Abstract:
:Exposure to formaldehyde is common from both consumer products and industry. The reliability of the patch test is essential for the diagnosis of formaldehyde allergy as it is difficult to suspect from the patient's history. The recommended formaldehyde patch test concentration has been reduced over the last decades from 4-5% to 2% and is currently 1%. The changes have not been based upon formal studies, but driven by an intention to reduce irritancy and false-positive results. The aim of the present study was prospectively to compare the outcome of simultaneous testing with formaldehyde 1% and 2% in consecutively patch-tested patients, with respect to frequency of positive patch test reactions, strength of patch test reactions to different formaldehyde test concentrations, irritancy and relevance. The study included 3734 consecutively patch tested patients. 121 gave a positive reaction to 1% and/or 2% formaldehyde in water. There was no statistically significant difference between 1 and 2% with respect to allergic reactions, but 2% gave significantly more irritant reactions. Doubtful, positive and follicular reactions at day (D) 2 frequently developed into true positive reactions at D 3 to 4. Reading at D 7 gave few additional positive cases compared to D 3/4. Problems related to relevance are discussed. Based on present knowledge, a 1% patch test concentration for formaldehyde is recommended.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Trattner A,Johansen JD,Menné Tdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05630.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
9-13issue
1eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We showed earlier that most patients with contact dermatitis due to corticosteroids show cross-reactions when patch tested with hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (H-17-B). To test whether H-17-B could be used for detecting topical corticosteroid allergy, we screened patients undergoing routine patch testing with H-17-B. Pati...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04729.x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins (PFRs) based on phenol and formaldehyde is not detected by a p-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) included in most baseline patch test series. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the rate of contact allergy to PFR-2 (a mixture of monomers and dimers from a ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01921.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Colophonium is a common contact allergen that is present not only in household products but also in occupational settings. OBJECTIVES:To describe the sources of occupational exposure to colophonium and the occupations at risk of colophonium allergy. METHODS:We reviewed patch test files from the years 2002 ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.13114
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of surface-bound immunoglobulin E by dendritic cells within cutaneous tissue has been compared in atopic and contact dermatitis. 45 patients were recruited into 4 groups using clinical criteria and patch testing to a standard series of allergens: atopic (12 cases), allergic contact dermatitis (14 cases)...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01799.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foot eczema often occurs in combination with hand eczema. However, in contrast to the situation with hand eczema, knowledge about foot eczema is scarce, especially in occupational settings. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prevalence of foot eczema and associated factors in patients with hand eczema taking part in...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12370
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of triphenyl phosphate allergy from spectacle frames is reported. Patch tests with analytical grade triphenyl phosphate, tri-m-cresyl phosphate, and tri-p-cresyl phosphate in the concentrations 5%, 0.5% and 0.05% pet. showed positive reactions to 0.05% triphenyl phosphate and 0.5% tri-m-cresyl phosphate, but no...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01367.x
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two cases, occupational contact dermatitis was found to be due to chicory (Cichorium) used as a salad plant. In one of the two cases, contact sensitivity to letuce (Lactuca) was also observed. The sesquiterpene lactones of the plant may be the allergens. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05444.x
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:On skin contact, nickel accumulates in the stratum corneum, where it is probably bound to proteins and amino acids. One probable contributor is filaggrin, which binds nickel avidly. Filaggrin gene (FLG) null mutations lead to a complete lack of filaggrin production from the affected allele, and have been ass...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12228
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient was found to have a delayed positive patch test to hydrocortisone on multiple testing. This proved to be due to a photoallergy with an action spectrum in the UV-A range. The patient coincidently had a polymorphous light eruption in the UV-B range. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03845.x
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pigs were sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by the intracutaneous route and challenged epicutaneously on the flanks. The intensity of the allergic contact dermatitis was evaluated by inspection and palpation as well as by wet weight determination. With the purpose of diminishing tissue neuropeptides, an...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01626.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patch testing with various metal salts was performed in patients with oral mucosal lesions associated with amalgam restorations, by using polypropylene-coated aluminium discs. Positive reactions to mercuric chloride were obtained in 5/12 (42%) of these patients, but only in 1/11 patients (9%) with oral mucosal lesions...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05245.x
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants from the Verbenaceae family may cause contact dermatitis of unknown nature. This report describes 2 cases of allergic reactions to the Verbena species. A teenage boy developed an anaphylactic allergic response following contact with the leaves of Verbena hybrida. Characterization of the patient's specific IgE r...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02049.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Danish Twin Register represents a population-based twin sample where the twins enter the Register independently of disease. All female twins born between 1906-30 and available in the Register in January 1978 were sent a questionnaire concerning possible nickel sensitivity. Among 746 pairs living in the eastern par...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04393.x
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 5-year period, 3664 consecutive patients were patch tested in a private dermatology practice with the Standard Series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). 454 of these were tested with one or more additional substances which were suspected of having caused their dermatitis. 194 of t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04396.x
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A relationship between sensitivity to poison oak or poison ivy and mango dermatitis has been suggested by previous publications. The observation that acute allergic contact dermatitis can arise on first exposure to mango in patients who have been sensitized beforehand by contact with other urushiol-containing plants h...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00454.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a multicentre study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 0.25% and 0.5% aq. has been added to routine allergen patch tests to assess its properties as a convenient diagnostic indicator of individual susceptibility to irritation at the time of patch testing. Previous studies i...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00458.x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitization to olive oil is seldom reported in the literature. By use of epicutaneous tests a delayed type of hypersensitivity to pure freshly-prepared olive oil could be demonstrated in two patients. Patch tests with certain major constituents of olive oil; the methyl ester of linoleic acid, the glyceryl ester of p...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04086.x
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lavender is commonly used in aromatherapy and in a broad range of personal and household products. It has been identified as a contact sensitizer, and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVES:To report our experience with contact allergy and ACD caused by lavender, and to rai...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.13247
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) has been one of the most frequent sensitizers since the 1980s. In 2005, the use of MI alone was approved for the preservation of cosmetic and household products in the EU. Before that, MI was used in industrial products, and the first cases of isolat...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01774.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nickel Directive will become law in the countries of the European Union in 1996. This directive states that the concentration of nickel in post assemblies (used after ear piercing) may not exceed 0.05%, that products which come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin, e.g. earrings, watchstraps or zippers,...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02386.x
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Red tattoos are prone to allergic reactions. The identity of the allergen(s) is mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES:Chemical analysis of human skin biopsies from chronic allergic reactions in red tattoos to identify culprit pigment(s) and metals. MATERIAL AND METHODS:One hundred four dermatome biopsies were analyze...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.13423
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vulvar tissue is more permeable than exposed skin due to differences in structure, occlusion, hydration and susceptibility to friction. The safety assessment of products that contact the vulva should account for this potentially heightened permeability. Standard clinical patch tests may not sufficiently mimic vulvar e...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00444.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disperse Blue 106 is an acknowledged skin-sensitization hazard. However, information about the relative sensitization potency of this chemical is lacking, and to provide this information was the purpose of the investigations described here. The approach taken was to measure dose-response relationships for C.I. Dispers...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00578.x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a plant producing advanced components for engines and drivelines we undertook a survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination, and patch testing with a standard series and a series of samples from the working environment. The questionnaire was given to all 430 employees and it wa...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480205.x
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consequences of a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were investigated using cases available from the voluntary surveillance scheme, EPIDERM. Cases of OCD reported from November 1994 to September 1995 were identified and sampled to give at least 100 cases of allergic, irritant and mixed OCD reporte...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460505.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A tire assembler developed contact dermatitis from IPPD, a rubber antioxidant. The lichenoid clinical pattern corresponded histologically to lichenified dermatitis. Tire assemblers appear to acquire contact dermatitis to this aromatic amine more frequently than any other workers in the tire manufacturing industry. Pos...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04152.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of 'sensitive skin' is a relatively recent complaint in which certain individuals report more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population upon use of cosmetic (personal-care) products. Originally defined as a minority complaint, sensitive skin is now claimed by a majority of ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01697.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A predictive study comparing the sensitizing potentials of some topical antimicrobials, using a modified Beuhler's technique, showed that over-the-counter (OTC) antimicrobials were more sensitizing than prescribed topical antibiotics. Among OTC antimicrobials, proflavine was the most potent sensitizer (4/10 guinea pig...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04730.x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromium is an important skin sensitizer. Exposure to it has been regulated in cement, and recently in leather. Studies on the deposition of chromium ions on the skin as a result of handling different chromium-containing materials are sparse, but could improve the risk assessment of contact sensitization and...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12605
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragrance substances represent a very diverse group of chemicals; a proportion of them are associated with the ability to cause allergic reactions in the skin. Efforts to find substitute materials are hindered by the need to undertake animal testing for determining both skin sensitization hazard and potency. One strat...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00322.x
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00