Abstract：
:Since the second decade of this century it has been known that opiates can influence ingestive behaviors. Generally, opioid agents enhance feeding and opioid antagonists decrease feeding. The present paper reviews the responsiveness of different animal species to opiates in relation to ingestive behaviors, the opioid receptors involved in such consummatory behaviors, the site of action of opioid modulation of feeding, the role of glucose in opioid induced feeding, and endocrine effects on opioid feeding systems. We emphasize the finding that more than one opioid receptor is involved in the modulation of feeding. A large body of evidence indicates a major role for the dynorphin/alpha-neo-endorphin kappa opioid receptor as one of the receptors involved in feeding modulation. Opioids appear to exert their effect predominantly within the central nervous system, though peripheral effects on taste and gastrointestinal function may play a role in opioid-induced feeding. Although opioid blockade acutely blocks food intake, chronic administration of opiate antagonists to humans and laboratory animals has not proven to be an effective means of decreasing body weight. Chronic opiate administration decreases body weight and autosensitization of beta-endorphin increases body weight. Thus, although it is clear that opioids can effect food intake, it is not clear what effect chronic administration of opioids has no food intake or body weight.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Levine AS,Morley JE,Gosnell BA,Billington CJ,Bartness TJdoi
10.1016/0361-9230(85)90116-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-06-01 00:00:00pages
663-72issue
6eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
0361-9230(85)90116-9journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Neuronal cell bodies in the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (MTN) were labeled with WGA-HRP which was injected ipsilaterally into the occipital cortex in the rat. We suggest that the label was first transported anterogradely to the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract, then moved transneuronally ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(87)90043-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested for the presence of androgen receptor-immunoreactivity in somatostatin, galanin, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and oxytocin neurons in the rat forebrain. The brains of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Androgen receptor was visualized in coronal secti...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90117-1
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied mitochondria in the satellite cell sheaths which envelope the spinal ganglion neurons of rabbits aged 12, 42, and 79 months. While the mean cytoplasmic volume of satellite cell sheaths did not change significantly with age, the mean percentage of cytoplasmic volume occupied by mitochondria decreased with ag...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00101-1
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Unit responses to chorda tympani stimulation in urethane anesthetized rats were characterized by response latency and frequency following ability. One hundred and fifty one units responded with constant latencies, mean: 16.9 msec, S.D.: 7.8 msec. Responses recorded from within the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) had...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90213-7
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent investigations of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) have attempted to identify motoneurons associated with the branchiomeric muscles of the larynx and pharynx. However, relatively little attention has been directed to the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) which is critical in respiration, deglutition and eustachian tu...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90165-x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats with chronic hippocampal electrode implants had afterdischarges induced with electrical stimulus intensities of 115, 200, and 800% of a previously determined threshold. Afterdischarge duration, postictal EEG depression duration, and the duration of postictal electrical hypoexcitability were assessed. After discha...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(80)90254-3
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (LI) nerve cells and terminals (BST) was studied in the rat. Only the fusiform nucleus was found to consistently contain CGRP-LI neurons. The CRGP-LI terminals had a wide distribution in the BST, being most numerous in the oval and the fusi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90036-j
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The susceptibility of the developing brain to hypoxia should depend on the lipid composition of the brain cell membrane; the rate of lipid peroxidation; the presence of antioxidant defenses; and the development and modulation of the excitatory neurotransmitter receptors such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00170-1
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Massively obese males often show symptoms of hypogonadism, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Increased endogenous opioid inhibition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator resulting in insufficient stimulation of the pituitary gonadotroph has been proposed as a possible mechanism. If this hypothesis is correct, ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90142-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is the lysosome-mediated bulk degradation of cellular components for material recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy was initially regarded as a nonselective process, however, recent evidence indicates that this process can in fact be highly selective, especially for targeting and degrading or...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.009
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Previous research has indicated that Alzheimer's disease impairs white matter (WM) tracts. Anatomical and neuroimaging studies have indicated that WM tracts are associated with cognitive function. Whether the abnormal WM int...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice selected for differences in nest-building behavior differ in the number of arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Although previous efforts to link AVP-immunoreactive neurons in the SCN to clock function have failed, we show that differences in several circadian par...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90164-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, cellular tropism and relative transduction efficiency of AAV2/6, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 vectors have been tested for the cornea using primary cultures of human corneal fibroblasts. The AAV6, AAV8 and AAV9 serotypes having AAV2 ITR plasmid encoding for alkaline phosphatase (AP) gene were generated by t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.07.005
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fos and other immediate early gene products are used as markers for neuronal activity. We identified Fos immunocytochemically after KCI-induced depolarization of cultured hypothalamic neurons. Five-day cultures were treated for 1 h with 50 mM KCI or media and fixed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h posttreatment. Sequential im...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)00220-u
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known that the pituitary-adrenal responses to lipopolysaccharide and interleukin (IL)-1 are sexually dimorphic in rodents, with females having an enhanced secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone. This study investigated whether the ACTH and corticosterone responses to tumor necrosis factor (TN...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00735-3
更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether neurons versus fibers of passage in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) are essential in maintaining self-stimulation of this same area of the brain was examined. Rats were prepared with electrode-guide cannulae implanted stereotaxically to rest within MPC. A micro-injection of (KA), 10 nmol/1.0...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90141-8
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a unilateral lesion made on the right or left side of the preoptic area (POA) or anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) made on each day of the estrous cycle, were analyzed. Ovulation rate decreased among the animals with a lesion performed on the day of estrous on the right side of POA (1/7 vs. 7/7, p < 0.05...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90230-5
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional interactions between the basal ganglia and the perioral area were analyzed by means of electrical brain stimulation in the rat. The first experiment showed that unilateral stimulation of the substantia nigra sensitized the contralateral perioral area for a biting reflex upon its tactile stimulation. This bi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90241-b
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a low protein diet during gestation, lactation, and after weaning on the anatomical development of a subcortical nucleate formation, the neostriatum, and a reticulate formation, the diagonal band of Broca, were studied. At 10, 30, and 90 days the volume of the neostriatum was decreased in the experiment...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(78)90073-4
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first report of quantitative autoradiography results showing sex differences of GABAA receptor levels in brain regions of a wild rodent (wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus) living in its natural habitat. The labeling of this GABAergic site with its specific high affinity radioligand [3H] muscimol provided a h...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00034-2
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal hippocampal lesions in rats produce behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities post-puberty that are used in animal models for developmentally linked pathology in schizophrenia. In one model, adult rats exhibit enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor-activating effects of amphetamine, if they had sustained exci...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00492-0
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of regucalcin, a Ca(2+)-binding protein, on Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity in the brain cytosol of rats with different ages (5 and 50 weeks old) was investigated. The addition of calmodulin (10 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture caused a significant incre...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00184-7
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of the evidence that approximately 45% of Schaffer collateral boutons are zinc-positive, zinc release from Schaffer collaterals and its action were examined in hippocampal slices. When zinc release from Schaffer collaterals was examined using ZnAF-2, a membrane-impermeable zinc indicator, ZnAF-2 signal in...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.10.001
更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A modified synaptosomal superfusion apparatus is described which uses less than 10 micrograms of tissue per replicate sample and facilitates the routine separation of 3H-DA, 3H-DOPAC, and 3H-HVA. A flow rate of 1.5 ml/min allows superfusion without the use of reuptake or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Superfusate sampl...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90232-o
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) portions of the LHRH precursor were localized by immunocytochemistry in prepubertal female rats, in adult female rats at different stages of the estrous cycle, and in ovariectomized rats. Our results indicate t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90082-2
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the central nervous system form highly organized ECM structures around cell somata, axon initial segments, and synapses and play prominent roles in early development by guiding cell migration, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, and by regulating closure of the critical period...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.003
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Constant light exposure (LL) can result in "splitting" of circadian rhythms into two components coupled about 12 hr apart. Splitting has been interpreted as evidence for the presence of two main oscillators or groups of oscillators underlying circadian rhythms. Abolition of splitting after unilateral suprachiasmatic n...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90164-u
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results using radial mazes suggest rats may have a greater short-term memory (STM) capacity than the human "magical number seven." We examined spatial STM in humans using a radial maze analog drawn on paper. Subjects were instructed to lift, in "random" order, each of 17 cardboard flaps arranged radially around a cent...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90058-j
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore the unified and disease specific structural features of the brain in patients spanning six mental disorders who experience own-thought auditory verbal hallucinations (OTAVH). METHODS:A pilot study was conducted on 25 patients with schizophrenia (FUSCH-OTAVH), 20 patients with major depression diso...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.001
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of gender and stage of the estrous cycle on the levels of acetylcholine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the hippocampus and on the susceptibility of the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway to the neurotoxic effect of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) was investigated in the rat. Levels of acetylcholine...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90019-8
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
