Abstract：
:We have studied the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the acute and chronic effects of opiate on neurons of the rat locus coeruleus (LC). Acutely, opiates inhibit LC neurons by activating K+ channels and inhibiting a novel sodium-dependent inward current. Both of these actions are mediated via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins, and regulation of the sodium current occurs through inhibition of the cyclic AMP pathway. In contrast to the acute effects of opiates, chronic treatment of rats with opiates increases levels of specific G-protein subunits, adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and a number of phosphoproteins (including tyrosine hydroxylase) in this brain region. Electrophysiological data have provided direct support for the possibility that this upregulation of the cyclic AMP system contributes to opiate tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal exhibited by these noradrenergic LC neurons. As the adaptations in G-proteins and the cyclic AMP system appear to occur at least in part at the level of gene expression, current efforts are aimed at identifying the mechanisms by which opiates regulate the expression of these intracellular messenger proteins in the LC. These studies will lead to an improved understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of opiate addiction.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Nestler EJ,Alreja M,Aghajanian GKdoi
10.1016/0361-9230(94)90166-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
521-8issue
5-6eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
0361-9230(94)90166-Xjournal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In a previous study we showed that healthy highly hypnotizable subjects, during the suggestion of a moderately unpleasant situation administered in awake conditions, exhibited a sympathetic response greatly attenuated with respect to non-hypnotizable individuals. This was interpreted as a natural protection of hypnoti...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.12.003
更新日期：2006-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylphenidate (MPD) is a psychostimulant that enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system by using mechanisms similar to cocaine and amphetamine. The mode of action of brain circuitry responsible for an animal's neuronal response to MPD is not fully understood. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) h...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is described within specific regions of the adult rat pituitary gland. Immune staining methods revealed a small number of GDNF-immunopositive cells in the anterior lobe, and in areas of the neural lobe, while no immunoreactive endocrine cells were obse...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00242-2
更新日期：2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common neurological disease, causing severe disability and even deaths. Stem cell transplantation has been increasingly used in stroke therapy, and neural stem cells (NSCs) are a good source for stem cell transplantation. However, the regulatory mechanism of NSCs remains unclear. In...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.026
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine and dizziness are relatively common disorders. Patients with dizziness have a higher incidence of migraines than the general population. The discomfort experienced by these patients is often poorly controlled by medication. However, the pathophysiology of vestibular migraine (VM) remains unclear. We hypothesi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.06.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple unit activities (MUA) in 307 brainstem sites were recorded by chronically implanted electrodes in cats, using a polygraph with 4 channel MUA recording units. During transition from waking to slow wave sleep, at 15 sites including the medial preoptic area (11), the diagonal band of Broca (2) and medial anterio...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90108-6
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A reduction in nerve conduction velocity and an increase in resistance to ischemic conduction failure are early signs of neural dysfunction in both diabetic patients and animal models of diabetes. The effect of Bimoclomol (BRLP-42), a drug under clinical development for the treatment of diabetic complications, on expe...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00118-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemically administered human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) may have the potential to reduce the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of mechanical brain injury. In a series of studies we address this possibility. Previously, we studied the effects of EPO given to fimbria-fornix transected rats at the moment of inj...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The drug delivery across the brain has always been problematic due to the tight junction present namely the blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB only allows selected pharmaceutical drugs to get across it and reach the brain via lipid free diffusion process and exert their therapeutic effect. This leads to the decrease in dr...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.003
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular recordings were obtained in anaesthetized rats from single neurons located in various structures around the rostral end of the third ventricle, known to harbour integrative neurons sensing deficiencies in and originating corrective responses for water-electrolyte balance. Once arginine vasopressin (AVP) ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90097-4
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes on the release of gonadotropins was studied in female rats. In the first experiment, rats were ovariectomized and 2 days later were injected with STZ. Three weeks later rats were treated with estrogen and progesterone and blood samples were taken via intraatrial can...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90207-r
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Theories pertaining to the "why" of motion sickness are in short supply relative to those detailing the "how." Considering the profoundly disturbing and dysfunctional symptoms of motion sickness, it is difficult to conceive of why this condition is so strongly biologically based in humans and most other mammalian and ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.017
更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Eighty-four percent of principal cells in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body exhibited a transient depression of spontaneous activity following optic tract stimulation. Antidromic corticofugal activity, generated by the evoked cortical field potential, was seen in 21% of the cells studied. In those cell...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(80)80002-5
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efferent and centrifugal afferent connections of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of the mouse were studied by orthograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). MOB projects ipsilaterally to the anterior olfactory nucleus, taenia tecta, anterior hippocampal c...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90148-5
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) encapsulated into liposomes was able to protect against experimental brain ischemia in the rat. After intracarotidal administration of liposomally entrapped ATP, the ATP blood level increased dramatically whereas no change was ob...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90004-4
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spontaneous activity of hippocampal and denate units was investigated in acute and chronic experiments on adult rats. Spontaneous unitary discharges from both regions were measured before and after brief tetanic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex. An increase in the frequency of spontaneous unit activity was obt...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(76)90043-5
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method is described for the isolation and culture of neurons in the adult mammalian brain. The cell could be maintained in primary culture for more than several weeks. Whereas the neurons freshly dissociated from the adult brain did not respond to any of the neurotransmitter substances applied, the neurons regained ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90058-r
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now generally recognized that interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the cytokines that mediate the various nonspecific host defense responses to infectious pathogens. Among its now well-demonstrated effects on systemic administration are fever and acute-phase proteinemia. These effects are also activated by the cytokine...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90185-3
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is involved in several morphogenetic processes of the central nervous system. In the present study the expression of PSA-NCAM has been investigated in the rat thalamus during embryonic and postnatal development using light and electron microscopic...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.015
更新日期：2007-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intrathecally (i.t.) administered naloxone or glibenclamide, a blocker of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, on the antinociception produced by i.t. apomorphine were observed by an integrated electromyogram measurement of hindlimb flexor reflex in lightly pentobarbital-anestheti...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00002-7
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Permanent cannulae for intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion were implanted bilaterally in cats following stereotaxic procedures. After colonic temperature was recorded for a one-hour baseline, a 300 microliter ICV infusion was given of CSF control vehicle, 1:100 dilution of W3110 E. coli endotoxin (10(8) organisms/m...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90017-1
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal injuries and diseases are major causes of human disability involving vision impairment by the progressive and permanent loss of retinal neurons. During development, assembly of this tissue entails a successive and overlapping, signal-regulated engagement of complex events that include proliferation of progenit...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.016
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impairment of endosomal/lysosomal functions are reported as some of the earliest changes in several age-related neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Dysregulation of the lysosomal system is also accompanied by the accumulation of age-associated pigments and several recent reports have indicated that thi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00948-6
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although increasing evidence indicates that psychiatric symptoms are crucial characteristic of the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) and precede motor impairments, the neuronal firing activity of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) in the psychiatric symptom of PD and the involved mechanism are still u...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.05.009
更新日期：2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma gonadotropins, prolactin and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were evaluated at 15 and 30 min after third ventricular injection of bombesin at doses of 100 or 1000 ng and secretin at doses of 1000 and 5000 ng in ovariectomized (OVX) unanesthetized rats. Bombesin had no effect on plasma gonadotrop...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90053-9
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are characterised by the accumulation of a pathological conformer of PrP, named PrPsc. Molecular weight and glycosylation of the protease-resistant core of PrPsc (PrP27-30) are heterogeneous in different forms of TSEs. We analys...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00077-5
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Previous research has indicated that Alzheimer's disease impairs white matter (WM) tracts. Anatomical and neuroimaging studies have indicated that WM tracts are associated with cognitive function. Whether the abnormal WM int...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the changes of extracellular concentration of dopamine and its metabolite homovanillic acid in the striatum, the periaqueductal gray and the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord following intraplantar injection of carrageenan. In vivo microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography wit...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00460-3
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A preembedding double immunostaining technique using antibodies against methionine-enkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase was used to study synaptic relations between enkephalinergic and catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat at the electron microscopic level. The large nuclei-containing cell bodies of...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(95)02016-k
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence exists that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate both protective and pathological responses during brain hypoxia (HP). Reactive oxygen species have also been implicated in the pathophysiological response of the brain tissues to HP. Therefore, this study investigated whether a NO precursor, l-arginine (l-arg), a free...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.004
更新日期：2010-08-30 00:00:00
