Abstract:
:This study examines the allometric scaling relationships of the cetacean humerus, radius, and ulna. Bone lengths and diameters were measured for 20 species of odontocete and three species of mysticete cetaceans, representing eight of the nine extant cetacean families. The scaling of individual bone proportions (bone length vs. cranio-caudal diameter, bone length vs. dorso-ventral diameter), and of individual bone dimensions against estimated body mass, are compared to models of geometric and elastic similarity. The geometric similarity model describes the scaling relationship of bone length vs. cranio-caudal diameter and body mass vs. cranio-caudal diameter for the humerus only; geometric similarity also describes the scaling relationship of body mass vs. bone length for all three bones. None of the scaling relationships fits the elastic similarity model. The scaling relationships of bone length vs. dorso-ventral diameter for all three bones, and bone length vs. cranio-caudal diameter for the radius and ulna, exhibit negative allometry, indicating that large bones are less robust than small bones. Negative allometry of structural support elements has not been previously described for terrestrial mammals or plants. The high relative swimming speeds of small delphinids may generate sufficient stresses to require more robust bones relative to those of larger whales.
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Dawson SDdoi
10.1002/jmor.1052220208subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-11-01 00:00:00pages
215-21issue
2eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
222pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The overall anatomy of Neodasys as well as data for hemoglobin-containing cells are described. Hemoglobin-containing cells are shown to be mesodermal specializations constituting approximately 14% of the animal's total body volume (4.87 ± 104 μl). These globular cells (10-14 μm) are situated in two longitudinal rows, ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051750106
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reduction in free ribosomes and increases in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes in follicle cells during oogenesis suggest their involvement in supplying precursor material for synthesis of the vitelline and chorionic membranes of the ichneumonid parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis. The inner region of the...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051740207
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouthparts of female Corethrella brakeleyi and C. wirthi were studied using light and electron microscopy. Mandibles, hypopharynx and labium are highly sclerotized and are modified for obtaining blood meals. All structures were larger in C. brakeleyi than in C. wirthi except mandibular and hypopharyngeal teeth; th...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051610204
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from adult birds, crocodilians, Sphenodon, squamates, turtles, and from the chick embryo are compared to test conflicting hypotheses of homology of the deep dorsal thigh muscles of birds and other reptiles. This comparison suggests that: (1) avian Mm. iliofemoralis externus and iliotrochantericus caudalis (herein...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051890310
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A description of the external morphogenesis of male and female embryos of X. ferrugineus, derived from in vivo observation, is presented here. The embryogenesis of this beetle is typical of the Coleoptera, and is also similar in most respects to the generalized insect plan. Observed unusual aspects of X. ferrugineus e...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051520205
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was studied by light and electron microscopy of sections of resin-embedded follicles. The development of the follicles was divided into a series of 12 distinctive stages based on various morphological criteria. Structural changes in the oocyte, nurse cells, and follicle cells ar...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051790104
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural observations and glyoxilic acid-induced fluorescence of catecholamines indicate that tracts of axons lie at the base of the ciliary bands and run throughout their length in bipinnaria and brachiolaria larvae of Pisaster ochraceus. Two types of nerve cells occur at regular intervals within the ciliary b...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051780103
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spermatogenesis discontinues during both adult reproductive diapause and quiescence in the flightless males of Omorgus freyi. During both types of dormancy, spermatogenesis discontinuity is a dynamic process involving an uninterrupted supply of primary spermatocytes that undergoes partial development and lyses before ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1052180309
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burrow construction in the subterranean Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) primarily occurs by scratch-digging. In this study, we compared the limbs of an ontogenetic series of C. talarum to identify variation in bony elements related to fossorial habits using a morphometrical and biomechanical approach. Diamete...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.20267
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statistical and functional relationship between neural canal anatomy and locomotor mode is demonstrated in living marine mammals of the Order Carnivora. This relationship is interpreted to be the result of differential innervation and territory of musculature involved in generating the six locomotor patterns analyze...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1052140311
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The locomotory system of Solifugae is distinct from that of other Arachnida in several ways. Only three pairs of legs are involved in locomotion, while the first pair function as sensory appendages. Morphologically, the proximal region of the locomotory system in Solifugae is characterized by fused coxae. Within the p...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.21260
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a study on the changes occurring in a bdelloid species (Macrotrachela quadricornifera, Rotifera, Bdelloidea) when entering anhydrobiosis, we investigated the changes in morphology, including weight and volume during the transition from the active hydrated to the dormant anhydrobiotic state by scanning electr...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10579
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A table of development (25 stages) for the period of incubation in the pouch was constructed for Gastrotheca riobambae; it can be used to stage embryos of other egg-brooding hylids. Analysis of embryonic weights during incubation shows that the mother does not contribute nutrients, but gases and other factors are prob...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051670303
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micrabaciids are solitary, exclusively azooxanthellate deep-sea corals belonging to one of the deepest-living (up to 5,000 m) scleractinian representatives. All modern micrabaciid taxa (genera: Letepsammia, Rhombopsammia, Stephanophyllia, Leptopenus) have a porous and often very fragile skeleton consisting of two main...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10906
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identity and taxonomic distribution of paranasal sinuses among living platyrrhines has remained a contentious issue (e.g., Cave [1967] Am J Phys Anthropol 26:277-288 vs. Hershkovitz [1977] Chicago: University of Chicago Press) largely because the ontogenetic data required for their detection and identification (e....
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10263
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During suction feeding teleost fish have to start mouth opening prior to other expansion movements of the head such as operculo-suspensorium abduction. The distribution of the input force over the various expansion movements is determined by the position of the hyoid in the expansion apparatus. Based on a three-dimens...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199604)228:1<1::AID-JMOR1>
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the thickness of the cornea in snakes correlates with overall anatomy, habitat or daily activity pattern, we measured corneal thickness using optical coherence tomography scanning in 44 species from 14 families (214 specimens) in the collection at the Natural History Museum (Denmark). Specifical...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.21094
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphisbaenians are fossorial, predominantly limbless squamate reptiles with distinct cranial shapes corresponding to specific burrowing behaviors. Due to their cryptic lifestyles and the scarcity of museum specimens, little is known of their intraspecific variation, particularly regarding cranial osteology. This repre...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.20564
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three lineages of cartilaginous fishes have independently evolved filter feeding (Lamniformes: Megachasma and Cetorhinus, Orectolobiformes: Rhincodon, and Mobulidae: Manta and Mobula); and the structure of the branchial filters is different in each group. The filter in Rhincodon typus has been described; species withi...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.20160
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crocodilian naris is regulated by smooth muscle. The morphology of this system was investigated using a combination of gross, light microscopic, and micro-CT analyses, while the mechanics of narial regulation were examined using a combination of Hall Effect sensors, narial manometry, and electromyography. Alligato...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.21124
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lungs of the New Caldeonian gecko Rhacodactylus leachianus were examined by means of gross dissection and light and electron microscopy. This tropical species, which is the largest living gecko, possesses two simple, single-chambered lungs. Right and left lungs are of similar size and shape. The lung volume (27.2 ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051990104
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the overall pattern and timing of gonadal sex differentiation have been established in a considerable number of teleosts, the ultrastructure of early stages of gonadal development is not well documented. In this study, gonads from larval and juvenile stages of laboratory-reared Cichlasoma dimerus were examine...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10329
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology of the spermatozoon of representative species of the subfamily Nesomyinae (Muroidea: Nesomyidae), a monophyletic group of rodents endemic to Madagascar, was examined by light and electron microscopy to determine the sperm head shape and tail length across the species. Marked interspecific differences we...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10889
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::External features of the egg, developing embryo, and first instar nymph of Kamimuria tibialis are described. The embryonic development from the germ disc to the full-grown embryo is divided into 12 stages. The saclike embryonic rudiment is formed by the bending and folding of the germ disc. The embryo first elongates ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051830308
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The appearance, cellular distribution, and changes of sugar residues during tooth development in adults of the polyphyodont, Liolaemus gravenhorsti, were investigated by using horseradish-peroxidase-conjugate lectins (lectin-HRP). With Con A (Canavalia ensiformis), the ameloblasts (late bell stage) show granular supra...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1052220309
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioluminescent organs have evolved many times within teleost fishes and exhibit a wide range of complexity and anatomical derivation. Although some bioluminescent organs have been studied in detail, the morphology of the bacterial light organs in glowbellies (Acropoma) is largely unknown. This study describes the anat...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.20894
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphisabenia is a group of squamates adapted for a fossorial lifestyle. The skull is the animal's the main digging tool, and can present one of four principal shapes. The shovel-headed shape is considered to be the most specialized for digging. The South American genus Leposternon presents a shovel-headed morphotype, ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.20899
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The process of coelomic pouch formation in Pisaster ochraceus was studied with light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and time-lapse cinemicrography as well as with the drug cytochalasin B. As in most asteroids, the paired coelomic pouches of Pisaster ochraceus are formed from outpocketing of ...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051570107
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ventral bars, cartilaginous projections from the ventral aspect of the synsacrum that contact and form a joint with the ilium, were found in all normal chick embryos of age E9 and older. Bars were absent in a number of embryos which had been paralyzed from age E4 by the use of the acetylcholine receptor blocker alpha-...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051730205
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructure and deposition of the cuticles secreted by embryos representing eight insect orders were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Embryos of the apterygote silverfish Thermobia domestica deposit two embryonic cuticles. Deposition of the first (EC1) is initiated at the beginning of appe...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10338
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00