Abstract:
:Data from adult birds, crocodilians, Sphenodon, squamates, turtles, and from the chick embryo are compared to test conflicting hypotheses of homology of the deep dorsal thigh muscles of birds and other reptiles. This comparison suggests that: (1) avian Mm. iliofemoralis externus and iliotrochantericus caudalis (herein renamed "iliofemoralis cranialis") are homologous with M. iliofemoralis of other reptiles; (2) avian Mm. iliotrochanterici cranialis and medius are homologous with one of two divisions of M. pubo-ischio-femoralis internus found in other reptiles (pars dorsalis of Crocodylia); (3) avian M. iliofemoralis internus (herein renamed "cuppedicus") is homologous with the other division of M. pubo-ischio-femoralis internus (pars medialis of Crocodylia). This hypothesis implies a minimum of seven transformations in the number of muscles and their positions of origin and insertion in the evolution of Aves, five of which are recapitulated during ontogeny of the chick. The traditional recognition of three muscles in the "iliotrochantericus group" is topographically accurate, but it is a misnomer and has been a source of misdirection when these muscles are studied in a phylogenetic context. Variations within Aves in the presence of the iliotrochantericus muscles (cranialis or medius) and the iliofemoralis muscles (externus or cranialis) are results of heterochronic perturbations of a conserved developmental program. Unlike most previous interpretations, this view of homology suggests that the evolution of avian bipedality was accompanied by few myological transformations, despite profound modification of the skeleton.
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Rowe Tdoi
10.1002/jmor.1051890310subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-09-01 00:00:00pages
327-346issue
3eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The sequential changes during spermatogenesis in the testis of two species of caecilians, Ichthyophis tricolor (Ichthyophiidae) and Uraeotyphlus cf. narayani (Uraeotyphliidae), of Western Ghats of Kerala, India, were traced using both histological techniques and transmission electron microscopy. The cell nests were as...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.10231
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphisbaenians are fossorial, predominantly limbless squamate reptiles with distinct cranial shapes corresponding to specific burrowing behaviors. Due to their cryptic lifestyles and the scarcity of museum specimens, little is known of their intraspecific variation, particularly regarding cranial osteology. This repre...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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doi:10.1002/jmor.1051650302
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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doi:10.1002/jmor.1052010206
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1052240102
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jmor.1051560208
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of semithin (1 μ in thickness) and thin sections of Epon-embedded material reveals that Malpighian tubules of Formica polyctena are composed of a single cellular type throughout their length. No differentiated regions were observed. Ultrastructural traits of the epithelial cells are those of highly metabolic...
journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
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更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of morphology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00