Abstract：
:Together with its companion paper, dealing with the contribution of Luigi Galvani to the history of electrophysiology, this article provides a biographical sketch of the scientist of Bologna in the occasion of the bicentenary of his death. Studies on Galvani have focused mainly on his "discovery" of animal electricity, and on the controversy with Alessandro Volta. Much less is known about Galvani's life and activity as a teacher, physician, and researcher in the fields of comparative anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of life. Yet, a balanced assessment of the significance and the role of Galvani's research in the history of science will be possible only after a historical reconstruction of his entire activity. This should take into account aspects of Galvani's life that have been little studied up to now: Galvani's scientific background, the scientific context in which his interest for muscular physiology arose, the interplay between his activity as a researcher and as a physician, the origin and characteristics of his experimental approach to biological studies, and the development of his experimental research in the crucial period culminating in his electrophysiological explanation of muscular motion. The present article aims at offering a contribution in this direction.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Bresadola Mdoi
10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00023-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-07-15 00:00:00pages
367-80issue
5eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(98)00023-9journal_volume
46pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:Image analysis methods are being developed for measuring the density and distribution of perivascular noradrenergic nerves and their varicosities, demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry. Image analysis is recommended in comparison with other methods for the quantitation of fluorescence, because image resolution i...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90123-x
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex (E.C.) of the rat result in persistent deficits in both spontaneous and reinforced alternation. The present study analyzes the nature of this impairment. To determine if changes in exploratory activity accompanied the deficits in alternation, open field activity was measured ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(77)90023-5
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is associated with uncontrolled diabetes, which indicates a lack of insulin effect, yet the role of the insulin receptor in mediating depression is not clearly established because insulin receptors are not required for glucose entry into the brain. However, insulin receptors are important for brain function...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychoactive drug use occurs in essentially all human societies. A range of disciplines contribute to our understanding of the influence of drugs upon the human world. For example pharmacology and neuroscience analyse biological responses to drugs, sociology examines social influences upon people's decisions to use dr...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mounting clinical and experimental evidence suggests the gut-brain interplay as a novel important paradigm in translational neuroscience, including the critical role for gut microbiota in modulating brain development and behavior, as well as neuroimmune and neuroendocrine responses. Animal models are an indispensable ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.003
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inferior olive neurons, in brain slices maintained in vitro, display spontaneous, continuous oscillations of their membrane potential which are consonant with olivary rhythmic activity seen in vivo. This oscillatory behavior was studied with intracellular electrophysiological techniques. The 3-10 Hz rhythmicity of the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90089-4
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now generally recognized that interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the cytokines that mediate the various nonspecific host defense responses to infectious pathogens. Among its now well-demonstrated effects on systemic administration are fever and acute-phase proteinemia. These effects are also activated by the cytokine...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90185-3
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein-kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous intracellular enzyme, which is implicated in learning and memory mechanisms in the central nervous system, however its contribution to peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission is not well characterized. This study evaluated the impact of CaMKII on...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.12.010
更新日期：2010-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) (I+II) play pivotal roles in metal-related cell homeostasis because of their high affinity for metals forming clusters. The main functional role of MTs is to sequester and/or dispense zinc participating in zinc homeostasis. Consistent with this role, MT gene expression is transcriptionally induc...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00468-3
更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that a low threshold action of norepinephrine (NE) on the cerebellar circuitry is expressed as an amplification of the inhibitory action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Purkinje cell activity. Here we examined the effects of locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation on "off-beam" inhibitions of Purk...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90211-3
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The firing rate of the nerves innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), IBAT and colonic temperatures (TIBAT and Tc), heart rate, and oxygen (O2) consumption were monitored in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. These variables were measured for 40 min before (baseline values) and 40 min after...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)00032-a
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a heterogeneous cerebral insult induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Mitochondria play a critical role in brain bioenergetics, and TBI induces several consequences related with oxidative stress and excitotoxicity clearly demonstrated in different experimental model involv...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.003
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of immunocytochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were employed to study the properties of neurons within the supramammillary (SUM) complex of the rat. The SUM region contains a small, but dense, population of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons. Following injection of th...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90060-3
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Previous research has indicated that Alzheimer's disease impairs white matter (WM) tracts. Anatomical and neuroimaging studies have indicated that WM tracts are associated with cognitive function. Whether the abnormal WM int...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied levels of mRNA for the alpha- and beta-subunits of calmodulin (CaM) kinase II using the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy. There were significant increases in mRNA for the beta-subunit of CaM kinase II in the hippocampus 4-24 h after stage 5-kindled seizures. Moreover, this mRNA was significantly increa...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00022-1
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Songbirds have emerged as extremely important animals for investigating sex steroid hormone effects on the central nervous system. The masculinizing effects of exogenous estrogen on the neural circuits controlling song in female zebra finches are well documented. There is evidence that estrogens are necessary for the ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00215-3
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of methionine enkephalin (ICV) to rats for 5 days resulted in the development of physical dependence as exemplified by a hypothermic response which peaked 2-8 hours after initiation of withdrawal. Twenty-four hours post-withdrawal, opioid receptor binding was determined in the striatum using a selective...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90123-1
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When applied by iontophoresis onto single sympathetic preganglionic neurones in the intermediolateral nucleus of segments T1-T3 in the cat, oxytocin and vasopressin each had an excitatory effect. This effect consisted of a prolonged (30-300 sec) after-discharge following termination of application. These results indic...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90201-6
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the ring dove was demonstrated by the presence of labeled retinal processes. Horseradish peroxidase or tritiated proline were injected into the vitreous of the eye and were transported in an anterograde manner to label the SCN. After identifying the retinorecipient are...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90040-0
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously identified the neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in nerve fibers of the immature rat ovary and showed that it stimulates steroid release by a mechanism involving increased synthesis of the components of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex. The present experiments we...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90077-4
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An inexpensive multielectrode voltammetry system designed for in vivo neurochemical studies of the awake, unanesthetized primate has been developed. Consisting of an Apple II Plus microcomputer, parallel operational amplifier circuitry for six working electrodes, and commercially available interface boards, the system...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90097-7
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated alterations in the dopamine (DA) system after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Additionally, the existence of significant sex-related differences in the dopaminergic system has long been recognized. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether TBI would differ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.010
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous levels of Aspartic acid, GABA and Glutamic acid plus Glutamine were measured in the frontal, occipital, temporal and parietal cortex. Aspartic acid levels were found higher in the frontal cortex than in the rest of the cortical areas studied. GABA, however, had a homogenous distribution among all cortical a...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90142-4
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public-health problem for which mild TBI (MTBI) makes up majority of the cases. MTBI is a poorly-understood health problem and can persist for years manifesting into neurological and non-neurological problems that can affect functional outcome. Presently, diagnosis of MTBI is ba...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.007
更新日期：2012-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The vestibular nuclei and posterior cerebellum are the destination of vestibular primary afferents and the subject of this review. The vestibular nuclei include four major nuclei (medial, descending, superior and lateral). In addition, smaller vestibular nuclei include: Y-group, parasolitary nucleus, and nucleus inter...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00055-8
更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Observation of people performing movements facilitates motor planning, execution and memory formation. Tempo, a crucial aspect involved in the execution of rhythmic movements, is normally perceived and learned through auditory channels. In this work, we ascertained whether: first, the frequency of self-paced finger mo...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.04.008
更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Although interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine, the specific mechanisms underlying the role of its cognate receptor, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) in peripheral sensitization remain to be investigated. Since emerging evidence in the literature indicates that IL-1β can modulate membran...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.019
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effects of the presence of the mutated human presenilin 1 gene (M146L; hps1*) on lesion-induced sprouting in the hippocampus of the mouse (C57/CBA). The entorhinal cortex was unilaterally lesioned with ibotenic acid in adult, male mice. Four weeks later the subsequent axonal sprouting in the denta...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00751-1
更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical studies have demonstrated that peptides such as the encephalitogenic (EAE) peptide of myelin basic protein (MBP) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) can bind serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in vitro. The present research was undertaken to determine whether such binding interferes with 5-HT ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90176-z
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel cholinergic immunotoxin (conjugate of the monoclonal antibody 192IgG against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor with the cytotoxin saporin) producing selective lesions of cholinergic neurons in rat basal forebrain was applied to study its effect on hippocampal and cerebral cortical cholinergic neuro...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)02002-9
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
