Abstract:
:The effects of chronic treatment with the specific, mechanism-based, irreversible inhibitors of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19; GABA transaminase), ethanolamine O-sulphate (EOS), and 4-aminohexenoate [vigabatrin; gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG)] on the extracellular concentrations of GABA in the hippocampus have been studied using in vivo microdialysis in conscious animals. Oral dosing [3 mg/ml of drinking water, giving doses of GVG of 194 +/- 38 mg/kg/day and of EOS of 303 +/- 42 mg/kg/day (mean +/- SD)] was followed by microdialysis at 2, 8, and 21 days. The basal outflow of GABA (in the range of approximately 1-2 pmol/30 microliters/30-min sample) after 2 and 8 days of treatment was not significantly different from that in control animals, but the 21-day treatment gave significant rises in the extracellular GABA concentration (up to approximately 6-8 pmol/30 microliters/30-min sample). Both inhibitors gave similar results. Depolarisation with 100 mM K+ gave large increases in GABA release in control (approximately 20-60 pmol/30 microliters/30-min sample) and treated animals. The 8- and 21-day-treated animals showed significant increases in the stimulated release compared with control animals (approximately 80-100 pmol/30 microliters/30-min sample). Excluding Ca2+ had no significant effect on either basal or stimulated release. The significant increases in K(+)-evoked release of GABA show that the increased intracellular pool of GABA is available for release, and this may be related to the anticonvulsant action of these compounds.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Qume M,Whitton PS,Fowler LJdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052256.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
2256-61issue
5eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract::There is increasing evidence that a number of cytokines and their receptors are involved in the processes that lead to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain states. Here we demonstrate that levels of CX3CR1 (the receptor for the chemokine fractalkine) mRNA in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) increase 5.8...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05419.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a non-coding region of C9orf72 as a major cause of both frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) drastically changed the field of research on both of these conditions. Yet, despite the vast amount of work aimed at elucidating the m...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jnc.13623
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After intraperitoneal injection of rats with 6-fluorotryptophan (6-FT), brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels decreased exponentially over 1 h. Depletion was dose-dependent and maximum depletion was observed at 200 mg/kg. 6-FT (200 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Turnove...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05704.x
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) controls the communication between cells and the extracellular environment. RIP is essential in the nervous system, but also in other tissues. In the RIP process, a membrane protein typically undergoes two consecutive cleavages. The first one results in the shedding of its ect...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07248.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have synthesized and characterized a series of novel fluorescently labeled ligands with high affinity and specificity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. D1-selective probes were synthesized using (R,S)-5-(4'-aminophenyl)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl- [1H]-3-benzazepin-7-ol, the 4'-amino derivative of the hig...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09220.x
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromodulation is a fundamental process in the brain that regulates synaptic transmission, neuronal network activity and behavior. Emerging evidence demonstrates that astrocytes, a major population of glial cells in the brain, play previously unrecognized functions in neuronal modulation. Astrocytes can detect the le...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05830.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent neurochemical studies of the properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways arising from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and median raphe nucleus (MRN) have measured extracellular 5-HT in brain regions with reported preferential DRN or MRN 5-HT inputs. Here, we have tested whether electrical stimulation of th...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020791.x
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of choline, homocholine, and 4-hydroxybutyltrimethylammonium by rat brain synaptosomes was measured; the choline uptake mechanism transported homocholine but not hydroxybutyltrimethylammonium, which, in addition, did not block choline accumulation. In cats' superior cervical ganglia, preganglionic ner...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01732.x
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A distinctive autofluorescence under ultraviolet light has been observed in the cerebral cortex of young ruminants suffering from cerebrocortical necrosis. The fluorescence is intimately connected with structural elements of the brain and cannot be extracted into solvents by normal procedures. The work presented here ...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb04497.x
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein (MRP) have been implicated in membrane-cytoskeletal events underlying cell adhesion, migration, secretion, and phagocytosis. In BV-2 microglial cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited a dose-dependent increase in mRNA of both MRP (sixfo...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00458.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the neuropeptide substance P on the binding of the cholinergic ligands to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electroplaque membranes was examined at a physiological concentration of NaCl (150 mM). Substance P had no effect on the initial rate of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding at concentrati...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03510.x
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arachidonic acid (AA) plays an important role as a signaling factor in the CNS. Therefore, exposure to AA may affect cholinergic neurons in the spinal cord. To test this hypothesis, mRNA expression and activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was measured in cultured spinal cord neurons treated with increasing con...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02535.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence implicate excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic mice with a superoxide dismutase mutation (G93A) have been utilized as an animal model of familial ALS (FALS). We examined the cortical concentrations of glutamate using in vivo microdialys...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00188.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dermorphin and its Hyp6 analogue are opiate-like heptapeptides originally discovered in frog skin and characterized by the presence of a D-Ala2 residue in their sequence. They were assayed for their capacity to compete with [3H]Leu-enkephalin for binding to opioid receptors in membranes of neuroblastoma x glioma hybri...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb06336.x
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in vivo was observed noninvasively in rat brain using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy following an intravenous injection of FDG (400 mg/kg). At 3 h after infusion, four resonances with discrete chemical shifts were resolved. Chemical shift analysis o...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12945.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Near total inhibition of brain adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in rats injected with the potent ADA inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) was previously shown to reduce enzyme activity for up to 50 days during which time the enzyme exhibited reduced sensitivity to in vivo inhibition by DCF. Here, we investigated the b...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09739.x
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of cyclic AMP on dopamine receptor-coupled activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in rat striatal slices. Forskolin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and the protein kinase A activator Sp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate (Sp-cAMPS) significantly inhibited inositol phosphate formation stimulated by t...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63010222.x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that in mammalian brain histamine is metabolized solely by histamine methyltransferase (HMT), to form tele-methylhistamine, then oxidized to tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid. However, histamine's oxidative metabolite in the periphery, imidazoleacetic acid (IAA), is also present in brain and CSF...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020818.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A photolabile trifluoromethyldiazoketone derivative of kainate (KA), (2'S,3'S,4'R)-2'-carboxy-4'-(2-diazo-1-oxo-3, 3,3-trifluoropropyl)-3'-pyrrolidinyl acetate (DZKA), was synthesized and evaluated as an irreversible inhibitor of the high-affinity KA site on rat forebrain synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs). In the absen...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68041503.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria and releasable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium modulate neuronal calcium signaling, and both change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The releasable calcium stores in the ER are exaggerated in fibroblasts from AD patients and in multiple models of AD. The activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase co...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jnc.15160
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress has been implicated in mechanisms leading to neuronal cell injury in various pathological states of the brain. Here, we investigated the effect of peroxide exposure on the expression of genes coding for cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins. Primary neuronal cell cultures were exp...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00206.x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the activity of cathepsin D, the major cerebral protease, in 50 separate areas of the central nervous system of adult and aged humans, using hemoglobin as the substrate. The activity showed significant regional heterogeneity, with average differences of 50-100% between the lower and higher level areas, and...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10965.x
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species (MPP+) is the four-electron oxidation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and is widely assumed to be the actual neurotoxic species responsible for the MPTP-induced destruction of dopaminergic neurons. MPTP is oxidized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase-B...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02314.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell culture studies have shown that the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) is secreted after full-length APP is cleaved by a putative secretase at the Lys16-Leu17 bond (secretase cleavage I) of the amyloid peptide sequence. Because this cleavage event is incompatible with amyloid production, it has been assume...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10128.x
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has protective effects against beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal cell death. Because alterations of the somatostatinergic system have been described in Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the effects of the Abeta peptide and the possible protective role of IGF-I on the somatos...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02889.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteolytic fragmentation of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate-labelled catalytic subunits of different molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase demonstrates that all forms extracted from the electric organ from Torpedo marmorata are true acetylcholinesterases. This is supported by immunochemical results showing that the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb02887.x
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in bovine brain coated vesicles displayed a Km of approximately 22 microM for cyclic AMP, a Vmax of 3.2 nmol/min/mg protein, and a Hill coefficient of 1.5, suggesting positive cooperativity. The enzyme activity was stimulated by cyclic GMP with maximal indexes of stimulation rangi...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00648.x
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of skeletal muscle contain chromatographically distinct molecules that enhance the cholinergic development of cultured embryonic rat spinal cord neurons. We have recently purified a 20-22 kilodalton anionic polypeptide choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) development factor (CDF) from rat skeletal muscle extracts...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09241.x
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is great interest in soy isoflavones as alternatives to endogenous estrogens not only in hormonal pathologies, but also in inflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain. We investigated the effect of the isoflavone genistein on neuropathic pain. Genistein binds estrogen receptors (ER) with higher affinity f...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05614.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show that the expression of the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene is affected by at least three cis-acting elements. A positive regulatory element that is located between nucleotides -1,631 and -1,479 can confer cell type-specific expression on a heterologous gene. A second regulatory elemen...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03799.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00