Abstract:
:Mucin glycoproteins are major constituents of the glycocalyx that covers mucosal epithelium. Two broad classes of mucins exist: membrane-associated and secretory. Of the secreted mucins, those with cysteine-rich regions are thought to polymerize through disulphide bonds. Among these gel-forming mucins are MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and possibly MUC6. MUC7 lacks cysteine-rich domains and is thought to be secreted as a soluble monomer. Incomplete sequence information prevents classification of other mucins. Tandem repeats of amino acids rich in serine, threonine and proline are a common element in mucin core proteins, giving rise to relatively rigid, linear molecules with great potential for glycosylation. Ten distinct mucin genes have been identified in humans so far. Patterns of expression vary greatly. While MUC9, or oviductin, appears to be restricted to oviduct, the transmembrane mucin MUC1 is widely expressed. Proven functions for the different mucins are largely unknown, although potential functions are addressed in this review. Genetic and protein sequence information and expression profiles are also summarized, followed by a description of mucin assembly. Special attention is given to mucin expression in male and female reproductive tracts.
journal_name
Hum Reprod Updatejournal_title
Human reproduction updateauthors
Lagow E,DeSouza MM,Carson DDdoi
10.1093/humupd/5.4.280subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
280-92issue
4eissn
1355-4786issn
1460-2369journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the male genital tract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by spermatozoa and leukocytes including neutrophils and macrophages. ROS are involved in the regulation of sperm functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Infections lead to an excessive ROS production, resulting in an 'oxidative bu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.399
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spermatogenesis culminates in production of one of the most highly differentiated cells in biology, the spermatozoon. The gametes that emerge from the testes are, however, functionally immature and only acquire full functionality once they have completed a process of post-testicular maturation in the epididy...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms009
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin plays a central role in human pregnancy. Maternal insulin sensitivity decreases with advancing gestation in order to provide glucose and possibly other nutrients for feto-placental growth and energy needs. Moreover, alterations of insulin metabolism are clearly involved in the development of gestational diabet...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.6.904
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Induced abortion is a common procedure. However, there is marked variation in accessibility of services across England. Accessing abortion services may be difficult, particularly for women who live in remote areas, are in the second trimester of pregnancy, have complex pre-existing conditions or have difficu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa026
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::At present, the management of non-organ confined prostate cancer, whether it is a recurrence or metastasis, continues to evolve based on prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen and the development of medications as alternatives for the classical orchiectomy, which induced irreversible implications fo...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi004
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term clinical effects of ethinyl estradiol and the impact on environmental safety of the alkylated estrogen components used in combined contraceptive pills remain the subject of debate. The development of improved methods for the use of progestogen-only contraception would represent a viable and desirable opt...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmb025
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ca(2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger which encodes information by temporal and spatial patterns of concentration. In spermatozoa, several key functions, including acrosome reaction and motility, are regulated by cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration. Despite the very small size and apparent structural simplicity ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi050
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amenorrhoea associated with reduced caloric intake and strenuous exercise leads to hypoestrogenism and is associated with clinical manifestations that include disordered eating, stress fractures, osteoporosis, and, as recently reported, a potential increase in the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Disordered e...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh033
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preimplantation embryos are particularly susceptible to in vitro developmental blocks. These could be alleviated by lowering culture medium osmolarity. Because mammalian cells regulate their volumes by adjusting intracellular osmotic pressure, cell volume regulation could be critical to early embryos. METHO...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp045
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the recent development of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 genome editing technology, the possibility to genetically manipulate the human germline (gametes and embryos) has become a distinct technical possibility. Although many technical challenges still need to be...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw005
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The menopausal transition is an area of active clinical investigation and epidemiological research. Recent results from several worldwide cohorts of women are beginning to provide a paradigm by which to explain the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of the ovarian process of follicle attrition. Genetic resear...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.2.155
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an established marker of ovarian reserve and a good predictor of poor or excessive ovarian response after controlled hyperstimulation. However, it is unclear whether it can predict the ultimate outcome of assisted conception, live birth. We undertook a systematic review and me...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu003
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infertility affects ∼7% of all men. Despite much progress, mainly in genetics, its etiology remains obscure in ∼50% of cases. To fill this gap, imaging of the male genital tract (MGT) has progressively expanded, providing useful information in the assessment of MGT abnormalities. METHODS:A critical, systema...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu042
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryopreservation of testicular tissue might benefit prepubertal boys who must undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue and testicular cells for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is feasible and widely applied. Testicular tissue from prepubertal boys can also be frozen, by apply...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.4.378
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homocysteine, a product of the methionine cycle, is known to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and embryology, and in very important, fast growing fields concerning obstetrics and gynaecology. Therefore, we attempted an actual overview on possible obstetrical and gynaecological ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.1.64
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A dynamic balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors contributes to regulating human female reproduction. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been detected in several female reproductive conditions, from anovulation to embryo implantation failure. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a reliable marker of infla...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa012
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian oocytes begin meiosis in the fetal ovary, but only complete it when fertilized in the adult reproductive tract. This review examines the cell biology of this protracted process: from entry of primordial germ cells into meiosis to conception. The defining feature of meiosis is two consecutive cell divisions (...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm043
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a public health viewpoint, the intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used contraceptive method in the world. Prevalence rates range among countries from 2 to 80% of contraceptive users. During 5 years of IUD use, pregnancy occurs in less than 2 per 100 insertions. Bleeding and pain are the most common reas...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn003
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian follicular development occurs in a hierarchical manner with each follicle having a unique biochemical composition at any moment in time. It has long been understood that a precise coordination between the growth and maturation of the oocyte and adjacent follicular cells (i.e. somatic cells) is essential in ord...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh061
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an improvement in the blastocyst rates achieved following in-vitro embryo production that can largely be attributed to improved embryo culture conditions based on an increased knowledge of the in-vivo environment, as well as the metabolic needs of the embryo. Despite this, in-vitro oocyte maturation (IV...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg009
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contraception is one of the keystones of reproductive health. The availability of effective contraception has helped to change dramatically the structure of the world's population during the last 50 years, through a demographic transition involving lower fertility rates and longer survival. As the transition evolves m...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi019
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signals and mechanisms that synchronize the timing of human parturition remain a mystery and a better understanding of these processes is essential to avert adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although our insights into human labor initiation have been informed by studies in animal models, the timing of parturition relati...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw022
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the two pituitary gonadotrophins involved in the regulation of gonadal function. Structurally, this gonadotrophin is a heterodimer composed of two non-covalently associated subunits containing several heterogenous oligosaccharide residues which play an important role in bot...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.3.260
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, i.e. the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, represents an integral part in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies have therefore focused on the anti-angiogenic treatment of the disease. The present review provides a syst...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms026
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examination of fetal cells, specifically erythroblasts, and cell-free fetal DNA from the blood of pregnant women is currently the subject of intense research with the aim of developing new risk-free methods for prenatal diagnosis. An unexpected finding made during these studies was that the traffic of fetal erythr...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.6.501
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transfer of more than a single embryo in an IVF cycle comes with the finite possibility of a multiple gestation. Even a twin pregnancy confers significant risk to both mother and babies. The move to single-embryo transfer for all patients will be greatly facilitated by the ability to quantify embryo viabilit...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu064
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in 1-3% of all couples trying to conceive. No consensus exists regarding when to perform testing for risk factors in couples with RPL. Some guidelines recommend testing if a patient has had two pregnancy losses whereas others advise to test after three losses. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz048
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Activins are members of the pleiotrophic family of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines, initially isolated for their capacity to induce the release of FSH from pituitary extracts. Subsequent research has demonstrated that activins are involved in multiple biological functions...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv058
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the ethical and legal aspects of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have been instituted in European countries. The data were collected from questionnaires circulated to fertility centres in 39 countries in Europe. Ninety six ART centres were located in 30 of these countries. Nine coun...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/3.2.173
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases that catalyze post-translational modifications of proteins. Together, they respond to metabolic challenges, inflammatory signals or hypoxic/oxidative stress, and are associated with aging and longevity. The role of Sirtuins in the regulation of f...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy003
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00