Abstract：
:Members of the HMG-I(Y) family of mammalian nonhistone proteins are of importance because they have been demonstrated to bind specifically to the minor groove of A.T-rich sequences both in vitro and in vivo and to function as gene transcriptional regulatory proteins in vivo. Here we report the cloning, sequencing, characterization and chromosomal localization of the human HMG-I(Y) gene. The gene has several potential promoter/enhancer regions, a number of different transcription start sites and numerous alternatively spliced exons making it one of the most complex nonhistone chromatin protein-encoding genes so far reported. The putative promoter/enhancer regions each contain a number of conserved nucleotide sequences for potential binding of inducible regulatory transcription factors. Consistent with the presence of these conserved sequences, we found that transcription of the HMG-I(Y) gene is inducible in human lymphoid cells by factors such as phorbol esters and calcium ionophores. Detailed sequence analysis confirms our earlier suggestion that alternative splicing of precursor mRNAs gives rise to the major HMG-I and HMG-Y isoform proteins found in human cells. Furthermore, the gene's exon-intron arrangement fully accounts for all of the previously cloned human HMG-I(Y) cDNAs (1,2). Also of considerable interest is the fact that each of the three different DNA-binding domain peptides present in an individual HMG-I(Y) protein is coded for by sequences present on separate exons thus potentially allowing for exon 'shuffling' of these functional domains during evolution. And, finally, we localized the gene to the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p) in a region that is known to be involved in rearrangements, translocations and other abnormalities correlated with a number of human cancers.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Friedmann M,Holth LT,Zoghbi HY,Reeves Rdoi
10.1093/nar/21.18.4259subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-11 00:00:00pages
4259-67issue
18eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Initially identified as a factor involved in tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, Grb10-interacting GYF protein 2 (GIGYF2) has later been shown to interact with the 5' cap-binding protein 4EHP as part of a translation repression complex, and to mediate post-transcriptional repression of tethered reporter mRNAs. A curre...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gky198
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:We have established a sensitive, monoclonal antibody (Mab)-based procedure permitting the selective enrichment of sequences containing the miscoding alkylation product O6-ethylguanine (O6-EtGua) from mammalian DNA. H5 rat hepatoma cells were reacted with the N-nitroso carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vitro, to give...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/19.16.4467
更新日期：1991-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The integrases are a diverse family of tyrosine recombinases which rearrange DNA duplexes by means of conservative site-specific recombination reactions. Members of this family, of which the well-studied lambda Int protein is the prototype, were previously found to share four strongly conserved residues, including an ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/25.18.3605
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:ATR functions as a master regulator of the DNA-damage response. ATR activation requires the ATR activator, topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1 (TopBP1). However, the underlying mechanism of TopBP1 regulation and how its regulation affects DNA replication remain unknown. Here, we report a specific interaction between T...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkaa756
更新日期：2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The cause of 50S ribosomal subunit collapse reportedly triggered by hybridization of a 14-base cDNA probe to the alpha-sarcin region of 23S rRNA was investigated by physical measurement of probe-subunit complexes in varying buffer conditions. The results reported here show that this probe was unable to hybridize to it...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/16.22.10817
更新日期：1988-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza A virus segment 2 mRNA expresses three polypeptides: PB1, PB1-F2 and PB1-N40, from AUGs 1, 4 and 5 respectively. Two short open reading frames (sORFs) initiated by AUGs 2 and 3 are also present. To understand translational regulation in this system, we systematically mutated AUGs 1-4 and monitored polypeptid...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkr487
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Bayesian regularization method for high-throughput differential analysis, described in Baldi and Long (A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: regularized t-test and statistical inferences of gene changes. Bioinformatics 2001: 17: 509-519) and implemented in the Cyber-T web server, is ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gks420
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear DNA from liver cells of the kangaroo rat species Dipodomysordii was fractionated and characterized with the aid of buoyant density gradients in neutral and alkaline CsCl and in Ag(+)-Cs(2)SO(4). More than one-half of the DNA was present in three density satellites, a greater proportion than in any other specie...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/1.4.559
更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Escherichia coli RuvC protein is an endonuclease that resolves Holliday junctions. In vitro, the protein shows efficient structure-specific binding of Holliday junctions, yet the rate of junction resolution is remarkably low. We have mapped the sites of cleavage on a synthetic junction through which a crossover ca...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/22.13.2490
更新日期：1994-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Abasic (AP) sites, the most common DNA lesions are frequently associated with double strand breaks (DSBs) and can pose a block to the final ligation. In many prokaryotes, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DSBs relies on a two-component machinery constituted by the ring-shaped DNA-binding Ku that recruits the ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkz265
更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunoglobulin heavy chain intronic transcriptional enhancer (E mu) is part of a complex cis-regulatory DNA region which has notably been shown to modulate V(D)J rearrangements of associated variable gene segments. We have used recombination substrates comprised of the E mu enhancer together with various lengths o...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/22.5.792
更新日期：1994-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:This laboratory has established in previous studies that Pmel 17, a gene expressed specifically in melanocytes, maps near the silver coat color locus (si/si) on mouse chromosome 10. In the current study, we have focused on determining whether or not the si allele carries a mutation in Pmel 17. Pmel 17 cDNA clones, iso...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/23.1.154
更新日期：1995-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The lytic-lysogenic decision in bacteriophage 186 is governed by the 186 CI repressor protein in a unique way. The 186 CI is proposed to form a wheel-like oligomer that can mediate either wrapped or looped nucleoprotein complexes to provide the cooperative and competitive interactions needed for regulation. Although c...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkt298
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few transcriptional regulatory networks have been described in non-model organisms. In Entamoeba histolytica seminal aspects of pathogenesis are transcriptionally controlled, however, little is known about transcriptional regulatory networks that effect gene expression in this parasite. We used expression data from tw...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkm028
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bacteriophage Mu A and B genes, which lie adjacent to each other and are colinear on the phage genome, encode proteins that catalyze efficient transposition of Mu DNA. We show that the molar ratio of A and B proteins is approximately 1:20 in extracts prepared after induction of cells containing a Mu lysogen or a p...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/16.23.11285
更新日期：1988-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Expansions of (GAA)n repeats within the first intron of the frataxin gene reduce its expression, resulting in a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, Friedreich's ataxia. While it is generally believed that expanded (GAA)n repeats block transcription elongation, fine mechanisms responsible for gene repression are not...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkl1140
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High density oligonucleotide array technology is widely used in many areas of biomedical research for quantitative and highly parallel measurements of gene expression. Affymetrix GeneChip arrays are the most popular. In this technology each gene is typically represented by a set of 11-20 pairs of probes. In order to o...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gng015
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A cell-free extract of yeast nuclei that can specifically transcribe cloned yeast 5S rRNA genes has been developed. Optima for transcription of 5S rDNA were determined and conditions of extract preparation leading to reproducible activities and specificities established. The major in vitro product has the same size an...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/10.17.5223
更新日期：1982-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:When the function of origins of replication in yeast was compromised by placing ARS sequences downstream of strong promoters, ARS activity might have been affected either by transcription or by an altered chromatin configuration induced by the construct. To distinguish between these possibilities, derivatives of the y...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/22.19.3904
更新日期：1994-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are commonly designed to repress a single messenger RNA (mRNA) target through perfect base pairing, microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs that have evolved to concurrently repress multiple mRNA targets through imperfect complementarity. MicroRNA target recognition i...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gku171
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human foamy or spuma virus (HFV) codes for a distinct set of pol gen products. To determine the minimal requirements for the HFV enzymatic activities, defined residues of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribo-nuclease H (RNase H) domain of the HFV pol gene were mutated by site-specific PCR mutagenesis. The mutant ge...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/23.14.2621
更新日期：1995-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The Chinese hamster cell line, DC-3F, is heterozygous at the DHFR locus, and each allele can be distinguished on the basis of a unique DNA restriction pattern, protein isoelectric profile and in the abundancy of the DHFR mRNAs it expresses. Although each allele produces four transcripts, 1000, 1650 and 2150 nucleotide...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/20.24.6597
更新日期：1992-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The Transcription Regulatory Regions Database (TRRD) is a curated database designed for accumulation of experimental data on extended regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes, the regulatory elements they contain, i.e., transcription factor binding sites, promoters, enhancers, silencers, etc., and expression patterns of...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/27.1.303
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of 7-methylguanine in the families of repetitive and unique sequences of rat liver chromatin DNA has been studied using the technique of DNA-DNA reassociation. Rats were injected with di[14C]methylnitrosamine and chromatin DNA was prepared 3 h later. The distribution of 7-methylguanine was found to be...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/5.9.3357
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To explain biochemical and genetic data on spontaneous nucleotide replacements in nucleic acid biosynthesis all the 8 mispairs in normal tautomeric forms have been considered. Possible B-conformations of DNA fragments containing each of such mispairs incorporated between Watson-Crick pairs have been found using comput...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/13.1.141
更新日期：1985-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) support DNA replication by protecting single-stranded DNA from nucleolytic attack, preventing intra-strand pairing events and playing many other regulatory roles within the replisome. Recent developments in single-molecule approaches have led to a revised picture of the repl...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkz090
更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, to recognize certain types of DNA lesions may represent one of the mechanisms by which this protein modulates cellular response to DNA damage. p53 DNA binding properties are regulated by several factors, such as post-translational modifications including phosphorylatio...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/30.11.2427
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of histone chaperone Anti-silencing factor 1 (Asf1) to direct acetylation of lysine 56 of histone H3 (H3K56ac) represents an important regulatory step in genome replication and DNA repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Asf1 interacts functionally with a second chaperone, Vps75, and the lysine acetyltransfer...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkz508
更新日期：2019-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Active DNA demethylation (ADDM) in mammals occurs via hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by TET and/or deamination by AID/APOBEC family enzymes. The resulting 5mC derivatives are removed through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. At present, it is unclear how the cell manages to eliminate closely spaced 5mC ...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkw059
更新日期：2016-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:ST1710, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of regulatory proteins in bacteria and archaea, plays important roles in development of antibiotic resistance, a global health problem. Here, we present the crystal structure of ST1710 from Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 complexed with salicy...
journal_title：Nucleic acids research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nar/gkp496
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
