Abstract:
:The maintenance of chromosome termini, or telomeres, requires the action of the enzyme telomerase, as conventional DNA polymerases cannot fully replicate the ends of linear molecules. Telomerase is expressed and telomere length is maintained in human germ cells and the great majority of primary human tumours. However, telomerase is not detectable in most normal somatic cells; this corresponds to the gradual telomere loss observed with each cell division. It has been proposed that telomere erosion eventually signals entry into senescence or cell crisis and that activation of telomerase is usually required for immortal cell proliferation. In addition to the human telomerase RNA component (hTR; ref. 11), TR1/TLP1 (refs 12, 13), a protein that is homologous to the p80 protein associated with the Tetrahymena enzyme, has been identified in humans. More recently, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTRT; refs 15, 16), which is homologous to the reverse transcriptase (RT)-like proteins associated with the Euplotes aediculatus (Ea_p123), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Est2p) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (5pTrt1) telomerases, has been reported to be a telomerase protein subunit. A catalytic function has been demonstrated for Est2p in the RT-like class but not for p80 or its homologues. We now report that in vitro transcription and translation of hTRT when co-synthesized or mixed with hTR reconstitutes telomerase activity that exhibits enzymatic properties like those of the native enzyme. Single amino-acid changes in conserved telomerase-specific and RT motifs reduce or abolish activity, providing direct evidence that hTRT is the catalytic protein component of telomerase. Normal human diploid cells transiently expressing hTRT possessed telomerase activity, demonstrating that hTRT is the limiting component necessary for restoration of telomerase activity in these cells. The ability to reconstitute telomerase permits further analysis of its biochemical and biological roles in cell aging and carcinogenesis.
journal_name
Nat Genetjournal_title
Nature geneticsauthors
Weinrich SL,Pruzan R,Ma L,Ouellette M,Tesmer VM,Holt SE,Bodnar AG,Lichtsteiner S,Kim NW,Trager JB,Taylor RD,Carlos R,Andrews WH,Wright WE,Shay JW,Harley CB,Morin GBdoi
10.1038/ng1297-498subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
498-502issue
4eissn
1061-4036issn
1546-1718journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE GENETICS文献大全abstract::Mitotic chromosome segregation is facilitated by the cohesin complex, which maintains physical connections between sister chromatids until anaphase. Meiotic cell division is considerably more complex, as cohesion must be released sequentially to facilitate orderly segregation of chromosomes at both meiosis I and meios...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng1672
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic basis of most conditions characterized by congenital contractures is largely unknown. Here we show that mutations in the embryonic myosin heavy chain (MYH3) gene cause Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS), one of the most severe multiple congenital contracture (that is, arthrogryposis) syndromes, and nearly one-...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng1775
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To further resolve the genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, we sequenced the whole genomes of 4,280 patients at low coverage and compared them to 3,652 previously sequenced population controls across 73.5 million variants. We then imputed from these sequences ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3761
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perturbations to mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) complexes contribute to more than 20% of human cancers, with driving roles first identified in malignant rhabdoid tumor, an aggressive pediatric cancer characterized by biallelic inactivation of the core BAF complex subunit SMARCB1 (BAF47). However, the mechanism by...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3958
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy strategies designed to combat haemophilia B, caused by defects in clotting factor IX, have so far concentrated on ex vivo approaches. We have now evaluated adenoviral vector-mediated expression of human factor IX in vivo. Injection of the vector Av1H9B, which encodes human factor IX cDNA, into the tail ve...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng1293-397
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) has recently been defined based on a highly characteristic constellation of abnormalities observed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. LBSL is an autosomal recessive disease, most often manifesting in early childho...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng2013
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila melanogaster gene Dscam is essential for axon guidance and has 38,016 possible alternative splice forms. This diversity can potentially be used to distinguish cells. We analyzed the Dscam mRNA isoforms expressed by different cell types and individual cells. The choice of splice variants expressed is reg...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng1299
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies have previously identified variants in SLC30A8, encoding the zinc transporter ZnT8, associated with diabetes risk. A rare variant association study has now established the direction of effect, surprisingly showing that loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 are protective against diabete...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.2934
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An exceptional muscle development commonly referred to as 'double-muscled' (Fig. 1) has been seen in several cattle breeds and has attracted considerable attention from beef producers. Double-muscled animals are characterized by an increase in muscle mass of about 20%, due to general skeletal-muscle hyperplasia-that i...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng0997-71
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allelic heterogeneity in disease-causing genes presents a substantial challenge to the translation of genomic variation into clinical practice. Few of the almost 2,000 variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene CFTR have empirical evidence that they cause cystic fibrosis. To address this ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.2745
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A highly invasive form of non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease has recently been documented in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common Salmonella enterica serovar causing this disease is Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium). We applied whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic methods to define the pop...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.2423
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the version of this article originally published, a box was misplaced in Fig. 1. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0137-5
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of markers on human chromosome 7q31 is frequently encountered in a variety of human neoplasias, indicating the presence of a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG). By a combination of microcell-fusion and deletion-mapping studies, we previously established that this TSG resides within a critical reg...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/86891
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The early development of blood vessels consists of two phases, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which involve distinct and also overlapping molecular regulators, but the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in these processes have not been well defined. We disrupted Map3k3 (also known as Mekk3), which e...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/73550
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::High rates of APOBEC-signature mutations are found in many tumors, but factors affecting this mutation pattern are not well understood. Here we explored the contribution of two common germline variants in the APOBEC3 region. SNP rs1014971 was associated with bladder cancer risk, increased APOBEC3B expression, and enri...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3670
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After domestication, during a process of widespread range extension, barley adapted to a broad spectrum of agricultural environments. To explore how the barley genome responded to the environmental challenges it encountered, we sequenced the exomes of a collection of 267 georeferenced landraces and wild accessions. A ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3612
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative genomic analyses of primary tumors and metastases within individuals with pancreatic cancer have exposed the complex clonal dynamics that underlie the dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites. Recent studies implicate non-genetic mechanisms in this process, particularly fluctuations in chromatin stat...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3798
更新日期:2017-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prevalent genes with frequently precise regulation but mostly unknown functions. Here we demonstrate that lncRNAs guide the organismal DNA damage response. DNA damage activated transcription of the DINO (Damage Induced Noncoding) lncRNA via p53. DINO was required for p53-dependent gen...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3673
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertriglyceridemia is a hallmark of many disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, atherosclerosis and obesity. A well-known cause is the deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key enzyme in plasma triglyceride hydrolysis. Mice carrying the combined lipase deficiency (cld) mutation show severe hypertrigl...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.2007.24
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are common and clinically important tumors, but little is known about their etiology and pathogenesis. We previously mapped a gene that predisposes to multiple fibroids, cutaneous leiomyomata and renal cell carcinoma to chromosome 1q42.3-q43 (refs 4-6). Here we show, through a combinatio...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng849
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population stratification refers to differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls due to systematic differences in ancestry rather than association of genes with disease. It has been proposed that false positive associations due to stratification can be controlled by genotyping a few dozen unlinked gene...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng1333
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has uncovered an important role for de novo variation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Using aggregated data from 9,246 families with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or developmental delay, we found that ∼1/3 of de novo variants are independently present as standing variation in the ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3789
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hundreds of genes reside in structurally complex, poorly understood regions of the human genome. One such region contains the three amylase genes (AMY2B, AMY2A and AMY1) responsible for digesting starch into sugar. Copy number of AMY1 is reported to be the largest genomic influence on obesity, although genome-wide ass...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3340
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer has the lowest survival rate among human cancers, and there are no effective markers for its screening and early diagnosis. To identify genetic susceptibility markers for this cancer, we carried out a genome-wide association study on 981 individuals with pancreatic cancer (cases) and 1,991 cancer-fre...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.1020
更新日期:2011-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Desmin-related myopathies (DRM) are inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by adult onset and delayed accumulation of aggregates of desmin, a protein belonging to the type III intermediate filament family, in the sarcoplasma of skeletal and cardiac muscles. In this paper, we have mapped the locus for DRM in a...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/1765
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) describes a group of at least three genetically distinct disorders with almost identical clinical features that collectively affects 1:1,000 of the population. Affected individuals typically develop large cystic kidneys and approximately one half develop end-stage r...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng0697-179
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the version of this article initially published, affiliation 38 incorrectly read "ICNU-Nephrology and Urology Department, Barcelona, Spain"; "Renal Division, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" is the correct affiliation. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of ...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0376-0
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marine mammals from different mammalian orders share several phenotypic traits adapted to the aquatic environment and therefore represent a classic example of convergent evolution. To investigate convergent evolution at the genomic level, we sequenced and performed de novo assembly of the genomes of three species of m...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3198
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upon detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, innate immune receptors initiate inflammatory responses. These receptors include cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) whose stimulation recruits and proteolytically activates caspase-1 within the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex. Caspase-1 mediates the pro...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ng.3066
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced lung function predicts mortality and is key to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a genome-wide association study in 400,102 individuals of European ancestry, we define 279 lung function signals, 139 of which are new. In combination, these variants strongly predict COPD in indepe...
journal_title:Nature genetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0321-7
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00