Abstract：
:Three new findings are reviewed that help to understand the mechanisms of action of anti-rheumatic gold drugs, such as disodium aurothiomalate (Na2Au(I)TM): i) We found that Na2Au(I)TM selectively inhibits T-cell receptor-mediated antigen recognition by murine CD4+ T-cell hybridomas specific for antigenic peptides containing at least two cysteine residues. Presumably, Au(I) acts as a chelating agent forming linear complexes (Cys-Au(I)-Cys) which prevents correct antigen-processing and/or peptide recognition by the T-cell receptor, ii) We were able to show that Au(I) is oxidized to Au(III) in mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages. Because Au(III) rapidly oxidizes protein and itself is re-reduced to Au(I), this may introduce an Au(I)/Au(III) redox system into phagocytes which scavenges reactive oxygen species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and inactivates lysosomal enzymes, iii) Pretreatment with Au(III) of a model protein antigen, bovine ribonuclease A (RNase A), induced novel antigenic determinants recognized by CD4+ T lymphocytes. Analysis of the fine specificity of these "Au(III)-specific" T-cells revealed that they react to RNase peptides that are not presented to T-cells when the native protein, i.e., not treated with Au(III), is used as antigen. The T-cell recognition of these cryptic peptides did not require the presence of gold. This finding has important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune responses induced by gold drugs. Taken together, our findings indicate that Au(I) and Au(III) each exert specific effects on several distinct functions of macrophages and the activation of T-cells. These effects may explain both the desired anti-inflammatory and the adverse effects of antirheumatic gold drugs.
journal_name
Z Rheumatoljournal_title
Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologieauthors
Griem P,Gleichmann Esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
348-58issue
5eissn
0340-1855issn
1435-1250journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Superficial heat and cold are commonly used therapeutic methods in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both procedures have analgesic effect. In 30 inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis the pain threshold was measured before and after warm bath and ice massage. Rheumatoid patients had significantly lower pain threshold...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence-based recommendations on the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have enjoyed a high level of acceptance and circulation in Germany, as well as in other European countries. To make patient participation in the decision-making process regarding their disease easier, as well as to strengthen the physi...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-009-0428-4
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several immuno-pathological aspects of polyarthritis following experimental infection with erysipelas in pigs were studied for two years. Aseptic and specifically pathogenfree animals were infected subcutaneously and intravenously-intraarticularly with living erysipeals bacteria (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) of serot...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nephrotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) is a phenomenon which is observed in high-dose therapy for treatment of malignant diseases. Even low-dose MTX therapy for treatment of rheumatic diseases is claimed to cause impairment in renal function. The necessity to adapt the dosage of MTX therapy for renal function disord...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-011-0909-0
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a multisystem disease with a bad prognosis. No drugs have been shown to cure this disease. In view of its pathogenesis, in which immune responses are presumed to play an important role, immune suppressive therapies are widely applied in the treatment of SSc. Recent placebo-cont...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-006-0075-y
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The choice between outpatient and inpatient care is currently undergoing major changes within the German health care system with the amendment of § 116b SGB V. This study investigates what proportion of hitherto inpatient rheumatologic care could potentially be given on an outpatient basis. METHODS:The anal...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-010-0703-4
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study documents prospectively the Knee Society knee- and function score of 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with 34 PFC unconstrained total knee arthroplasties from preoperative values on at yearly intervals. The average follow-up period was 3.4 years (range 2-5.5 y). At last follow-up over 80% of the knees ...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s003930050035
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The treatment strategies for osteoarthritis (OA) are well known from numerous studies. One of the challenges is long-term patient compliance to the recommended therapies without supervision. OBJECTIVE:To examine the ability of salutogenic concepts to improve rehabilitative management of OA. MATERIALS AND M...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-014-1557-y
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the rheumatic diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reveals the highest frequency of central nervous symptoms. Psychiatric abnormalities are present in over 90% of the patients, if very mild cognitive impairment is included. The psychiatric syndromes listed by the American College of Rheumatologists encom...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-004-0618-z
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blastocysts hominis, a protozoon considered to be a nonpathogen intestinal commensal, is now discussed to be a cause of intestinal infection under certain circumstances, e.g., immunosuppression. There are two published cases of Blastocysts infection complicated by arthritis which was classified as "reactive" in one ca...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Involvement of the musculoskeletal system in 50 Lyme borreliosis patients seen in Czechoslovakia is described. Thirty-three patients reported tick bites or that they had removed a tick, four patients had been bitten by some other insect. Skin reaction following tick bite were found in 29 patients. Neurologic involveme...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by, among other things, spinal and extraspinal manifestations. Two studies on the prevalence and clinical significance of hyperostotic spurs and ectopic ossifications in the pelvic area are presented. Spinal DISH seems to be a risk factor for the develop...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined relations between irrational attitudes and pain experience in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 128 patients with definite RA from a rheumatic treatment center were studied by administration of the Irrational Attitudes Questionnaire (15) and a revised form of the Multidimensional Pain...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic agent widely used in low dose to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its side effects can partly be explained by folate antagonism. Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is generally administered with MTX to decrease MTX-induced toxicity. However information regarding...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s003930170075
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease induced by a preceding, sometimes asymptomatic bacterial infection outside the joints. With an estimated prevalence of 40/100,000 inhabitants, the disease primarily affects adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. The clinical presentation is typically characteriz...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-013-1281-z
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. In addition to known risk factors e.g. genetics, age and hormonal status it has been suggested that chronic-repetitive micro- and substantial (macro-) injury may play an important pathogenetic role. In a longitudinal case-study we examined Judo-players for clinical and ...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s003930050048
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of functional disability in the elderly. Pain and loss of motion induce a vicious circle, leading to instability, frailty and ultimately invalidity. Currently, there is no treatment to reverse or slow the disease progression to a clinically meaningful extent. Thus, the prim...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-005-0778-5
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated monocytes/macrophages secrete monokines, regulatory proteins which are capable of initiating and maintaining immune processes as well as having an effect on other non immunocompetent cells. In rheumatoid arthritis the monokine Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was detected in the synovial fluid. IL-1 activates immunocomp...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case described concerns a patient initially presenting the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, including the presence of nodules, and slowly developing into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Besides the signs of chronic inflammation in the synovial tissue, many granulocytes and PAS-positive macrophages we...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of rheumatic diseases with bioloics has significantly improved the prognosis of patients. Currently, there are 13 preparations available in Germany for the treatment of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. These original preparations generally have-depending on the individual country-15 years o...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-017-0407-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis is a rare rheumatologic disease that is characterised by skin and organ fibrosis as well as vascular changes and the occurrence of specific autoantibodies. It has a high morbidity and mortality while its manifestations show significant heterogeneity in patients. Thus, diagnosis and follow-up of pati...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-019-0639-2
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New strategies including the blockade of TNFalpha showed excellent therapeutic effects even in so far refractory rheumatic diseases. Moreover, these approaches provided us with important informations about the pathogenic role of the mediators involved and distinct autoimmune cellular subsets. Here, we discuss recent d...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-003-0539-2
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pressure load is critical for vascular wall alteration. Systolic blood pressure was measured by Doppler sonography in the finger and arm arteries of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and compared to a control group (n = 22) of nearly the same age. The transmitter frequency of the ultrasound probe was 9.6 MHz. ...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular manifestations of systemic vasculitides are extraordinarily pleomorph and have been described for many decades. In the introduction the special interaction of the immune system and the eye is outlined. Thereafter diagnostic procedures of patients suffering from systemic vasculitides are shown from an ophthalmol...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s003930170048
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with an inflammatory disease have an elevated risk for periprosthetic joint infections due to impairment of the immune system caused by the disease itself in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). These infections can cause life-threatening sepsis. Unfortunately recommendati...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-013-1346-z
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Scleromyxedema is a rare connective tissue disease that may affect numerous internal organs in addition to the skin. The disease is almost exclusively associated with monoclonal gammopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This retrospective study summarizes the clinical characteristics of four patients with scleromyxe...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-012-0997-5
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids is a powerful anti-inflammatory treatment with relatively few side effects. To date no prospective RCT exists on its use in children with oligoarthritis type I. Thus, in January 2000 the Arbeitsgemeinschaft started a multicenter RCT to compare in children with this diagnosi...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s003930050216
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a 36-year old man with Behçet's disease (BS) for 16 years had low back pain and stiffness in the cervical and lumbar spine. He was diagnosed as having ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this report we wish to emphasize the clinically occult co-existence of AS in BS and revelation of AS after a long time of BS...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00393-002-0319-4
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three days after cholecystectomy, seven patients received a single dose of auranofin (5 tablets Ridaura = 4.35 mg gold). At defined time points thereafter the gold content in samples of blood, plasma, urine, bile, and feces was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Maxima of the mean gold conc...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from loss of immunological tolerance. Regulatory T‑cells (Treg) are major gatekeepers of peripheral tolerance by suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes. Defects in Treg function are therefore possible pathogenetic mechanisms of SLE. Despite this fact published work about num...
journal_title：Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00393-016-0060-z
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
