Escherichia coli rho factor induces release of yeast RNA polymerase II but not polymerase I or III.

abstract：:Activation of the c-abl protooncogene occurs in Abelson murine leukemia virus, in Hardy-Zuckerman 2 feline sarcoma virus, and during the chromosomal translocations that generate BCR-ABL gene fusion products. To study the molecular mechanism involved in the c-abl activation, we have created a series of modifications in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shore SK,Bogart SL,Reddy EP

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amber suppressor tRNA genes were constructed by site-specific mutagenesis of the anticodons of human lysine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Lys)) and glutamine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Gln)) genes, and a Xenopus laevis tyrosine-inserting tRNA (tRNA(Tyr)) gene. As previous in vitro studies in prokaryotes have shown that substitution ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ho YS,Kan YW

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that supports the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic-lineage progenitors. By using growth factor-dependent cell lines, IL-3 has been shown to induce the appearance of several phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, including a 140-kDa cell surfac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Isfort RJ,Stevens D,May WS,Ihle JN

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertically transmitted symbionts that protect their hosts against parasites and pathogens are well known from insects, yet the underlying mechanisms of symbiont-mediated defense are largely unclear. A striking example of an ecologically important defensive symbiosis involves the woodland fly Drosophila neotestacea, wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamilton PT,Peng F,Boulanger MJ,Perlman SJ

更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of cultured cells with lytic animal viruses often results in the selective inhibition of host protein synthesis, whereas viral mRNA is efficiently translated under these circumstances. This phenomenon, known as "shut off," has been well described at the molecular level for some viruses, but there is not yet ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toribio R,Ventoso I

更新日期：2010-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) has several putative roles in metal detoxification, in Zn and Cu homeostasis, in scavenging free radicals, and in the acute phase response. Mice of mixed 129/Ola and C57BL/6J background with targeted disruption of MT-I and MT-II genes are more sensitive to toxic metals and oxidative stress. We not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beattie JH,Wood AM,Newman AM,Bremner I,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Duncan JS,Trayhurn P

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxins are small multifunctional redox active proteins widely if not universally distributed among living organisms. In chloroplasts, two types of thioredoxins (f and m) coexist and play central roles in regulating enzyme activity. Reduction of thioredoxins in chloroplasts is catalyzed by an iron-sulfur disulfid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balmer Y,Koller A,del Val G,Manieri W,Schürmann P,Buchanan BB

更新日期：2003-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells (PCC) have an exceptional propensity to metastasize early into intratumoral, chemokine-secreting nerves. However, we hypothesized the opposite process, that precancerous pancreatic cells secrete chemokines that chemoattract Schwann cells (SC) of nerves and thus induce read...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Demir IE,Kujundzic K,Pfitzinger PL,Saricaoglu ÖC,Teller S,Kehl T,Reyes CM,Ertl LS,Miao Z,Schall TJ,Tieftrunk E,Haller B,Diakopoulos KN,Kurkowski MU,Lesina M,Krüger A,Algül H,Friess H,Ceyhan GO

更新日期：2017-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Spo11 and the Rad50-Mre11 complex have been indirectly implicated in processes associated with DNA replication. These proteins also have been shown to have early meiotic roles essential for the formation of a programmed DNA double-strand break known in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to initiate meiotic recombination. In bot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merino ST,Cummings WJ,Acharya SN,Zolan ME

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Leucine analogs were tested in the Krebs II ascites cell-free translation system for the ability to inhibit preprotein cleavage by replacing leucine in nascent chains of bovine preprolactin, rat preprolactin, human placental prelactogen (pre-hPL), and pre-alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG). In t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hortin G,Boime I

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic analysis of Parkinson disease (PD) has identified several genes whose mutation causes inherited parkinsonism, as well as risk loci for sporadic PD. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin, linked to autosomal recessive PD, act in a common genetic pathway regulating the autophagic degradation of mitochondria, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ivatt RM,Sanchez-Martinez A,Godena VK,Brown S,Ziviani E,Whitworth AJ

更新日期：2014-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Biogenesis of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) takes place in nuclear dicing bodies (D-bodies), where the ribonulease III-type enzyme Dicer-like 1 (DCL1) processes primary transcripts of miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) into miRNA/miRNA* (*, passenger strand) duplexes from either base-to-loop or loop-to-base directions. Hyponastic Leaves ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao S,Wang J,Jiang N,Zhang S,Wang Y,Zhang J,Li N,Fang Y,Yang L,Chen S,Yan B,Huang T,Kuai B,Wang Y,Chang F,Ren G

更新日期：2020-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro DNA synthesis was studied in HeLa cell nuclei, with emphasis on the question of whether newly replicated DNA is associated with nucleosomes. The newly replicated DNA was twice as sensitive to digestion by micrococcal nuclease as mature chromatin DNA, reaching a limit digest at 20-25% acid-insoluble product. E...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seale RL

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The seventh cholera pandemic caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor (ET) has been superseded in Asia and Africa by altered ET possessing the cholera toxin (CTX) gene of classical (CL) biotype. The CL biotype of V. cholerae was isolated, along with prototypic and altered ET, during the 1991 cholera epidemic in Mexico and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alam M,Rashed SM,Mannan SB,Islam T,Lizarraga-Partida ML,Delgado G,Morales-Espinosa R,Mendez JL,Navarro A,Watanabe H,Ohnishi M,Hasan NA,Huq A,Sack RB,Colwell RR,Cravioto A

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A minimalist Cys2His2 zinc finger peptide, Lys-Tyr-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala- Ala-His-Ala-Ala-Ala-His-Ala-Lys, has been synthesized. Metal binding studies using Co2+ as a probe indicated that this peptide forms a 1:1 peptide/metal complex with a dissociation constant comparable to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michael SF,Kilfoil VJ,Schmidt MH,Amann BT,Berg JM

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of catalytic amounts of optically active dipyridylphosphine and CuF(2) along with hydride donor PhSiH(3) generated in situ a remarkably reactive catalyst system (substrate-to-ligand molar ratio up to 100,000) for the highly enantioselective hydrosilylation of a broad spectrum of aryl alkyl ketones (up ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Ji JX,Chan AS

更新日期：2005-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The subcellular localization of Ocrl, the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that is mutated in Lowe syndrome, was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Ocrl was localized to endosomes and Golgi membranes along with clathrin, giantin, the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, transferrin, and the early endosomal antigen ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ungewickell A,Ward ME,Ungewickell E,Majerus PW

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a combined thermodynamic and structural characterization of a DNA tetraplex. Using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques, we demonstrate that d(TG3T) and d(TG3T2G3T), in the presence of K+, form stable tetramolecular complexes. From differential scanning calorimetry measurements, we obtain the following ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin R,Gaffney BL,Wang C,Jones RA,Breslauer KJ

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors requires both glutamate binding and the binding of an endogenous coagonist that has been presumed to be glycine, although D-serine is a more potent agonist. Localizations of D-serine and it biosynthetic enzyme serine racemase approximate the distribution of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mothet JP,Parent AT,Wolosker H,Brady RO Jr,Linden DJ,Ferris CD,Rogawski MA,Snyder SH

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate two kinds of visual stimuli that exhibit motion in one direction when viewed from near and in the opposite direction from afar. These striking reversals occur because each kind of stimulus is constructed to simultaneously activate two different mechanisms: a short-range mechanism that computes motion fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chubb C,Sperling G

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymidine analog fialuridine deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) was toxic in trials for chronic hepatitis B infection. One mechanism postulated that defective mtDNA replication was mediated through inhibition of DNA polymerase-gamma (DNA pol-gamma), by FIAU triphosphate (FIALTP) or by trip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis W,Levine ES,Griniuviene B,Tankersley KO,Colacino JM,Sommadossi JP,Watanabe KA,Perrino FW

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The IL-2R gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2Rs, playing critical roles for ligand binding and internalization. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated that IL-2R gamma mutation results in X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans, suggesti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cao X,Kozak CA,Liu YJ,Noguchi M,O'Connell E,Leonard WJ

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ritz upper bound to eigenvalues of Hermitian operators is essential for many applications in science. It is a staple of quantum chemistry and physics computations. The lower bound devised by Temple in 1928 [G. Temple, Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 119, 276-293 (1928)] is not, since it converges too slowly....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martinazzo R,Pollak E

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We lack a clear understanding of the enzootic maintenance of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague and the sporadic epizootics that occur in its natural rodent hosts. A key to elucidating these epidemiological dynamics is determining the dominant transmission routes of plague. Plague can be acquired from ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webb CT,Brooks CP,Gage KL,Antolin MF

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A cloned segment of yeast DNA containing the structural gene for imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (D-erythro-imidazoleglycerolphosphate hydro-lase, EC 4.2.1.19) is transcribed and translated in Escherichia coli with sufficient fidelity to produce functional enzyme. This segment of yeast DNA was isolated as a via...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Struhl K,Davis RW

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy were used to image the uptake of the protein lysozyme into individual ion exchange chromatography particles in a packed bed in real time. Self-sharpening concentration fronts penetrating into the particles were observed at low salt conce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dziennik SR,Belcher EB,Barker GA,DeBergalis MJ,Fernandez SE,Lenhoff AM

更新日期：2003-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways transduce a variety of signals related to cell growth. Here, we report that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells expre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tang DG,Chen YQ,Honn KV

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Many changes have been described in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, including loss of neurons and formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies are unclear. Northern blot, dot-blot, and reverse transcription-coupled PCR analyses have dem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow N,Cox C,Callahan LM,Weimer JM,Guo L,Coleman PD

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATM gene is mutated in the syndrome of ataxia telangiectasia (AT), associated with neurologic dysfunction, growth abnormalities, and extreme radiosensitivity. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a cell surface receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that can mediate mitogenesis, cell transformation, a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peretz S,Jensen R,Baserga R,Glazer PM

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:It is shown that, under certain standard assumptions, such as extended Riemann hypotheses, the scattering matrix varphi(s) for generic Gamma

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deshouillers JM,Iwaniec H,Phillips RS,Sarnak P

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00