Ligand conjugation: An emerging platform for enhanced brain drug delivery.

abstract：:Effects of hypothalamic stimulation and lesion on hepatic autonomic nerve activity were investigated in anesthetized rats. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area increased activity of the hepatic vagal nerve and decreased activity of the splanchnic nerve. Lesion of this area produced a rapid and strong reduction...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Yoshimatsu H,Niijima A,Oomura Y,Katafuchi T

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the role of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in stress-induced prolactin (Prl) release, adult male rats which had received monosodium glutamate (MSG 4 mg/g) on alternate days for the first 10 days of life were subjected to ether stress for 2 min. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min after e...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Mizunuma H,Khorram O,McCann SM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal human subjects made rapid extensions of the elbow from an initial position to visual targets at different angular distances (9 degrees-54 degrees). We recorded joint angle, acceleration, and surface electromyograms (EMGs) with a monopolar electrode from the triceps and the biceps brachii muscles. Both the agoni...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Yamazaki Y,Suzuki M,Mano T

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Melanin was measured by a spectrophotofluorometric method in the brains of albino rats from birth to 20 months of age. The concentration of brain melanin increased from Day 1 until adult levels were reached at 1 month. Between 1 and 20 months of age no significant differences were found in brain melanin. Daily injecti...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Kastin AJ,Kuzemchak B,Schally AV,Eggert MW Jr

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-unit responses of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) thermosensitive neurons to electrical stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH: ventromedial and arcuate nuclei) have been studied in urethane-anesthetized male rats. About half of thermosensitive neurons (46.4% of 69 warm-units and 50% of 28 cold-...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Hori T,Kiyohara T,Osaka T,Shibata M,Nakashima T

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of zinc, the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor inhibitor, were studied in mice and rats using the forced swim test. Zinc (ZnSO4) in a dose of 30 mg/kg and imipramine (30 mg/kg), reduced the immobility time in the forced swim test in both species. Moreover, combined treatment in this test with zinc an...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Kroczka B,Branski P,Palucha A,Pilc A,Nowak G

更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein (HERPUD1) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Immense amounts of research showed HERPUD1 plays multiple roles in various models. In this work, we explored the role of HERPUD1 during the pathophysiolog...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Ding W,Chen R,Wu C,Chen W,Zhang H,Fan X,Wang H,Ji Y,Xie L,Ning X,Shen L

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity, affecting a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings and sense of well-being, which is associated with dramatical gene expression changes in hippocampus. Rodents induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) demonstrate typical depression-like ...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Tao Y,Xie Z,Shi J,Ou R,Wu H,Shi H,Huang F,Wu X

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study in piglets was designed to examine cerebrovascular effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and potential mechanisms involved. Anesthetized new-born pigs with closed cranial windows implanted were used. Effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and amino...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Shibata M,Parfenova H,Zuckerman SL,Leffler CW

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The question of whether neurons versus fibers of passage in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) are essential in maintaining self-stimulation of this same area of the brain was examined. Rats were prepared with electrode-guide cannulae implanted stereotaxically to rest within MPC. A micro-injection of (KA), 10 nmol/1.0...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Ferrer JM,Myers RD,Mora F

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin transporter (SERT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are key modulators of molecular signaling, cognition and behavior. Although SERT and BDNF mutant mouse phenotypes have been extensively characterized, little is known about their self-grooming behavior. Grooming represents an important behaviora...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Kyzar EJ,Pham M,Roth A,Cachat J,Green J,Gaikwad S,Kalueff AV

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc is a basic trace element that plays important roles in brain and, consequently, its homeostasis needs to be critically controlled. High zinc concentrations in the interneuron synaptic space may induce neuronal death through mechanisms still partially solved. Undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells have bee...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Sánchez-Martín FJ,Valera E,Casimiro I,Merino JM

更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:It was found that neurons in the posterior orbitofrontal cortex, area 13, of the rhesus monkey were activated from self-stimulation electrodes (in 142 of 168 possible instances), and that neurons in the anterior orbitofrontal areas were much less likely to be activated from the self-stimulation electrodes (in only 28 ...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Mora F,Avrith DB,Rolls ET

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate pesticides targets serotonin (5HT) systems, which are involved in emotional and appetitive behaviors. We exposed neonatal rats to daily doses of diazinon on postnatal days 1-4, using doses (0.5 or 2mg/kg) spanning the threshold for barely-detectable cholinesterase inh...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Slotkin TA,Ryde IT,Levin ED,Seidler FJ

更新日期：2008-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Glaucoma is no longer viewed simply as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve. In addition to high IOP, evidence is rapidly accumulating that suggests damage to the optic nerve may be initiated or sustained by any number of factors including ischemia, excitotoxicity, neurotrophin insufficienc...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Tezel G,Yang J,Wax MB

更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated in the rat the corticocortical projections of the frontal eye field (FEF), which is located within the medial frontal cortex. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats. Seven animals received a single iontophoretic injection of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in an FEF site within the ...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Guandalini P

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose that separate sensory and hedonic representations exist in each of the primary structures of the somatosensory system, including brainstem, thalamic and cortical components. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the hedonic representation, which consists primarily of nociceptive-specific, wide dynamic rang...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Sewards TV,Sewards M

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the Huntington's disease (HD) mutation in mice (R6/2 line) causes a progressive neurological phenotype that includes deterioration of motor function resembling that seen in HD. The current study sought to determine whether or not chronic treatment of R6/2 mice with lithium chloride would have an effect o...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Wood NI,Morton AJ

更新日期：2003-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutritional factors and nutritional deficiencies have been repeatedly associated with cognitive impairment. Most of the evidence is based on cross-sectional studies, which cannot prove whether a nutritional deficit is the cause or the consequence of an impaired cognitive status. In fact, cognitive impairment, in turn,...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Del Parigi A,Panza F,Capurso C,Solfrizzi V

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to form tight junctions and the paucity of fluid phase endocytosis showed by brain microvacular endothelial cells (BMECs) make up the structural basis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Most studies on cultured BMECs focused on intercellular junctions, whereas endocytosis received lesser attention. We studi...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Defazio G,Ribatti D,Nico B,Ricchiuti F,De Salvia R,Roncali L,Livrea P

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is growing evidence that Vitamin D(3) (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) is involved in brain development. We have recently shown that the brains of newborn rats from Vitamin D(3) deficient dams were larger than controls, had increased cell proliferation, larger lateral ventricles, and reduced cortical thickness. Brai...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Féron F,Burne TH,Brown J,Smith E,McGrath JJ,Mackay-Sim A,Eyles DW

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:After injecting a mixture of tritiated amino acids into various regions of the frontal cortices of cats, autoradiograms of the mesodiencephalic junctional region were processed. When the injections were placed in the lateral part of the motor area of the hand or arm regions, silver grains were manifested in the nucleu...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Nakamura Y,Kitao Y,Okoyama S

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been shown that during physiological stimuli, such as dehydration, supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons undergo profound morphological changes. However, little is known about how much each type of cell, oxytocin (OT) or vasopressin (VP), contributes to this plasticity during dehydration. Using postembedding immunog...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Marzban F,Tweedle CD,Hatton GI

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A combination of immunocytochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were employed to study the properties of neurons within the supramammillary (SUM) complex of the rat. The SUM region contains a small, but dense, population of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons. Following injection of th...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Shepard PD,Mihailoff GA,German DC

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin release was examined in human subjects after lingual applications of D-glucose and its anomers. A dose-dependent increase in the insulin release was noted following the application of equilibrated D-glucose consisting of 36% alpha- and 64% beta-anomer. The response was not reproduced after administration of at...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Yamazaki M,Sakaguchi T

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychoactive drug use occurs in essentially all human societies. A range of disciplines contribute to our understanding of the influence of drugs upon the human world. For example pharmacology and neuroscience analyse biological responses to drugs, sociology examines social influences upon people's decisions to use dr...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Wadley G

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Massively obese males often show symptoms of hypogonadism, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Increased endogenous opioid inhibition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator resulting in insufficient stimulation of the pituitary gonadotroph has been proposed as a possible mechanism. If this hypothesis is correct, ...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Blank DM,Clark RV,Heymsfield SB,Rudman DR,Blank MS

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A current response induced by superfusing adenosine was examined in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In 78% of the neurons examined, adenosine induced an outward current at -70 mV [18.8 +/- 1.1 pA (n = 98) at 1mM] in a dose-dependent mann...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Liu T,Fujita T,Kawasaki Y,Kumamoto E

更新日期：2004-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate neural tube consists of a series of neuromeres along its anteroposterior axis. Between amphioxus that possesses no neuromeres and gnathostomes, the lamprey occupies a critical position in the phylogeny for the origin of the segmented brain. To clarify the rhombomeric configuration of the Japanese lampre...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Murakami Y,Ogasawara M,Satoh N,Sugahara F,Myojin M,Hirano S,Kuratani S

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To clarify the convergence of laryngeal afferents within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the cat, we examined in the medulla the response characteristics of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) fibers and NTS neurons to mechanical and chemical stimulation applied to laryngeal mucosa by extracellular recordings. The ...

journal_title：Brain research bulletin

authors： Takagi S,Umezaki T,Shin T

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00