Abstract：
:We have characterized the structural properties of heparan sulfates from brain and other tissues after depolymerization with a mixture of three heparin and heparan sulfate lyases from Flavobacterium heparinum. The resulting disaccharides were separated by HPLC and identified by comparison with authentic standards. In rat, rabbit, and bovine brain, 46-69% of the heparan sulfate disaccharides are N-acetylated and unsulfated, and 17-21% contain a single sulfate residue in the form of a sulfoamino group. In rabbit, bovine, and 1-day postnatal rat brain, disaccharides containing both a sulfated uronic acid and N-sulfate account for an additional 10-14%, together with smaller and approximately equal proportions (5-9%) of mono-, di-, and trisulfated disaccharides having sulfate at the 6-position of the glucosamine residue. Kidney and lung heparan sulfates are distinguished by high concentrations of disaccharides containing 6-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residues. In chromaffin granules, the catecholamine- and peptide-storing organelles of adrenal medulla, where heparan sulfate accounts for a minor portion (5-10%) of the glycosaminoglycans, we have determined that bovine chromaffin granule membranes contain heparan sulfate in which almost all of the disaccharides are either unsulfated (71%) or monosulfated (18%). In sympathetic nerves, norepinephrine is stored in large dense cored vesicles that in biochemical composition and properties closely resemble adrenal chromaffin granules. However, in contrast to chromaffin granules, heparan sulfate accounts for approximately 75% of the total glycosaminoglycans in large dense-cored vesicles and more closely resembles heparin, insofar as it contains only 21% unsulfated disaccharides, 10% mono- and disulfated disaccharides, and 69% trisulfated disaccharides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Tekotte H,Engel M,Margolis RU,Margolis RKdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62031126.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-03-01 00:00:00pages
1126-30issue
3eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Several lines of evidence implicate excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic mice with a superoxide dismutase mutation (G93A) have been utilized as an animal model of familial ALS (FALS). We examined the cortical concentrations of glutamate using in vivo microdialys...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00188.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The P2X7 receptor/channel responds to extracellular ATP and is associated with neuronal death and neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Whether activation of P2X7 directly causes motor neuron death is unknown. We found that cultured motor neurons isolated from embryonic rat spinal ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12286
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polypeptide composition and glycosylation of soluble isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in developing rat brain, CSF, and plasma were characterized. Soluble NCAM in rat brain consisted of several glycosylated isoforms. The degree of glycosylation was developmentally regulated. After desialylation, fo...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08321.x
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabotropic glutamate receptor (type 1; mGluR1) is expressed predominantly in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Using cultured cerebellar granule cells, we investigated the regulation of the mGluR1 mRNA expression. Levels of mGluR1 mRNA were decreased to less than half by high potassium stimulation and by glutamate...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05845.x
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiological function of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is unclear. PrP(c) associates with lipid rafts, highly glycolipid-rich membrane domains containing a large variety of signaling molecules, e.g., sphingolipids (SL). In this study, we investigated possible connections between PrP(c) and sphingolipid-asso...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05498.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that activation of protein kinase A in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, treated concomitantly with low concentrations of okadaic acid that selectively inhibit protein phosphatase-2A, enhanced the Triton X-100 solubility of neurofilament triplet proteins. We now show that peripherin and...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70051869.x
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The double C2 (Doc2) family is characterized by an N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain and C-terminal tandem C2 domains, and it comprises three isoforms, Doc2alpha, Doc2beta, and Doc2gamma, in humans and mice. Doc2alpha, the best-characterized, brain-specific isoform, exhibits Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06739.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An aminopeptidase with specificity directed toward peptides with acidic N-terminal amino acid residues has been isolated from mouse brain cytosol. Purification by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration resulted in an enzyme that hydrolyzed aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester at a rate of 13.2 mumols/min/mg pro...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08148.x
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ras-GAP SH3-domain-binding protein, G3BP, is an important component in the assembly of stress granules (SGs), which are cytoplasmic aggregates assembled following translational stress. To assess the physiological function of G3BP, we generated viable G3bp1-knockout (KO) mice, which demonstrated behavioral defects link...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12189
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental regulation of sensory function has provided an important model of plastic mechanisms mediating neural information processing. To define potential commonalities in information processing in different systems, we investigated molecular changes elicited by sensory deprivation in the developing rat olfactory...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13410.x
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet-activating factor (PAF) may be a neuromodulator involved in neural cell differentiation, cerebral inflammation, and ischemia. The PAF receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In the present study, we sought to define the specific G protein(s) that mediate PAF-stimulated phosphoinosi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67041478.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Human cerebrovascular smooth muscle (HCSM) cells, which are intimately associated with CAA, have been used as an in vitro model system to investigate pathologic interactions with amyloid beta protein (A beta...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01745.x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zebrafish, long recognized as a model organism for the analysis of basic developmental processes, is now also emerging as an alternative animal model for human diseases. This review will first provide an overview of the particular characteristics of zebrafish in general and their dopaminergic nervous system in par...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05463.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays important roles in Wnt and insulin signaling, cell fate determination, and Alzheimer-like tau phosphorylation. We discovered an isoform of tau protein kinase I (TPKI)/GSK3beta with a 13 amino acid insert in the catalytic domain owing to alternative splicing. The alternative tran...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00918.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of hydrocephalus on cerebral energy metabolites and on intermediates of membrane phospholipid metabolism has been studied in H-Tx rats with inherited infantile hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalic rats and rats with shunts placed at 4-5 days or at 10 days after birth were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging in ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67052030.x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron deficiency (ID) anemia during infancy results in long-term neurological consequences, yet the mediating mechanisms remain unclear. Infant monkeys often become naturally anemic during the first 6 months of life, presenting an opportunity to determine the effect of developmental iron deficiency. After weaning, anim...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05113.x
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbamylcholine stimulated phospholipase C activity in astrocytes in primary culture from the mesencephalon but not from the striatum or cerebral cortex of the mouse embryo. An alpha 1-adrenergic-mediated response was observed in all astrocyte populations. 2-Chloroadenosine potentiated the alpha 1-adrenergic response ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb02551.x
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia, anoxia, and hypoxia of the brain have been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in the central nervous system. To obtain data on the changes in DNA-dependent RNA and DNA polymerase as they pertain specifically to neurons and glia, nuclear enriched neuronal and glial fractions were prepared, by sucrose-gradient...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05318.x
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) concentration in CSF is potentially a diagnostic and therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to clarify the elimination mechanism of human Aβ(1-40) [hAβ (1-40)] from CSF. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, [(125) I]hAβ(1-40) was eliminated ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07311.x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) is a potent mitogen and neuronal differentiation factor. Because of its relationship to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the heregulins, it was asked if SDGF interacts with the EGF receptor or HER2/neu. SDGF binds to and causes the phosphorylation on tyrosine of the EGF recepto...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041895.x
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haptoglobin (Hp) binds hemoglobin (Hb) with high affinity and provides the primary defense against its toxicity after intravascular hemolysis. Neurons are exposed to extracellular Hb after CNS hemorrhage, and a therapeutic effect of Hp via Hb sequestration has been hypothesized. In this study, we tested the hypothesis...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.13720
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The irreversible inhibition of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity within monoaminergic neurons in the rat brain 24 h after single or repeated administration of (E)-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (FMMT, MDL 72394) was examined. The enzyme activity was determined by incubating synaptosome-rich homogenates of hypothal...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09144.x
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that pretreatment of murine cortico-hippocampal neuronal cultures with the complement-derived anaphylatoxin C5a, protects against glutamate neurotoxicity. In this study we explored the potential mechanisms involved in C5a-mediated neuroprotection. We found that C5a neuroprotects in vitro through...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00167.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) preferentially inhibit production of the amyloidogenic Abeta42 peptide, presumably by direct modulation of gamma-secretase activity. A recent report indicated that NSAIDs could reduce Abeta42 by inhibition of the small GTPase Rho, and a single inhibitor of Rho kin...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03553.x
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SH-SY5Y neural cells expressing mu- and delta-opioid receptors were maintained viable in isotonic, sodium-free buffer in vitro. Intracellular sodium levels were manipulated by various methods, and ligand binding to intact cells was studied. In physiological buffer containing 118 mM sodium, [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gl...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031053.x
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex as defined by the binding of [3H]MK-801 has been solubilized from membranes prepared from both rat and porcine brain using the anionic detergent deoxycholate (DOC). Of the detergents tested DOC extracted the most receptors (21% for rat, 34% for pig), and the soluble com...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb02522.x
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trichloroethylene, a common industrial solvent and a metabolic precursor of chloral hydrate, occurs widely in the environment. Chloral hydrate, which is also used as a hypnotic, has been found to condense spontaneously with tryptamine, in vivo, to give rise to a highly unpolar 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02710.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I induced the alpha 1 isoform of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in cultured astrocytes. In this study the effects of insulin/IGF-I on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and cell proliferation were examined in astrocytes cultured under the various conditions, to test the...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66020511.x
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the preceding report we demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in 32P-phosphoprotein labeling after 24-h exposure of cultured cerebellar granule neurons to methyl mercury (MeHg), a response that was not observed in glial cultures. In the present study we have examined 32P-labeled phosphoproteins by two-dimensional ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04579.x
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not static under normal physiologic conditions and is likely altered in neurodegenerative disease. Prevailing thinking about CNS function, and neurodegenerative disease in particular, is neurocentric excluding the impact of factors outside th...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06319.x
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
