3' exoribonucleolytic trimming is a common feature of the maturation of small, stable RNAs in Escherichia coli.

abstract：:Cranial neural crest cells (crNCCs) migrate from the neural tube to the pharyngeal arches (PAs) of the developing embryo and, subsequently, differentiate into bone and connective tissue to form the mandible. Within the PAs, crNCCs respond to local signaling cues to partition into the proximo-distally oriented subdomai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vincentz JW,Casasnovas JJ,Barnes RM,Que J,Clouthier DE,Wang J,Firulli AB

更新日期：2016-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell proliferation may be altered in many diseases, but it is uncertain exactly how to measure total numbers of divisions. Although it is impossible to count every division directly, potentially total numbers of stem cell divisions since birth may be inferred from numbers of somatic errors. The idea is that divisions ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim JY,Tavaré S,Shibata D

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytochrome photoreceptors control plant growth, development, and the shade avoidance response that limits crop yield in high-density agricultural plantings. Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are distantly related photosensory proteins that control cyanobacterial metabolism and behavior in response to light. Photoreceptors...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lim S,Yu Q,Gottlieb SM,Chang CW,Rockwell NC,Martin SS,Madsen D,Lagarias JC,Larsen DS,Ames JB

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A pH-dependent transition between delocalized and trapped mixed valence states of an engineered CuA center in azurin has been investigated by UV-visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. At pH 7.0, the CuA azurin displays a typical delocalized mixed valence dinuclear [Cu(1.5).......

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang HJ,Lu Y

更新日期：2004-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous international bodies have advocated the development of strategies to achieve the sustainability of marine environments. Typically, such strategies are based on information from expert groups about causes of degradation and policy options to address them, but these strategies rarely take into account assessed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gelcich S,Buckley P,Pinnegar JK,Chilvers J,Lorenzoni I,Terry G,Guerrero M,Castilla JC,Valdebenito A,Duarte CM

更新日期：2014-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine addiction and overdose have long defied specific treatment. To provide a new approach, the high-activity catalytic antibody mAb 15A10 was elicited using a transition-state analog for the hydrolysis of cocaine to nontoxic, nonaddictive products. In a model of cocaine overdose, mAb 15A10 protected rats from coca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mets B,Winger G,Cabrera C,Seo S,Jamdar S,Yang G,Zhao K,Briscoe RJ,Almonte R,Woods JH,Landry DW

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Promoter-proximal stalling, a general phenomenon observed during the expression of many RNA polymerase II transcribed genes, is dependent on transcription factor IIH (TFIIH). Reactions lacking TFIIH initiated transcription, but the transcription complex encountered a block to elongation proximal to the promoter. The a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumar KP,Akoulitchev S,Reinberg D

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals with developmental dyslexia vary in their ability to improve reading skills, but the brain basis for improvement remains largely unknown. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study over 2.5 y in children with dyslexia (n = 25) or without dyslexia (n = 20) to discover whether initial behavioral or brain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoeft F,McCandliss BD,Black JM,Gantman A,Zakerani N,Hulme C,Lyytinen H,Whitfield-Gabrieli S,Glover GH,Reiss AL,Gabrieli JD

更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral and neural evidence reveal a prospective goal-directed decision process that relies on mental simulation of the environment, and a retrospective habitual process that caches returns previously garnered from available choices. Artificial systems combine the two by simulating the environment up to some depth ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keramati M,Smittenaar P,Dolan RJ,Dayan P

更新日期：2016-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice lacking the beta1-subunit (gene, Kcnmb1; protein, BK-beta1) of the large Ca-activated K channel (BK) are hypertensive. This phenotype is thought to result from diminished BK currents in vascular smooth muscle where BK-beta1 is an ancillary subunit. However, the beta1-subunit is also expressed in the renal connect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grimm PR,Irsik DL,Settles DC,Holtzclaw JD,Sansom SC

更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Addition of a 0.5 M KCl wash fraction from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes causes a 3- to 10-fold increase in the extent of translation of natural mRNAs by Krebs-cell lysates. In the presence of the wash fraction, 1 pmol of rabbit or mouse 10S RNA directs the incorporation of 80 pmol of leucine into rabbit globin. The a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metafora S,Terada M,Dow LW,Marks PA,Bank A

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disruption of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) with low levels of Nonidet P-40 yielded "immature" cores. These cores have a diameter of about 920 A, as opposed to the 1300-A diameter of RLV, possess knob-like protuberances, and contain a concentrically coiled internal strand apposed to the core shell. The two major polyp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoshinaka Y,Luftig RB

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The liver plays a critical role in inducing systemic immune tolerance, for example, during limiting hypersensitivity to food allergy and in rendering acceptance of allotransplant or even hepatotropic pathogens. We investigated the unknown mechanisms of liver tolerance by using an established hepatitis B virus (HBV)-ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu L,Yin W,Sun R,Wei H,Tian Z

更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication and transcription of viral RNA genomes rely on host-donated proteins. Qbeta virus infects Escherichia coli and replicates and transcribes its own genomic RNA by Qbeta replicase. Qbeta replicase requires the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (beta-subunit), and the host-donated translational elonga...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takeshita D,Tomita K

更新日期：2010-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum thymic factor (FTS) utilized in its synthetic or natural form loses its biological activity in a rosette assay after treatment with a metal ion-chelating agent, Chelex 100. This activity is restored by the addition of Zn salts and, to a lesser extent, certain other metal salts. FTS activation is secondary to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dardenne M,Pléau JM,Nabarra B,Lefrancier P,Derrien M,Choay J,Bach JF

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an autoshaping experiment, food-deprived pigeons pecked rapidly at a moving dot that preceded the delivery of food. When the moving dot and food were no longer correlated, the rate of pecking dropped nearly to zero. When, subsequently, no food was given, pecking reappeared at a high rate (nearly 200 pecks per min f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Epstein R,Skinner BF

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sustained activity of mammalian methionine synthase (MS) requires MS reductase (MSR), but there have been few studies of the interactions between these two proteins. In this study, recombinant human MS (hMS) and MSR (hMSR) were expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and purified to homogeneity. hMSR maintained...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamada K,Gravel RA,Toraya T,Matthews RG

更新日期：2006-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium are thought to play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms by which changes in cytoplasmic calcium transmit the glutamate signal to the nucleus, which is ultimately important for long-lasting neuronal responses, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yun HY,Gonzalez-Zulueta M,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：1998-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Observers have found a small number of lithium-depleted halo stars in the temperature range of the Spite plateau. The current status of the mass-loss hypothesis for producing the observed lithium dip in Population (Pop) I stars is briefly discussed and extended to Pop II stars as a possible explanation for these halo ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dearborn DS,Schramm DN

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Some dinosaurs reached masses that were approximately 8 times those of the largest, ecologically equivalent terrestrial mammals. The factors most responsible for setting the maximal body size of vertebrates are resource quality and quantity, as modified by the mobility of the consumer, and the vertebrate's rate of ene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNab BK

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Pain is a major health concern even though numerous analgesic agents are available. Side effects and lack of wide-spectrum efficacy of current drugs justify efforts to better understand pain mechanisms. Stabilization of natural epoxy-fatty acids (EFAs) through inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) reduces ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inceoglu B,Wagner K,Schebb NH,Morisseau C,Jinks SL,Ulu A,Hegedus C,Rose T,Brosnan R,Hammock BD

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A rice Dwarf 1 gene was identified by using a map-based cloning strategy. Its recessive mutant allele confers a dwarf phenotype. Linkage analysis revealed that a cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of GTP-binding protein cosegregated with d1 in 3,185 d1 segregants. Southern hybridization analysis with this cDNA as a probe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ashikari M,Wu J,Yano M,Sasaki T,Yoshimura A

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The transport of moisture in the tropics is a critical process for the global energy budget and on geologic timescales, has markedly influenced continental landscapes, migratory pathways, and biological evolution. Here we present a continuous, first-of-its-kind 1.3-My record of continental hydroclimate and lake-level ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lyons RP,Scholz CA,Cohen AS,King JW,Brown ET,Ivory SJ,Johnson TC,Deino AL,Reinthal PN,McGlue MM,Blome MW

更新日期：2015-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Addition of acetylcholine to growing cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cells induced a 37-fold increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Morphological changes, consisting of neurite-extensions, were also observed during the logarithmic phase of growth of cells stimulated with acetylcholine....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harkins J,Arsenault M,Schlesinger K,Kates J

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence had been provided that a disulfide-linked [125I]iodotyramine/poly(D-lysine) conjugate was reductively cleaved when bound nonspecifically to the surface of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and that this cleavage was abolished by membrane-impermeant sulfhydryl blockers. The same blockers were subsequently foun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandel R,Ryser HJ,Ghani F,Wu M,Peak D

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pleistocene global dispersal of modern humans required the transit of arid and semiarid regions where the distribution of potable water provided a primary constraint on dispersal pathways. Here, we provide a spatially explicit continental-scale assessment of the opportunities for Pleistocene human occupation of Au...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bird MI,O'Grady D,Ulm S

更新日期：2016-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of our knowledge about transmission at central synapses has been obtained by studying populations of synapses, but some important properties of synapses can be determined only by studying them individually. An important issue is whether a presynaptic action potential causes, at most, a single vesicle to be releas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conti R,Lisman J

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The involvement of epigenetic alterations in mediating effects of estrogens on memory is unknown. The present study determined whether histone acetylation and DNA methylation are critical for the potent estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) to enhance object recognition memory. We show that dorsal hippocampal E(2) infusion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Z,Fan L,Frick KM

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple steps of plant growth and development rely on rapid cell elongation during which secretory and endocytic trafficking via the trans-Golgi network (TGN) plays a central role. Here, we identify the ECHIDNA (ECH) protein from Arabidopsis thaliana as a TGN-localized component crucial for TGN function. ECH partiall...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gendre D,Oh J,Boutté Y,Best JG,Samuels L,Nilsson R,Uemura T,Marchant A,Bennett MJ,Grebe M,Bhalerao RP

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4 receptor contributes to T-cell activation by coligating major histocompatibility complex class II on antigen presenting cells with the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, and triggering a cascade of signaling events including tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Paradoxically, CD3 cross-linking p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desbarats J,Freed JH,Campbell PA,Newell MK

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00