Abstract:
:Behavioral and neural evidence reveal a prospective goal-directed decision process that relies on mental simulation of the environment, and a retrospective habitual process that caches returns previously garnered from available choices. Artificial systems combine the two by simulating the environment up to some depth and then exploiting habitual values as proxies for consequences that may arise in the further future. Using a three-step task, we provide evidence that human subjects use such a normative plan-until-habit strategy, implying a spectrum of approaches that interpolates between habitual and goal-directed responding. We found that increasing time pressure led to shallower goal-directed planning, suggesting that a speed-accuracy tradeoff controls the depth of planning with deeper search leading to more accurate evaluation, at the cost of slower decision-making. We conclude that subjects integrate habit-based cached values directly into goal-directed evaluations in a normative manner.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Keramati M,Smittenaar P,Dolan RJ,Dayan Pdoi
10.1073/pnas.1609094113subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-08 00:00:00pages
12868-12873issue
45eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1609094113journal_volume
113pub_type
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