Abstract:
:The mechanisms regulating expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-encoded superantigens from the viral sag gene are largely unknown, due to problems with detection and quantification of these low-abundance proteins. To study the expression and regulation of the MMTV sag gene, we have developed a sensitive and quantitative reporter gene assay based on a recombinant superantigen-human placental alkaline phosphatase fusion protein. High sag-reporter expression in Ba/F3, an early B-lymphoid cell line, depends on enhancers in either of the viral long terminal repeats (LTRs) and is largely independent of promoters in the 5' LTR. The same enhancer region is also required for general expression of MMTV genes from the 5' LTR. The enhancer was mapped to a 548-bp fragment of the MMTV LTR lying within sag and shown to be sufficient to stimulate expression from a heterologous simian virus 40 promoter. No enhancer activity of the MMTV LTR was observed in XC sarcoma cells, which are permissive for MMTV. Our results demonstrate a major role for this enhancer in MMTV gene expression in early B-lymphoid cells.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Reuss FU,Coffin JMdoi
10.1073/pnas.92.20.9293subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-26 00:00:00pages
9293-7issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In Huntington's disease (HD), mutation of huntingtin causes selective neurodegeneration of dopaminoceptive striatal medium spiny neurons. Transgenic HD model mice that express a portion of the disease-causing form of human huntingtin develop a behavioral phenotype that suggests dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.120166397
更新日期:2000-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Methanogenic archaea are major contributors to the global carbon cycle and were long thought to belong exclusively to the euryarchaeal phylum. Discovery of the methanogenesis gene cluster methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) in the Bathyarchaeota, and thereafter the Verstraetearchaeota, led to a paradigm shift, pushing b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815631116
更新日期:2019-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Mesothelin is a differentiation antigen present on the surface of ovarian cancers, mesotheliomas, and several other types of human cancers. Because among normal tissues, mesothelin is present only on mesothelial cells, it represents a good target for antibody-mediated delivery of cytotoxic agents. In the present study...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.669
更新日期:1998-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The het-s locus of Podospora anserina is a heterokaryon incompatibility locus. The coexpression of the antagonistic het-s and het-S alleles triggers a lethal reaction that prevents the formation of viable heterokaryons. Strains that contain the het-s allele can display two different phenotypes, [Het-s] or [Het-s*], ac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9773
更新日期:1997-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::We present evidence that pressures for early childcare may have been one of the driving factors of human evolution. We show through an evolutionary model that runaway selection for high intelligence may occur when (i) altricial neonates require intelligent parents, (ii) intelligent parents must have large brains, and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1506752113
更新日期:2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::c-Jun transcriptional activity is augmented by expression of oncogenic Ras and Raf proteins. This study demonstrates a direct correlation between Ras transforming activity and c-Jun activation, supporting an important role for c-Jun in transformation by Ras. Since we observed that Ras activated c-Jun transcriptional a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.13.6030
更新日期:1994-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::The p53 tumor suppressor protein and the MDM2 oncoprotein form a feedback-control loop that up-regulates cellular MDM2 production, blocks p53 activity, and promotes p53 decay. tsg101 was discovered as a gene whose deficiency results in neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells and the ability to generate metastatic t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1619
更新日期:2001-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The necroptosis cell death pathway has been implicated in host defense and in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. While phosphorylation of the necroptotic effector pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) by the upstream protein kinase RIPK3 is a hallmark of pathway activation, the precise checkpoints ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1919960117
更新日期:2020-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The flavin cofactor in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in an oxidized state and should be converted into reduced state(s) for biological functions. Such redox changes can be efficiently achieved by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) through a series of aromatic residues in the enzyme. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1311073110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::A lysine-to-arginine substitution at amino acid 65 (K65R) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) is associated with resistance to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), and the (-) enantiomer of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC). To further characterize the molecu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2760
更新日期:1995-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Many multifunctional tumor suppressor proteins have low stability, a property linked to cancer development. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is one of these proteins. pVHL forms part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the degradation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Under nati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707401105
更新日期:2008-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The grand partition function for a long linear system of alternating alpha and beta sequences with the restraint of a fixed number, N(alphabeta), of alphabeta boundaries depends in an extremely simple way on the alpha-sequence and beta-sequence grand partition functions, xi(alpha) and xi(beta). When the restraint is r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.5.1165
更新日期:1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::I measured the strength of interaction between a marine herbivore and its growing resource over a realistic range of absolute and relative abundances. The herbivores (hermit crabs: Pagurus spp.) have slow and/or weak functional and numerical responses to epiphytic diatoms (Isthmia nervosa), which show logistic growth ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6843
更新日期:1998-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known to bud from the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. The structural gene for the glycoprotein gB, which is essential for virus entry and cell fusion induced by HSV type 1, has been cloned in a transient expression vector containing the adenovirus major late promoter, tripartite l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5675
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of the human HSP70 gene is induced by a wide range of physiological stresses, including exposure to heat shock and heavy metals, or under nonstress conditions, such as in response to serum stimulation. We have previously demonstrated that in either case the regulated expression is at the primary level o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.3.629
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A majority of the total protein synthesis in host cell cytoplasm is inhibited by cycloheximide. Because leghemoglobin represents a large proportion of total cellular protein in the nodule, this observation suggests that leghemoglobin may be translated on the 80S-type ribosomes. Analysis of the nascent peptides isolate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3843
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and is known to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation; however, a comprehensive description of its role in angiogenesis remai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908355116
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::The stereospecificity of the beta-adrenergic receptor of turkey erythrocyte ghosts was studied. Binding of the specific beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, was found to occur exclusively with the l-stereoisomer. The stereospecificity of catecholamine binding was determined by assaying the ability of the catechola...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.10.4246
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytological preparations of interphase nuclei and chromosomes from mouse 3T6 cells prepared at various times after infection with the murine sarcomaleukemia virus complex were hybridized with the [(3)H]DNA product of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. While uninfected nuclei had an average of 4 autoradiographic gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.9.3418
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Society places value on the multiple functions of ecosystems from soil fertility to erosion control to wildlife-carrying capacity, and these functions are potentially threatened by ongoing biodiversity losses. Recent empirically based models using individual species' traits suggest that higher species richness is requ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906829107
更新日期:2010-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::HsPKS1 from Huperzia serrata is a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) with remarkable substrate tolerance and catalytic potential. Here we present the synthesis of unnatural unique polyketide-alkaloid hybrid molecules by exploiting the enzyme reaction using precursor-directed and structure-based approaches. HsPKS1 prod...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1107782108
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate hearing and balance are based in complex asymmetries of inner ear structure. Here, we identify retinoic acid (RA) as an extrinsic signal that acts directly on the ear rudiment to affect its compartmentalization along the anterior-posterior axis. A rostrocaudal wave of RA activity, generated by tissues surro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1010547108
更新日期:2011-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Euplotes raikovi of the wild-type strain 13 was found to be heterozygous (mat-1/mat-2) for the genetic locus mat, which is supposed to control the mating-type specificity of freely released mating pheromones ("euplomones"), and capable of yielding the two types of corresponding homozygotes (mat-1/mat-1, mat-2/mat-2). ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.2889
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fibroblast cells treated with a combination of inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis [cycloheximide and actinomycin D as used to superinduce interferon beta (IFN-beta)] secrete two proteins with molecular masses of 22000 and 27000 kilodaltons (called 22-kDal and 27-kDal) that are precipitable with an antiserum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.2768
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medial preoptic area has been shown to be intricately involved in many behaviors, including locomotion, sexual behavior, maternal care, and aggression. The gene encoding estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein is expressed in preoptic area neurons, and a very dense immunoreactive field of ERα is found in the preoptic re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1214094109
更新日期:2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::The Parkinson's disease (PD) substantia nigra is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar alpha-synuclein. Early-onset PD has been linked to two point mutations in the gene that encodes alpha-synuclein, suggesting that disease may arise from accelerated fibrillization. However, the identity of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.571
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::New data are reported on the influence of size on the velocity threshold for real movement. As the length of a narrow stimulus object increases, width remaining constant, the velocity threshold also increases. These findings are discussed in relation to some psychophysical experiments on contrast and some physiologica...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.65.3.516
更新日期:1970-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic copy number variations (CNVs) exist in the brain, but their genesis, prevalence, forms, and biological impact remain unclear, even within experimentally tractable animal models. We combined a transposase-based amplification (TbA) methodology for single-cell whole-genome sequencing with a bioinformatic approach...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1812702115
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The endometrial epithelium of the uterus regenerates periodically. The cellular source of newly regenerated endometrial epithelia during a mouse estrous cycle or a human menstrual cycle is presently unknown. Here, I have used single-cell lineage tracing in the whole mouse uterus to demonstrate that epithelial stem cel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1814597116
更新日期:2019-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::In preeclampsia (PE), cytotrophoblast (CTB) invasion of the uterus and spiral arteries is often shallow. Thus, the placenta's role has been a focus. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that decidual defects are an important determinant of the placental phenotype. We isolated human endometrial stromal cells from no...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1706546114
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00