Abstract:
:The mammalian host response to infection includes the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides from phagocytes and epithelial cells. Protegrins, a group of broadly microbicidal peptides isolated originally from porcine neutrophil lysates, were found to be stored as inactive proforms in porcine neutrophil granules but could be activated extracellularly by neutrophil elastase. We assessed the biological role of protegrins and other elastase-activated polypeptides in the microbicidal activity of neutrophil secretions and inflammatory fluids. When stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), neutrophils generated stable microbicidal activity against both Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes under normal-salt conditions and in the presence of 0 to 10% serum. The generation of these antimicrobial substances was dependent on neutrophil elastase, since it was inhibited by 1 mM N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val chloromethyl ketone when it was present during activation, but not when this inhibitor was added afterwards. However, elastase-dependent activation of proprotegrins to protegrins in PMA-stimulated neutrophils was not inhibited by the presence of 1 to 2% serum. Porcine neutrophils also released antibacterial activity during phagocytosis of latex beads, and this too was dependent in large part on elastase-activated polypeptides, including protegrins. Moreover, protegrins were found at bactericidal concentrations in cell-free abscess fluid from naturally infected pigs. Taken together, these studies show that protegrins and other elastase-activated polypeptides are important stable antibacterial factors in porcine neutrophil secretions. The potential host defense role of elastase as an activating enzyme for the precursors of microbicidal peptides must be taken into account when therapeutic inhibitors of neutrophil elastase are evaluated for clinical use as anti-inflammatory agents.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Shi J,Ganz Tdoi
10.1128/IAI.66.8.3611-3617.1998subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
3611-7issue
8eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The antibacterial properties of lysozyme were investigated with oral microorganisms representing the seven serotypes (a through g) of Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella alcalescens, and the virulent (V) and avirulent (AV) strains of Actinomyces viscosus T14. Growth of bacteria in defined medium was monitored spectropho...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pertussis toxin is secreted from Bordetella pertussis with the assistance of the Ptl transport system, a member of the type IV family of macromolecular transporters. The S1 subunit and the B oligomer combine to form the holotoxin prior to export from the bacterial cell, although the site of assembly is not known. To b...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.3.1193-1201.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibody WM-25 inhibited the in vitro growth of 13 F38 isolates from goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia but not 7 heterologous mycoplasma isolates representing four different species. In contrast to results with polyclonal antisera, growth inhibition by monoclonal antibody WM-25 was specific for ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.12.3219-3220.1987
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella is a widespread zoonotic enteropathogen that causes gastroenteritis and fatal typhoidal disease in mammals. During systemic infection of mice, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resides and replicates in macrophages within the "Salmonella-containing vacuole" (SCV). It is surprising that the substrates ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00093-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selC tRNA gene is a common site for the insertion of pathogenicity islands in a variety of bacterial enteric pathogens. We demonstrate here that Escherichia coli that produces Shiga toxin 2d and does not harbor the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) contains, instead, a novel genomic island. In one representativ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.11.6863-6873.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic strains of Yersinia spp. inject a set of Yop effector proteins into eukaryotic cells by using a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system. In this study, we analyzed the inflammatory response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after infection with different Yersinia enterocolitica strains. W...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.7.3510-3520.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identified, by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis and microsequencing, a protein of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies which corresponds to the polypeptide (pgp3) encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3). Amino acid analysis showed that the first residue (Gly) found in the native protein is the one encoded...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.12.5491-5497.1994
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody responses against proteins located on the surface or in the apical organelles of merozoites are presumed to be important components of naturally acquired protective immune responses against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. However, many merozoite antigens are highly polymorphic, and antibodies indu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.1.422-430.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) contributes to Escherichia coli K1 invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and interacts with the receptor on the surface of HBMEC. CNF1 is the cytoplasmic protein, and it remains incompletely understood how CNF1 is secreted across...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00674-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rickettsia rickettsii and R. australis formed infectious antibody complexes when reacted with homologous convalescent serum. The addition of antiglobulin to these complexes showed neutralization of plaques proportional to the concentration of rickettsial immune serum. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.9.5.966-968.1974
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming bacterium that can reside in animals and humans. C. difficile infection causes a variety of clinical symptoms, ranging from diarrhea to fulminant colitis. Disease is mediated by TcdA and TcdB, two large enterotoxins released by C. difficile during colonization of the gut. In th...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01341-12
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae O1 bacteria harvested directly from ligated or nonligated intestines of rabbits with experimental cholera expressed at least 7 to 8 novel, in vivo-specific cell envelope (env) proteins that were not found on vibrios after in vitro culture in various ordinary liquid media. At the same time, several of t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.6.1809-1815.1989
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Random minitransposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes involved in the survival of Bordetella bronchiseptica within eukaryotic cells. One of the mutants which exhibited a reduced ability to survive intracellularly harbored a minitransposon insertion in a locus (ris) which displays a high degree of homology to tw...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.10.4640-4650.1998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enterotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae I produces fluid and electrolyte secretion in the rabbit ileum. These present studies were designed to evaluate nonelectrolyte transport in rabbit ileal mucosa exposed to Shigella enterotoxin. Both 10 mM galactose and 5 mM L-alanine absorptions were significantly impaired in ent...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.16.2.510-512.1977
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humoral immunity does not play a prominent role during experimental cryptococcosis. However, previous studies have shown that immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibodies can mediate cell-dependent yeast killing in vitro. Therefore, the protective effect of a previously described monoclonal IgG1 anti...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.3.749-752.1987
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Representative strains of oral streptococci were tested for Fc immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity by two different techniques, agglutination of rabbit-IgG sensitized sheep erythrocytes and uptake of human and rabbit 125I-radiolabeled IgG. None of the S. mutans serotypes a through e reacted with the Fc region of either ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.34.3.851-855.1981
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The character of the antibody response in the rabbit to Salmonella typhimurium somatic (O) antigen was similar to the response to each of several serotypes of Shigella flexneri O antigens, namely a predominance of production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. Lipopolysaccharide protein (LPSP) and lipopolysaccharide (...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the ability of using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against anthrax protective antigen (PA), an anthrax exotoxin component, to modulate exotoxin cytotoxic activity on target macrophage cell lines. Anthrax PA plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis infection. PA is the cell-binding...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.6.3276-3283.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::B-cell-deficient mice were prepared by administration of rabbit anti-mouse-mu antiserum to newborn animals within 12 h of birth onwards. Such immunodeficient animals, along with the normal controls, were infected intravenously with Cryptococcus neoformans. There was no difference in the mortality pattern, viable count...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.26.1.1-3.1979
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of murine Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4, respectively) to cytokine induction by heat-killed bacteria was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Gram-negative bacteria induced cytokines primarily via TLR4; the contribution of TLR2 was only minor. Neither TLR4 nor, surprisingly, TLR2 was required in ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.10.6058-6062.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously demonstrated that avirulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R(high) (passage 164) is lacking three proteins that are expressed in its virulent progenitor, strain R(low) (passage 15). These proteins were identified as the cytadhesin molecule GapA, the putative cytadhesin-related molecule CrmA, and a c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.12.6839-6845.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ers has been qualified as the PrfA-like transcriptional regulator of Enterococcus faecalis. In a previous study we reported that Ers is important for the survival within macrophages of this opportunist pathogenic bacterium. In the present work we have used proteomic and microarray expression profiling of E. faecalis J...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00161-08
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the susceptibilities of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs) to human defensin HNP-2 and porcine protegrin PG-1, cysteine-rich beta-sheet antimicrobial peptides produced by mammalian leukocytes. Although both peptides protected McCoy cell monolayers from infection by chlamydial EBs, protegrins wer...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.3.709-713.1996
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adherence of 58 nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates obtained from patients with otitis media or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obtained from the throats of healthy individuals to Chang and NCI-H292 epithelial cells was compared. Otitis media isolates, but not COPD isolates, adhered signif...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.8.4658-4665.2000
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to plan for the wide-scale introduction of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine for United Kingdom children up to 18 years old, phase II trials were undertaken to investigate whether there was any interaction between MCC vaccines conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or a derivative of diphtheria toxin (CRM(19...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.9.4946-4954.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative roles of serum factors required for opsonization of type XIV Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated by means of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), bactericidal, and immunofluorescence assays employing adult sera containing high (>1,000 ng of antibody nitrogen per ml) or low (<200 ng of antibody ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.35.3.800-808.1982
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria meningitidis crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor by the type IV pili (TFP). Two components of the type IV pili recruit the β2-adrenergic receptor, the major pilin PilE and the minor pilin PilV. Here, we report that a strain deleted of PilX, one of the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00369-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunization with avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain SL3235, a smooth, aroA- derivative, was shown to induce high levels of resistance to challenge with virulent S. typhimurium in innately hypersusceptible C3H/HeJ mice and inherently resistant C3H/HeNCrlBR mice. Strain SL3235 is one of a class of avirulent aroA- ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.47.3.605-612.1985
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio cholerae is a monoflagellated gram-negative bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. In contrast to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, which is accompanied by both acute diarrhea and high-level inflammation, V. cholerae infection is largely noninflammatory in human hosts. Bact...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00736-07
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutralizing antibodies were raised in mice that had been inoculated repeatedly with moderate quantities of human leukocyte interferon highly purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized anti-interferon globulins. Interferon preparations of lesser purity sensitized the mice to subsequent inoculations of interfer...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.2.570-574.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00