Its physiologic effects result in improved loading conditions and have led to the development of recombinant BNP as a therapeutic agent for heart failure. Previ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.32.1545
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacological profiles of antigen-induced immediate airway response (IAR) in rats are not fully understood. In this study, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced IAR model using noninvasive measurement in rats, and evaluated the effects of commonly used and effective antiasthmatic drugs, i.e. ketotifen (antih...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.31.2260
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the investigation of chemical constituents in antiosteoporotic active fraction, 90% ethanol fraction of water extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea spongiosa, twenty-two glycosides were isolated and their structures were elucidated. In order to know the role of each compound played in the fraction and to find the ex...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.33.316
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dermatan sulfate-proteoglycans (DS-PGs) were extracted from rabbit, rat and bovine defatted livers by magnesium chloride extraction and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and then submitted successively to Asahipak GS-520 gel filtration chromatography, Asahipak ES-502N anion exchange chromatography, and cellulose acetate ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.16.335
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most malignant tumors are derived from epithelium, and pathologic microorganisms often invade the body through the mucosal epithelium. Thus epithelial tissues are potent targets for drug delivery. The tight junction (TJ) is the intercellular seal in epithelial cell sheets. Claudins (CLs) are a family of tetratransmemb...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00014
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deoxynybomycin was identified as an inducer of p21the/WAF1 gene following screening using a reporter, p21/luciferase. The present study examined its anti-proliferative effect on human tumor cell lines. Deoxynybomycin selectively inhibited growth of human osteoblastic sarcoma Saos-2, gastric cancer TMK-1, and monocytic...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.23.1036
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed binary and ternary complexes based on polymers and liposomes for safe and effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Anti-luciferase siRNA was used as a model of nucleic acid medicine. The binary complexes of siRNA were prepared with cationic polymers and cationic liposomes such as polyethylenim...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00054
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hypokalemia is an adverse effect of Yokukansan preparation, especially in geriatric patients, its association with age is unclear. We investigated whether age is a risk factor for hypokalemia. This single-center retrospective cohort study, conducted at Tokyo Women's Medical University, Medical Center East bet...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b20-00476
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tulobuterol patches are long-acting bronchodilators for percutaneous absorption including the β(2)-adrenoreceptor agonist tulobuterol, as a main ingredient, used for long-term management of pediatric asthma. Since patients who have pediatric asthma often also have atopic dermatitis in which the skin barrier is impaire...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.33.1763
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) plays important roles in genotoxic stress-induced cell cycle checkpoint and in normal cell cycle progression. Here, we show that Chk1 is cleaved in the treatment of apoptotic dose of etoposide (ETP) or cisplatin (CIS) but not of viable dose in HeLa S3 cells. The cleavage of Chk1 was complete...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.30.359
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estimation of metallothionein (MT) levels in a biological sample is required to study the physiological role or the induction of MT, which is a multifunctional protein. MT contains 61 amino acids with 20 homologous cysteines. The high selectivity, sensitivity and stability of N-[4-(dimethylamino-2-benzofuranyl)phe...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.19.911
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ogi-Keishi-Gomotsu-To-Ka-Kojin (OKGK) is a traditional herbal medicine (Kampo medicine) which has been found to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in rats and rabbits. In the present study, the effect of OKGK on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was studied in order to elucidate the mec...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.22.994
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sauchinone, a biologically active lignan found in Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), exerts various biological activities against jaundice, inflammatory disease, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative injury. Despite its diverse applications, there exists some information about sauchinone's pharmacokinetics but its tissue di...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00524
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::LAT1 (L-type amino acid transporter 1), one of the L-type amino acid transporters, transports the branched and aromatic amino acids. LAT1 requires the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen (4F2hc) for the functional expression as an amino acid transporter. The expression of this transporter is up-regulated in tumor cells and rap...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.30.415
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of lymphangiogenesis is an important process to promote cancer growth and cancer metastasis via the lymphatic system. Identifying the compounds that can prevent lymphangiogenesis for cancer therapy is urgently required. Chrysin, 5,7-dihydroxyflavone, a natural flavone extracted from Thai propolis, was us...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00543
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic glycolysis is an established hallmark of cancer. Neoplastic cells display increased glucose consumption and a corresponding increase in lactate production compared to the normal cells. Aerobic glycolysis is regulated by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalin...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.b15-00306
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormone, thyroxine (T4) binding to glycosylated human serum albumin (G-HSA), and native human serum albumin (HSA) were studied as a function of pH using the fluorescence method. T4 binding affinity for G-HSA was remarkably reduced in an alkaline pH as compared with the native HSA. The thermodynamic parameters ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.18.154
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in various cells and affect many biological processes. We previously reported that 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (menadione) inhibited Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular medium and exocytosis evoked by antigen stimulation in the mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Mast cells release vari...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.33.881
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a basic study on the prevention of cerebral injury, ajoene (0.5 mg/d) and oil-macerated garlic extract (OMGE, containing 0.5 mg ajoene/d) were administrated to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) among 8 weeks from 9 weeks of age. In the control group, 3 of 10 rats died (30%), whereas all S...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.29.619
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the expression of alpha(2)-adrenergic responses were examined in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The alpha(2)-responses were assessed by the inhibition of the rate of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation by the selective alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, oxymetazoline ...
journal_title:Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1248/bpb.19.518
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00