Abstract：
PURPOSE:Using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, it was found that some patients with relative central scotomas reliably used two different preferred retinal loci (PRLs) at different stimulus illuminances. This article describes adaptations in a patient's PRL for fixation when dimming the stimulus increased the relative scotoma size. METHODS:Twenty-eight patients with macular diseases had their dense and relative macular scotoma borders mapped with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The high-illuminance PRL (PRLhi) and low-illuminance PRL (PRLlo) were operationally defined as the PRLs that patients used to fixate a high or low illuminance stimulus, respectively. The PRLs' abilities to do visual tasks and their characteristics at the corresponding illuminances were assessed. RESULTS:The PRL consistently shifted between the PRLhi and the PRLlo as the stimulus illuminance was changed. Brightness permitting, the visual system prefers to use the PRLhi with generally better performance in visual function such as fixation stability. There were no significant differences between the PRLhi and the PRLlo in pursuit and saccadic abilities, when assessed by subjective ratings. The illuminances that induced shifting ranged from 106 to 3437 trolands. The PRLhi was always located within an area of relative scotoma, usually at the fovea or just outside a dense scotoma. The PRLlo was located in relatively healthy retinal area, and usually below or to the left of the PRLhi in the visual field. CONCLUSIONS:In the visual system, two well-defined PRLs can develop when visual function is adapting to maculopathy, with the use of each depending on the brightness of objects used in visual tasks. Rehabilitation and treatment strategies should consider the existence of multiple PRLs.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Lei H,Schuchard RAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
1812-8issue
9eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize a new nontransfected, spontaneously immortalized epithelial cell line from normal human conjunctiva (IOBA-NHC), both morphologically and functionally, to determine whether the differentiated phenotype of conjunctival epithelial cells is preserved. METHODS:Outgrowing cells from explanted conjunc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-1576
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21593
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of retinoic acid, retinol, and 11-cis retinaldehyde on proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cultured embryonic chick neural retina cells; to describe the metabolic transformations of these retinoids by the cultured cells. METHODS:Retinoids were added to glia-free, low-dens...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the ability of several machine learning classifiers to predict development of abnormal fields at follow-up in ocular hypertensive (OHT) eyes that had normal visual fields in baseline examination. METHODS:The visual fields of 114 eyes of 114 patients with OHT with four or more visual field tests with...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2011-06-08 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:DBA/2J mice are a standard preclinical glaucoma model, which spontaneously developed mutations resulting in chronic age-related pigmentary glaucoma. The goals of this study were to identify the degree of visual impairment in DBA/2J mice before and after disease onset by quantifying the optokinetic reflex respon...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex in human corneal fibroblasts. METHODS:The presence of IL-4R subunit mRNAs and proteins in cultured human corneal fibroblasts was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction of 125I-...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three congenic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) strains of rats have been developed: the RCS-p+ strain, which is a black-eyed dystrophic strain; the pink-eyed RCS-rdy+ strain, which is wild-type (+/+) at the retinal dystrophy (rdy) genetic locus and serves as the control for the inbred, pink-eyed RCS strain; and the bl...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
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