Evolutionary and functional substitution of extrinsic musculature in Solifugae (Arachnida).

Abstract:

:The locomotory system of Solifugae is distinct from that of other Arachnida in several ways. Only three pairs of legs are involved in locomotion, while the first pair function as sensory appendages. Morphologically, the proximal region of the locomotory system in Solifugae is characterized by fused coxae. Within the prosoma of Solifugae, an endosternite is missing: in other Arachnida, this endosternite serves as the proximal attachment site for a portion of the extrinsic musculature. How then do these skeletal modifications influence the muscular anatomy in the proximal region of the locomotory system? To answer this question, we studied the skeletomuscular anatomy of Galeodes granti at the interface between the prosoma and legs, reinvestigating the complex muscular anatomy of this body region for the first time in over 80 years and-for the first time-using detailed micro-computed tomography scans to analyze the skeletomuscular morphology. Specimens of three further species were checked for comparison. The analysis revealed differences in the number and composition of coxa-trochanter muscles in each of the four pairs of legs. These are compared in the light of serial homology. The comparison between the proximal locomotory system of Solifugae and that of other Arachnida unveils a series of analogies. Primarily, the coxa-trochanter joint is the most proximal joint to move the leg relative to the prosoma. Therefore, we argue that from a morpho-functional point of view, the coxa-trochanter muscles in Solifugae should be considered secondary extrinsic musculature. Thus, the legs gain a stable, articulated joint in the most proximal region of the leg to the prosoma, which might be advantageous for agile locomotion.

journal_name

J Morphol

journal_title

Journal of morphology

authors

Runge J,Wirkner CS

doi

10.1002/jmor.21260

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1524-1533

issue

12

eissn

0362-2525

issn

1097-4687

journal_volume

281

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Rickettsiae-like structures in the larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila auraria.

    abstract::Rickettsiae-like structures were found in the salivary gland cells of Drosophila auraria during different larval and prepupal developmental stages, from the early 3rd instar up to 14 hr after spiracle inversion. These microorganisms are surrounded by a membrane, are constantly intracellular, and occur singly or in gro...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052070104

    authors: Thomopoulos GN,Neophytou EP,Limberi-Thomopoulos S

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Chemoreceptors in the cibario-pharyngeal pump of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

    abstract::The structure of contact chemoreceptors in the cibariopharyngeal pump of the moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described. Two types of receptors designated A and B are located on the floor of the pump. Two groups of 9-12 A receptors are located in the anterior part of the pump, and two groups of two B r...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051600103

    authors: Eaton JL

    更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00

  • Four forearm flexor muscles of the horse, Equus caballus: anatomy and histochemistry.

    abstract::Two of the forearm flexors of the horse, the superficial and deep digital flexor muscles, are critical to support the digital and fetlock joints, exhibit differing insertions, and are passively supported by the proximal and distal check ligaments, respectively. These two muscles differ in histochemical composition and...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052120306

    authors: Hermanson JW,Cobb MA

    更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00

  • Fertilization and aqueous development of the puerto rican terrestrial-breeding frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui.

    abstract::The Puerto Rican tree frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, has internal fertilization and direct development on land. In light of these reproductive adaptations, the events of fertilization and early development were studied. Cytological examination of just-fertilized eggs showed that sperm entry is restricted to about 10% ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051930208

    authors: Elinson RP

    更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular and ultrastructural features of the adult and the embryonic eye in the marine gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta.

    abstract::Light and electron microscopic techniques show that the eye of the marine prosobranch gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta, is composed of an optic cavity, lens, cornea, retina, and neuropile, and is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. The adult retina is a columnar epithelium containing three morphologically distinct...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051810207

    authors: Gibsonm BL

    更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00

  • Forelimb indicators of prey-size preference in the Felidae.

    abstract::The forelimbs, along with the crania, are an essential part of the prey-killing apparatus in cats. Linear morphometrics of the forelimbs were used to determine the morphological differences between felids that specialize on large prey, small prey, or mixed prey. We also compared the scaling of felid forelimbs to those...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10712

    authors: Meachen-Samuels J,Van Valkenburgh B

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Links between the discovery of primates and anatomical comparisons with humans, the chain of being, our place in nature, and racism.

    abstract::I focus on the crucial links between the discovery of nonhuman primates by Westerners, discussions on our place in nature, the chain of being, racism, and the history of primate comparative anatomy and of so-called "anatomical human racial studies." Strikingly, for more than a millennium humans knew more about the int...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20783

    authors: Diogo R

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Avian scale development. Absence of an "epidermal placode" in reticulate scale morphogenesis.

    abstract::Timed-sequence studies have shown that reticulate scales on the ventral footpads of birds do not undergo "epidermal placode" formation during their morphogenesis, but arise as symmetrical evaluations similar to the scales of snakes and lizards. Unlike the scutellate scales on the dorsal surface of the foot, in which t...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051540106

    authors: Sawyer RH,Craig KF

    更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative study of dentition among species of Poecilia (Pisces).

    abstract::Many studies in the genus Poecilia have focused on reproductive and genetic characteristics of Poecilia formosa, the Amazon molly, and its sympatric species P. latipinna and P. mexicana. The research literature of Poecilia dentition has been limited to general tooth morphology. Essentially absent are comparative analy...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199903)239:3<271::AID-JMOR

    authors: Lewis SR,Rasch EM,Hossler FE,Kalbfleisch JH,Monaco PJ

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • A new type of somatosensory organ in the nasolabial skin of the dog.

    abstract::A new morphological type of somatosensory organ is described. It is found in the glabrous skin of the dog nose (rhinarium or planum nasale) and situated in dermis papillae. The otherwise thick epidermis forms a thin window above the organ. There are only a few layers of keratinocytes in the window and the corneocytes ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.21108

    authors: Elofsson R,Kröger RHH

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Morphological variation in the forelegs of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. I. The AMC clade.

    abstract::The Hawaiian Drosophilidae possess spectacular diversity in male foreleg modifications, many of which are unknown in other Diptera. The greatest diversity in foreleg morphology is in the antopocerus, modified tarsus, and ciliated tarsus clade (AMC Clade), a group of 95 species. The modified tarsus flies are divided in...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10783

    authors: Stark JB,O'Grady PM

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Initiation, calcification, and form of larval "archaeogastropod" shells.

    abstract::The coiled shell of gastropods begins as a cap-shaped lens of organic and calcified material that covers the posterior dorsal side of the larva. During development the cap enlarges to cover the larval visceral mass. Marginal growth then produces the characteristic coiled shell. One model of the initiation of shell coi...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199801)235:1<77::AID-JMOR6

    authors: Collin R,Voltzow J

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Postembryonic development of Tanystylum bealensis (Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae) from Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada.

    abstract::All developmental stages of Tanystylum bealensis are described. This is the first complete developmental series of a pycnogonid species collected from a natural, rather than a laboratory-reared population. Development proceeds through a series of nine instars from egg to adult, with major defining characteristics of t...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10402

    authors: Gillespie JM,Bain BA

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Spermiogenesis in the red-ear turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus): a study of cytoplasmic events including cell volume changes and cytoplasmic elimination.

    abstract::Nuclear and cytoplasmic volume changes as well as the elimination of residual spermatid cytoplasm were investigated in the red-ear turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and the rooster (Gallus domesticus). Nuclei of newly formed spermatids which were originally centrally located became eccentrically located within the cell in bo...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051980110

    authors: Sprando RL,Russell LD

    更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00

  • Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus, feeding constraints, and suction performance in the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum.

    abstract::The nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, is an obligate suction feeder that preys on benthic invertebrates and fish. Its cranial morphology exhibits a suite of structural and functional modifications that facilitate this mode of prey capture. During suction-feeding, subambient pressure is generated by the ventral expa...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10626

    authors: Motta PJ,Hueter RE,Tricas TC,Summers AP,Huber DR,Lowry D,Mara KR,Matott MP,Whitenack LB,Wintzer AP

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Microvascularization and histomorphology of lateral line organs in adult Xenopus laevis.

    abstract::The microvasculariaztion of the lateral line organs (LLOs) of the adult pipid frog, Xenopus laevis was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs) and correlative light microscopy of paraplast embedded tissues sections. Scanning electron micrographs of VCCs revealed that each neuromast w...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20232

    authors: Gerlach N,Minnich B,Lametschwandtner A

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Hind foot drumming: Morphofunctional analysis of the hind limb osteology in three species of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae).

    abstract::Hind foot drumming is a form of seismic signaling that plays a vital role in the communication of several Bathyergidae species. Hind foot drumming is initiated by the rapid movement of the whole hind limb by flexion and extension of the hip and knee. This study aimed to determine if morphological adaptations of the hi...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.21110

    authors: Sahd L,Bennett NC,Kotzé SH

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • On the allometry of long bones in dogs (Canis familiaris).

    abstract::The allometric relations of diameter and length of humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia of 108 specimens, from 63 different breeds of dogs and 12 specimens of wolves, were calculated by means of model II of regression or major axis method. Only for the tibia were the values of wolves included in the cluster formed for dog ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051900107

    authors: Casinos A,Bou J,Castiella MJ,Viladiu C

    更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00

  • Ectal mandibular gland in Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera, vespidae): ultrastructural modifications over the secretory cycle.

    abstract::An ultrastructural study was carried out on the secretory activity of the ectal mandibular gland in the wasp Polistes dominulus (foundress and worker females as well as males). Secretory activity in foundresses proceeds slowly during hibernation and early spring, becoming prominent in late spring and then falling shar...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(200004)244:1<45::AID-JMOR5

    authors: Fortunato A,Turillazzi S,Delfino G

    更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00

  • Eye size variation reflects habitat and daily activity patterns in colubrid snakes.

    abstract::The functioning of the vertebrate eye depends on its absolute size, which is presumably adapted to specific needs. Eye size variation in lidless and spectacled colubrid snakes was investigated, including 839 specimens belonging to 49 genera, 66 species and subspecies. Variations of adult eye diameters (EDs) in both ab...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20028

    authors: Liu Y,Ding L,Lei J,Zhao E,Tang Y

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Bifurcate sensilla on the tarsi of female black flies, Simulium venustum (Diptera: Simuliidae): Contact chemosensilla adapted for olfaction?

    abstract::The ventral surface of the most proximal tarsomere of each mesothoracic leg of the female black fly, Simulium venustum Say, bears approximately 60 bifurcate sensilla. Externally, a sensillum appears as a hair set into an asymmetric socket and with the distal tip flattened into two flared lobes. A single pore opens int...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051650102

    authors: McIver S,Siemicki R,Sutcliffe J

    更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00

  • Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic distribution of cytokeratins in the regenerating epidermis of the lizard Podarcis muralis.

    abstract::Using immunocytochemistry at light- and electron-microscope levels, we studied the distribution of three monoclonal antibodies (AE1, AE2, AE3) specific for mammalian alpha-keratins in regenerating lizard epidermis. We also characterized the keratins expressed during this process by immunoblotting after electrophoretic...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-4687(200012)246:3<179::AID-JMOR2>3.0.

    authors: Alibardi L,Maurizii MG,Taddei C

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • The early embryonic mitosis in normal and cooled eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

    abstract::Early embryonic mitosis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was morphologically studied in the normal eggs and in the eggs treated by low temperature (-10°C). The first embryonic mitosis is observed in the eggs at 120 to 150 minutes after deposition at 26°C. After egg and sperm pronuclei unite, a spindle is formed in each o...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051580106

    authors: Kawamura N

    更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00

  • Caudal musculature in ground sharks, Carcharhiniformes, with remarks on their phylogenetic interrelationships.

    abstract::Relationships among families of the shark order Carcharhiniformes are still being debated, for example, in relation to the inclusion of hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) and the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the Carcharhinidae. Previous morphological studies have not analyzed the phylogenetic significance of axial c...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20916

    authors: de Oliveira LR,de Carvalho MR,Soares MC

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Feeding mechanics of teleost fishes (Labridae; Perciformes): A test of four-bar linkage models.

    abstract::The feeding mechanisms of two labrid fishes (Cheilinus chlorurus and C. diagrammus: Labridae: Perciformes) are modeled using four-bar linkage theory from mechanical engineering. The actions of the feeding mechanisms are simulated by a computer program that uses morphometric data to calculate the geometry of mechanism ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052050304

    authors: Westneat MW

    更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • On the morphology of antennular sensory and attachment organs in cypris larvae of the deep-sea vent/seep barnacles, Ashinkailepas and Neoverruca.

    abstract::Barnacle cypris larvae show high morphological variation in the organs used in search of and attaching to a substratum. This variation may represent adaptation to the habitat of the species. Here, we studied SEM level morphologies of cypris antennular sensory and attachment organs in a deep-sea vent endemic species (N...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20522

    authors: Yorisue T,Chan BK,Kado R,Watanabe H,Inoue K,Kojima S,Høeg JT

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Regeneration of digits and forelimbs in the Kenyan reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniquei.

    abstract::Newly metamorphosed individuals of the Kenyan reed frog, Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniquei, are able completely to regenerate amputated digits, including the morphologically complex digital pad. The sequence of morphological events is very similar to that seen in the typical epimorphic regeneration of amphibian extrem...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051460402

    authors: Richards CM,Carlson BM,Rogers SL

    更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00

  • Novel placental structure in the Mexican gerrhonotine lizard, Mesaspis viridiflava (Lacertilia; Anguidae).

    abstract::The evolution of viviparity alters the physical relationship between mothers and offspring and the prevalence of viviparity among squamate reptiles presents an opportunity to uncover patterns in the evolution of placental structure. Understanding the breadth of this diversity is limited because studies of placental st...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20912

    authors: Stewart JR,Mendez de la Cruz FR

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Sperm head morphology in 36 species of artiodactylans, perissodactylans, and cetaceans (Mammalia).

    abstract::Detailed descriptions of mammalian sperm morphology across a range of closely related taxa are rare. Most contributions have been generalized descriptions of a few distantly related mammalian species. These studies have emphasized a generalized ungulate sperm morphology, but have not underscored several important morp...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10297

    authors: Downing Meisner A,Klaus AV,O'Leary MA

    更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00

  • Ontogeny and homology of the paranasal sinuses in Platyrrhini (Mammalia: Primates).

    abstract::The identity and taxonomic distribution of paranasal sinuses among living platyrrhines has remained a contentious issue (e.g., Cave [1967] Am J Phys Anthropol 26:277-288 vs. Hershkovitz [1977] Chicago: University of Chicago Press) largely because the ontogenetic data required for their detection and identification (e....

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10263

    authors: Rossie JB

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00