Abstract:
:A multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of 96 strains of the salmonellae distinguished 80 electrophoretic types (ETs) and placed them in eight groups, seven of which correspond precisely to the seven taxonomic groups (I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V, and VI) previously defined on the basis of biotype and genomic DNA hybridization. In addition, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis identified an eighth distinctive group (designated VII) composed of five strains that had been assigned to group IV on the basis of biotype. An analysis of variation in the combined nucleotide sequences of five housekeeping genes among 16 strains representing all eight groups yielded estimates of overall genetic relationships that are fully consistent with those indicated by DNA hybridization. However, the nucleotide sequences of seven invasion genes (inv/spa) in the strains of group VII were closely similar to those of strains of group IV. These findings are interpreted as evidence that group VII represents an old, differentiated lineage to which one or more large parts of the chromosomal genome of the group IV lineage, including the 40-kb segment on which the invasion genes are located, have been horizontally transferred. All lines of molecular genetic evidence indicate that group V is very strongly differentiated from all other groups, thus supporting its current taxonomic treatment as a species, Salmonella bongori, separate from S. enterica. The Salmonella Reference Collection C, composed of the 16 strains used in DNA sequence studies, has been established for research on variation in natural populations.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Boyd EF,Wang FS,Whittam TS,Selander RKdoi
10.1128/AEM.62.3.804-808.1996subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-03-01 00:00:00pages
804-8issue
3eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Parental strains and asporogenous mutants of Bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and aizawai produced high yields of delta-endotoxin on M medium, which contained 330 mug of potassium per ml, but not on ST and ST-a media, each of which contained only 11 mug of potassium per ml. On ST and ST-a media, refractile gran...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.6.1473-1480.1982
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A granulovirus (GV) isolated from Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)-a major soybean pest-was studied in terms of its main morphological, biochemical, and biological properties. The ovoidal occlusion bodies were 466 by 296 nm in size, and their most prominent protein had an apparent molecular mass of 29 kDa. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.8.3702-3706.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pollutant degradation is present mainly in the surface layer of biofilms, and the surface layer is the most vulnerable to impairment by toxic pollutants. In this work, the effects of nanosized TiO2 (n-TiO2) on the average thicknesses of Bacillus subtilis biofilm and on bacterial attachment on different surfaces were i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00047-18
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of two closely related species to maintain species boundaries in spite of retained interfertility between them is a documented driving force of speciation. Experimental evidence to support possible interspecific postzygotic isolation mechanisms for organisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi is still missing....
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01135-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design and operation of a manually operated multiple syringe inoculator was described. Either 9 or 21 inoculations of constant volume could be made simultaneously. Up to 100 plates could be inoculated in 15 min with excellent reproducibility. No contact occurred between the inoculating needles and the agar surface...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.4.982-985.1977
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microorganisms inhabiting a 91 degrees C hot spring in Yellowstone National Park were characterized by sequencing 5S rRNAs isolated from the mixed, natural microflora without cultivation. By comparisons of these sequences with reference sequences, the phylogenetic relationships of the hot spring organisms to bette...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.6.1379-1384.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic bacterium which is the causative agent of melioidosis, a common cause of fatal bacterial pneumonia and sepsis in the tropics. The incidence of melioidosis is clustered spatially and temporally and is heavily linked to rainfall and extreme weather events. Clinical case cluster...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.05048-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seabird ticks are known reservoirs of bacterial pathogens of medical importance; however, ticks parasitizing tropical seabirds have received less attention than their counterparts from temperate and subpolar regions. Recently, Rickettsia africae was described to infect seabird ticks of the western Indian Ocean and New...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00477-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diversity of fungi in permanently frozen soil from northeastern Siberia was studied by culture-independent PCR amplification of diverse environmental 18S rRNA genes. Elaborate protocols to avoid contamination during drilling, sampling, and amplification were used. A broad diversity of eukaryotic DNA sequences that...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.2.1012-1017.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 507 in vol. 30.]. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence and activities of urease genes were investigated in 49 clinical, food, and environmental Bacillus cereus isolates. Ten strains were shown to have urease genes, with eight of these strains showing growth on urea as the sole nitrogen source. Two of the urease-positive strains, including the sequenced strain...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02737-07
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite efforts to minimize fecal input into waterways, this kind of pollution continues to be a problem due to an inability to reliably identify nonpoint sources. Our objective was to find candidate source-specific Escherichia coli fingerprints as potential genotypic markers for raw sewage, horses, dogs, gulls, and c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4942-4950.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus, causes bacterial kidney disease, a condition that can result in extensive morbidity and mortality among stocks of fish. An immunodominant extracellular protein, called major soluble antigen (MSA), is encoded by two identical genes, msa1 and msa2. We found...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6488-6494.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high-throughput method which is applicable for rapid screening, identification, and delineation of isolates of Vibrio cholerae, sensitive to genome variation, and capable of providing phylogenetic inferences enhances environmental monitoring of this bacterium. We have developed and optimized a method for genomic fin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00151-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biocontrol agents generally do not perform well enough under field conditions to compete with chemical fungicides. We determined whether transgenic strain SJ3-4 of Trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxA, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increas...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3959-3965.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active ingredient in the increasingly important immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals CellCept (Roche) and Myfortic (Novartis). Despite the long history of MPA, the molecular basis for its biosynthesis has remained enigmatic. Here we report the discovery of a polyketide synthase (PKS), MpaC,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03015-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of colonization of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay plantlets by a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN, were studied under gnotobiotic conditions. Wild-type strain PsJN and genetically engineered derivatives of this strain tagged with gfp (PsJN::gfp2x) or gusA (PsJN::gusA11) genes w...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1685-1693.2005
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a high-rate oxidation pond, 0.1 to 1.0% of the algal population of Scenedesmus obliquus was found to be infected by a chytrid. When suitable conditions developed, these infections burst into massive epidemics that killed most of the algae. The major factors triggering massive infections were optimal oxygen concentr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.6.832-836.1977
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of hydrogenase activity to corrosion of steel was assessed by using mixed populations of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from corroded and noncorroded oil pipelines. Biofilms which developed on the steel studs contained detectable numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria (10 increasing to 10/0.5 cm). How...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.10.2804-2809.1991
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six subsurface samples were collected from a borehole at depths of 173.3 to 196.8 m in the saturated zone at the Hanford Site in south-central Washington State. The sampling was performed throughout strata that included fine-grained lacustrine (lake) sediments, a paleosol (buried soil) sequence, and coarse-grai...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.2.749-757.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in determining endotoxin activity, and childhood exposure to endotoxin has recently been associated with reduced risk of atopic diseases. To characterize the 3-OHFAs in house dust (HD), we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.262-267.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The LlaDII restriction/modification (R/M) system was found on the naturally occurring 8.9-kb plasmid pHW393 in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris W39. A 2.4-kb PstI-EcoRI fragment inserted into the Escherichia coli-L. lactis shuttle vector pCI3340 conferred to L. lactis LM2301 and L. lactis SMQ86 resistance against re...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.7.2424-2431.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of airborne mycotoxins in mold-contaminated buildings has long been hypothesized to be a potential occupant health risk. However, little work has been done to demonstrate the presence of these compounds in such environments. The presence of airborne macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins in indoor environm...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7376-7388.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP-dependent phosphorylation of [14C]galactose by 11 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus indicated that these organisms possessed the Leloir enzyme, galactokinase (galK). Activities were 10 times higher in fully induced, galactose-fermenting (Gal+) strains than in galactose-nonfermenting (Gal-) strains. Lactose-gro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.4.777-780.1985
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), designated BoBVMO and AmBVMO, were discovered from Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum and Aeromicrobium marinum, respectively. Both monooxygenases displayed novel features for catalyzing the asymmetric sulfoxidation of bulky and pharmaceutically relevant thioethers. Evolutionary ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00638-18
更新日期:2018-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of bifidobacteria to adhere to the intestine of the human host is considered to be important for efficient colonization and achieving probiotic effects. Bifidobacterium bifidum strains DSM20456 and MIMBb75 adhere well to the human intestinal cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29. The surface lipoprotein BopA was pre...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01993-13
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between physiochemical surface parameters and adhesion of bacterial cells to negatively charged polystyrene was studied. Cell surface hydrophobicity and electrokinetic potential were determined by contact angle measurement and electrophoresis, respectively. Both parameters influence cell adhesion. The...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.8.1898-1901.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria were enriched from mine water at incubation temperatures ranging from 4 to 46 degrees C, using elemental sulfur as a substrate in acid mineral salts media. Thiobacillus-type bacteria were successfully enriched for at all test temperatures except 46 degrees C. Changes in pH (-dpH/dt) were...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.2.560-562.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat-treated Escherichia coli producing Thermus polyphosphate kinase regenerated ATP by using exogenous polyphosphate. This recombinant could be used as a platform to produce valuable compounds in combination with thermostable phosphorylating or energy-requiring enzymes. In this work, we demonstrated the production of...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00278-07
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Values of Delta(34)S (=delta(34)S(HS)-delta(34)S(SO(4)), where delta(34)S(HS) and delta(34)S(SO(4)) indicate the differences in the isotopic compositions of the HS(-) and SO(4)(2-) in the eluent, respectively) for many modern marine sediments are in the range of -55 to -75 per thousand, much greater than the -2 to -46...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02948-08
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00