Abstract：
:To investigate whether the thickness of the cornea in snakes correlates with overall anatomy, habitat or daily activity pattern, we measured corneal thickness using optical coherence tomography scanning in 44 species from 14 families (214 specimens) in the collection at the Natural History Museum (Denmark). Specifically, we analyzed whether the thickness of the cornea varies among species in absolute terms and relative to morphometrics, such as body length, spectacle diameter, and spectacle thickness. Furthermore, we examined whether corneal thickness reflects adaptation to different habitats and/or daily activity patterns. The snakes were defined as arboreal (n = 8), terrestrial (n = 22), fossorial (n = 7), and aquatic (n = 7); 14 species were classified as diurnal and 30 as nocturnal. We reveal that the interspecific variation in corneal thickness is largely explained by differences in body size, but find a tendency towards thicker corneas in diurnal (313 ± 227 μm) compared to nocturnal species (205 ± 169 μm). Furthermore, arboreal snakes had the thickest corneas and fossorial snakes the thinnest. Our study shows that body length, habitat, and daily activity pattern could explain the interspecific variation in corneal morphology among snakes. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the evolution of the corneal morphology in snakes, and it presents baseline values of corneal thickness of multiple snake species. We speculate that the cornea likely plays a role in snake vision, despite the fact that results from previous studies suggest that the cornea in snakes is not relevant for vision (Sivak, Vision Research, 1977, 17, 293-298).
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Da Silva MO,Gade JT,Damsgaard C,Wang T,Heegaard S,Bertelsen MFdoi
10.1002/jmor.21094subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-01 00:00:00pages
240-249issue
2eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
281pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:After placing in vitro, central subgerminal ooplasm (containing a central nucleus of Pander) from a quail germ disc of a prelaid egg (before symmetrization) on the upper layer of an isolated chicken antisickle, we observed the induction of a radially oriented preneural plate (without interference of chordamesoblast). ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10203
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hind foot drumming is a form of seismic signaling that plays a vital role in the communication of several Bathyergidae species. Hind foot drumming is initiated by the rapid movement of the whole hind limb by flexion and extension of the hip and knee. This study aimed to determine if morphological adaptations of the hi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.21110
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The function of the septomaxilla of nonmammalian synapsids has long been problematic. Distinctive features of this bone, including a prominent intranarial process and a septomaxillary canal and foramen, are characteristic of pelycosaurs and nonmammalian therapsids, but are lost in their mammalian descendants. Numerous...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1097-4687(200007)245:1<29::AID-JMOR3>3.0.C
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of an ultrastructural investigation of the gastric glands of the ruin lizard are reported. In this reptile the stomach can be divided into a larger fundus and a smaller pars pilorica. Fundic glands are characterized by three main kinds of cells: mucous, endocrine, and oxynticopeptic; the latter were not ob...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(200002)243:2<167::AID-JMOR
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new morphological type of somatosensory organ is described. It is found in the glabrous skin of the dog nose (rhinarium or planum nasale) and situated in dermis papillae. The otherwise thick epidermis forms a thin window above the organ. There are only a few layers of keratinocytes in the window and the corneocytes ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.21108
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurosecretory (Nsy) cells within the cerebral ganglion of Lumbricus terrestris were classified ultrastructurally. The Nsy cells within the subesophageal ganglion, nerve cord ganglion, and the peripheral nervous system were also examined. A comparative survey of Nsy cells of four other species of oligochaetes, Eisenia...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051970102
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about specific proteins involved in keratinization of the epidermis of snakes. The presence of histidine-rich molecules, sulfur, keratins, loricrin, transglutaminase, and isopeptide-bonds have been studied by ultrastructural autoradiography, X-ray microanalysis, and immunohistochemistry in the epidermi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10326
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of the first epidermal layers in the embryonic scales of the lizard Lampropholis guichenoti was studied by optical and electron microscopy. Morphogenesis of embryonic scales is similar to the general process in lizards, with well-developed overlapping scales being differentiated before hatching. The narrow o...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<139::AID-JMOR
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure, attachment and subsequent metamorphosis of larvae of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two points of larval anatomy are of special significance to proper interpretation of the metamorphosis: 1 Two cytologically similar blastemal tissues, each laden with f...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051340307
更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surface areas of the tracheal and cuticular systems of Peripatus acacioi individuals of different body weights were determined by morphometric analysis. The results demonstrate that both surfaces increase with body weight, although the observed increase in the surface area of the tracheal system appears to be at a...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051880210
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work is concerned with the ultrastructural organization and some histochemical features of the vacuolar cells of the demosponge Oscarella lobularis. Vacuolar cells are characterized by large clear vacuoles containing an aqueous fluid. They are commonly found in the mesohyl of this sponge and tend to constitute a ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051880104
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data describing segmental masses and moments of inertia (MOI) of limb segments are required for inverse dynamic calculations. In horses, these values are usually calculated using regression equations that have been developed from a limited number of horses representing a small number of breeds. The objective of the pr...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20829
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus has both inter- and intra-sexual dimorphism in the sound-producing (vocal or sonic) muscles attached to the swimbladder wall. The "Type I" and "Type II" male morphs differ in that dramatic structural changes related to sexual maturity occur in the mass, the area of mitoc...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052160306
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated muscle development in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, focusing primarily on the cranial muscles, using a whole mount immunohistochemical staining method. It is well established that during the very early stages of morphogenesis, until 4 days post hatching (dph), muscles required for feedi...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.10833
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermiogenesis in the South American leptodactylid frog Odontophrynus cultripes was analyzed ultrastructurally. The spermatids undergo morphological modification while still enclosed in microtubule-rich processes of Sertoli cells. Electron-dense plates resembling junctional structures appear in regions at which the sp...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052070307
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spleen of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is composed mainly of red pulp, whereas the white pulp is poorly developed. The red pulp consists of clear reticular cells intermingled with blood cells, sinusoids, and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs). The MMCs are enclosed by an interrupted connective tissue capsule and s...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052060304
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motor units of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and the single lateral gastrocnemius/soleus (LG/S) muscles of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) were found to have uniformly slow contraction times relative to homologous muscles of the cat. Though a broad range of peak tetanic tensions was found among motor units from bot...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051810305
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the allometric scaling relationships of the cetacean humerus, radius, and ulna. Bone lengths and diameters were measured for 20 species of odontocete and three species of mysticete cetaceans, representing eight of the nine extant cetacean families. The scaling of individual bone proportions (bone l...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052220208
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A table of development (25 stages) for the period of incubation in the pouch was constructed for Gastrotheca riobambae; it can be used to stage embryos of other egg-brooding hylids. Analysis of embryonic weights during incubation shows that the mother does not contribute nutrients, but gases and other factors are prob...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051670303
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, is a nocturnal marine teleost that uses social acoustic signals for communication during the breeding season. Nesting type I males produce multiharmonic advertisement calls by contracting their swim bladder sonic muscles to attract females for courtship and spawning wh...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20724
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chromatolysis study, 14 to 21 days following denervation, showed the spinal cord representation of the nerve to the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle to be in the ventrolateral cell column between cervical ganglia 14 and 15. to characterize cevical neruos nt undergoing chromatolysis, histochemical stuies were done t...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051470204
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The latest research on direct developing caecilian and anuran species indicate presence of only one generation of taste organs during their ontogeny. This is distinct from indirect developing batrachians studied thus far, which possess taste buds in larvae and anatomically distinct taste discs in metamorphs. This stud...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20544
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of the morphologic features of neurons in the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR) has been followed in Golgi preparations from the lizard Gallotia galloti between embryonic stage 32 and post-eclosion stages of specimens 3.6-4.5 cm in length. The differentiation sequence of multipolar and bitufted ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052030305
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Larvae of sea stars are surrounded by an extracellular matrix called the hyaline layer. The lectin-binding properties of this matrix were investigated in an ultrastructural study of Patiriella species having different modes of development. The planktonic bipinnaria and brachiolaria of P. regularis and the planktonic b...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199911)242:2<91::AID-JMOR2
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to find out whether the microstructure of the highly permeable skin of heat-acclimated pigeons allowing increased evaporative cooling differs from the skin of pigeons in the non-acclimated or cold-acclimated state. In addition, the correlation between epidermal morphology and cutaneous wa...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199801)235:1<17::AID-JMOR2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An otolith increment is composed of an incremental zone and a discontinous zone. Observation of the otoliths of Oreochromis niloticus with transmission and scanning electron microscopy reveals that organic fibers are concentrated in the discontinuous zone and are relatively scarce in the incremental zone. On the other...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1052110210
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vomeronasal system consists of a peripheral organ and the connected central neuronal networks. The central connections are sexually dimorphic in rodents, and in some species, parameters of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) vary with sex, hormonal exposure, body size and seasonality. The VNO of the dasyurid marsupial mou...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20593
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A biomechanical model of the jaw mechanism in some reptiles is presented. Symmetrical muscle activity that produces equal forces on both sides of the head is assumed. The model predicts the position of the most posterior bit point and offers a functional explanation for this prediction. Turtles are used to illustrate ...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051600204
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes the male reproductive cycle of Sibynomorphus mikanii from southeastern Brazil considering macroscopic and microscopic variables. Spermatogenesis occurs during spring-summer (September-December) and spermiogenesis or maturation occurs in summer (December-February). The length and width of the kidne...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.20099
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult female white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were exposed to long (LP) or short (SP) photoperiods for 6 weeks (experiment I). Another group of animals was kept for 6 weeks in SP, then injected SC with 30 micrograms prolactin twice daily for 2, 3, 4, or 6 days (experiment II). Ovaries from the mice in both expe...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jmor.1051760211
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
