Abstract：
PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of retinoic acid, retinol, and 11-cis retinaldehyde on proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cultured embryonic chick neural retina cells; to describe the metabolic transformations of these retinoids by the cultured cells. METHODS:Retinoids were added to glia-free, low-density cultures of neural retina cells, which underwent subsequent examination to determine the numbers of neurons and photoreceptors that differentiated and survived under differing conditions. Cells and conditioned medium were extracted to identify and quantify retinoid metabolic products by high pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS:Retinoid treatment resulted in dose-dependent increases in the number of differentiated photoreceptors present in the cultures after 6 days; smaller increases in nonphotoreceptor neurons were also observed. Retinoids were more effective when added at culture onset than at later times, but they did not stimulate cell proliferation. The order of potency was retinol > 11-cis retinaldehyde > retinoic acid. Exogenous retinoic acid was recovered unmodified after a 24-hr incubation period; retinol was also stable and unmetabolized, except for the formation of a small quantity of retinyl acetate. 11-cis retinaldehyde was less stable, and was metabolized into both retinoic acid and retinol. CONCLUSIONS:Retinol, 11-cis retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid can promote the survival (and possibly differentiation) of cultured embryonic retina neurons and photoreceptors in the absence of glia and retinal pigment epithelium. Although retinoic acid is likely to function by interacting with one of the known nuclear receptors for this retinoid, the effectiveness of retinol in the absence of metabolic transformation into retinoic acid suggests the possible existence of a distinct, yet undiscovered receptor.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Stenkamp DL,Gregory JK,Adler Rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-07-01 00:00:00pages
2425-36issue
8eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The properties of the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the mudpuppy electroretinogram (ERG) were studied and compared with the properties of the b-wave of the ERG and the proximal negative response (PNR). Both transretinal and intraretinal ERGs were recorded in response to full-field as well as 200 and 500 microgram sp...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the effects of diabetes mellitus on corneal structure and function. METHODS:The authors measured endothelial permeability to fluorescein and corneal deswelling for 7.5 hours after 2 hours of hypoxic contact lens wear in 20 patients with diabetes who had nonproliferative retinopathy and 21 age-matched...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To determine whether mitochondrial DNA haplogroups or rare variants associate with primary open-angle glaucoma in subjects of European descent. Methods:A case-control comparison of age- and sex-matched cohorts of 90 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 95 population controls. Full mitochondrial DNA sequenc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25085
更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The authors recently showed that the retinal circulation can be accessed by transfemoral endovascular catheterization. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endovascular coiling can be used to induce different degrees of ischemic injury. The possibility of creating occlusions at different sites in th...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7628
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the use of topically applied FK506, a new immunosuppressive compound, systemic and ocular absorption was determined in serum and various ocular tissues. METHODS:Two drops of 20 microliters FK506 were applied using oil dissolved (OD-FK506) or liposome-bound (LIP-FK506) drug. FK506 concentrations ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 3, 4, and 8 in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). METHODS:Sixteen patients with active ocular BD and 16 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Total RNA was isolated from PBMCs to determine mRNA levels of TLRs, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12159
更新日期：2013-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Bicarbonate transport plays a role in aqueous humor (AH) secretion. The authors examined bicarbonate transport mechanisms and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in porcine nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE). METHODS:Cytoplasmic pH (pH(i)) was measured in cultured porcine NPE loaded with BCECF. Anion exchanger (AE), so...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2487
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lacrimal gland is a functional part of the mucosal immune system and is populated by lymphoid cells that begin to appear early in neonatal development. To define the events controlling the accumulation of these cells, an in vitro adherence assay was used to investigate the interactions of lymphocyte populations wi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To employ quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) imaging in rhesus macaques to noninvasively assess retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) lipofuscin in nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model of aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods:The qAF imaging was performed on eyes of 26 rhesus macaques (me...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.8.16
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Our study aimed to explore the heritability of retinal vascular caliber among Singapore Chinese families. METHODS:In the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Refractive Error Study in Singaporean Chinese Preschoolers (STARS) family study conducted from 2008 to 2010, a total of 727 participants (304 parent-child pairs, 8...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12418
更新日期：2013-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The inhibition of angiogenesis by angiostatic steroids has been demonstrated in a variety of systems, including rabbit and rat cornea. There is considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of this class of compounds for angiogenic ocular conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the prejunctional mechanisms that control the impulse-evoked release of norepinephrine in the isolated, superfused human iris-ciliary body. METHODS:Human iris-ciliary body tissue segments were preincubated with 3H-norepinephrine, superfused and electrically-stimulated in vitro to evoke the disc...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor is essential for photoreceptor gene expression, differentiation, and survival. Human CRX mutations can cause dominant retinopathies of varying onset and phenotype severity. In animal models, dominant frameshift Crx mutations introduce a premature termination codo...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22075
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Human brain generates miniature eye movements, such as microsaccades, to counteract image fading due to visual adaptation. Generation of microsaccade relies on the amount of retinal error or acuity demand for a desired visual task. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of visual blur, induced by un...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15882
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Optical coherence tomography's (OCT) third outer retinal band has been attributed to the zone of interdigitation between RPE cells and cone outer segments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of this band with adaptive optics (AO)-OCT. Methods:Using AO-OCT, images were obtained from two s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-21138
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on Na+, K+, Cl- cotransport in fetal human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells were investigated. METHODS:86Rb+ as a marker for K+ was used to study ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in cultured NPE monolayers. Cyclic adenosine mon...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the protective effects of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a potent heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer, in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and to document the possible antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying the protection. METHODS:Rats pretreated with intraperitoneal inject...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4086
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the influence of stimulus chromaticity on simple reaction times (RTs) to determine the stage of chromatic processing that is most influential in their generation. METHODS:Simple RTs were measured in response to the cosinusoidally ramped onset of small, equiluminant, colored Gaussian spots. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0772
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adhesion complex of the corneal epithelium consists of the hemidesmosome and its associated structures, such as anchoring filaments, lamina densa of the basement membrane, and anchoring fibrils. It contributes to the adhesion of the corneal epithelium to Bowman's layer. To understand the adhesion complex better, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors during the development of retinal neovascularization (NV) in a mouse model. METHODS:A well-characterized murine model of retinal NV was used to study the expression of specific MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP) and tissue inhibit...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to induce stereoscopic depth, retinal images in the right and left eyes must differ. Our experiments demonstrate that these uniocular differences for simple three-line configurations at stereo-threshold cannot usually be distinguished one from the other. We confirm that depth values are associated with indivi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To explore patterns of disease progression in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with hyperreflective crystalline deposits (HCDs) in the sub-retinal pigment epithelium-basal laminar space. Methods:Retrospective review of medical records, multimodal imaging, and longitudinal eye-tr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.19-26589
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Vergence eye movements undergo adaptive recalibration in response to a training stimulus in which the initial disparity is changed just after vergence begins (the double-step paradigm). In the present study the changes in the dynamic properties of convergence, speed and acceleration, were examined by using this...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To determine if cytokine tear levels before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can help anticipate the occurrence of ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Methods:In this pilot study, 25 patients undergoing HSCT were followed prospectively for ≤43 months. After ocular examinations, tear...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21670
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial cells from both human retinal microvessels (HME) and fetal bovine aortic endothelium (FBAE) were grown in aggregate cultures alone, or with either retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells or fibroblasts. The levels of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in the conditioned med...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The link between nasal-temporal motion asymmetries and anomalous binocular sensory function in infantile esotropia (ET) has led to the idea that visual evoked potential responses to horizontal motion (mVE) is an alternative measure of sensory binocularity to stereopsis. A second hypothesis is that the mVEP resp...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate clinical, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetical characteristics of 116 patients with a diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) presenting primarily in the ocular region. METHODS:Specimens from all patients with a diagnosis of ophthalmic lymphoma in Denmark during the period 1980 to 20...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2539
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:TGF-betas regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and they play important roles in maintenance of corneal epithelium. However, the precise function of TGF-betas in the corneal epithelium remains unclear. In this study, cDNA expression array technology was used to demonstrate the effect of TGF-beta1 on ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the validity of the color component subtraction method, a new objective technique of measuring nuclear cataract, and to correlate the tangent values of the different degrees of nuclear opacities to their corresponding subjective nuclear cataract grading using the Lens Opacities Classification System II ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine, cis-flupenthixol, and dibutyryl cAMP affected the standing potential and light-evoked responses of the perfused cat eye in vitro. At micromolar concentrations, dopamine, a retinal neurotransmitter, increased the standing potential of the eye. At slightly higher concentrations, dopamine abolished the "light p...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
