Structure of a single-chain antibody variable domain (Fv) fragment complexed with a carbohydrate antigen at 1.7-A resolution.

abstract：:It is possible, by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy, to detect the conformational changes occurring in both the protein and the chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin during the photocycle. In contrast to Raman spectroscopy, a laser is unnecessary and hence the problem of a perturbing probe be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothschild KJ,Marrero H

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical studies indicate that (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is a putative fast-acting antidepressant candidate. Although inhibition of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) is one mechanism proposed to underlie ketamine's antidepressant and adverse effects, the potency of (2R,6R)-HNK to inhibit NMDARs has not ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lumsden EW,Troppoli TA,Myers SJ,Zanos P,Aracava Y,Kehr J,Lovett J,Kim S,Wang FH,Schmidt S,Jenne CE,Yuan P,Morris PJ,Thomas CJ,Zarate CA Jr,Moaddel R,Traynelis SF,Pereira EFR,Thompson SM,Albuquerque EX,Gould TD

更新日期：2019-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that have important regulatory roles in multicellular organisms. The public miRNA database contains 321 human miRNA sequences, 234 of which have been experimentally verified. To explore the possibility that additional miRNAs are present in the human genome, we hav...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummins JM,He Y,Leary RJ,Pagliarini R,Diaz LA Jr,Sjoblom T,Barad O,Bentwich Z,Szafranska AE,Labourier E,Raymond CK,Roberts BS,Juhl H,Kinzler KW,Vogelstein B,Velculescu VE

更新日期：2006-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have constructed and cloned, in bacteria, recombinant plasmids containing DNA complementary to mRNA coding for a pancreatic pre-prosomatostatin, a product of the cell-free translation of pancreatic islet mRNAs shown previously by immunoprecipitation to be a precursor of somatostatin. A clone containing a nearly ful...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodman RH,Jacobs JW,Chin WW,Lund PK,Dee PC,Habener JF

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like many other social phenomena, prostitution is increasingly coordinated over the Internet. The online behavior affects the offline activity; the reverse is also true. We investigated the reported sexual contacts between 6,624 anonymous escorts and 10,106 sex buyers extracted from an online community from its beginn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rocha LE,Liljeros F,Holme P

更新日期：2010-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormal skin manifestations. Morbidity and mortality from this disease is usually due to bone marrow failure, but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and an increased cancer predisposition also occur. Families with autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Armanios M,Chen JL,Chang YP,Brodsky RA,Hawkins A,Griffin CA,Eshleman JR,Cohen AR,Chakravarti A,Hamosh A,Greider CW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed that the mammalian genome encodes >1,000 large intergenic noncoding (linc)RNAs that are clearly conserved across mammals and, thus, functional. Gene expression patterns have implicated these lincRNAs in diverse biological processes, including cell-cycle regulation, immune surveillance, and embryonic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khalil AM,Guttman M,Huarte M,Garber M,Raj A,Rivea Morales D,Thomas K,Presser A,Bernstein BE,van Oudenaarden A,Regev A,Lander ES,Rinn JL

更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Six groups of Munich-Wistar rats underwent micropuncture study 2-10 weeks and morphologic studies 11-13 months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or after sham treatment. Diabetic rats received diets containing 6% (group D6), 12% (D12), or 50% protein (D50) and were maintained under similar conditions of moder...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zatz R,Meyer TW,Rennke HG,Brenner BM

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper studies the cathodic corrosion of a spherical single crystal of platinum in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, to map out the detailed facet dependence of the corrosion structures forming during this still largely unexplored electrochemical phenomenon. We find that anisotropic corrosion of the platinum electr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arulmozhi N,Hersbach TJP,Koper MTM

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-based hydrogels have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications, owing to the precise control of structure and function enabled by protein engineering. Nevertheless, strategies for assembling 3D molecular networks that carry the biological information encoded in full-l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun F,Zhang WB,Mahdavi A,Arnold FH,Tirrell DA

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Obese fat pads are frequently undervascularized and hypoxic, leading to increased fibrosis, inflammation, and ultimately insulin resistance. We hypothesized that VEGF-A-induced stimulation of angiogenesis enables sustained and sufficient oxygen and nutrient exchange during fat mass expansion, thereby improving adipose...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun K,Wernstedt Asterholm I,Kusminski CM,Bueno AC,Wang ZV,Pollard JW,Brekken RA,Scherer PE

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids are commonly used antiinflammatory agents whose use is limited by side effects. We have developed a series of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands that retain the strong antiinflammatory activity of conventional glucocorticoids with reduced side effects. We present a compound, LGD5552, that binds the r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miner JN,Ardecky B,Benbatoul K,Griffiths K,Larson CJ,Mais DE,Marschke K,Rosen J,Vajda E,Zhi L,Negro-Vilar A

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations at the mouse limb deformity (ld) locus result in defects of growth and patterning of the limb and kidney during embryonic development. The gene responsible for this phenotype is large and complex, with the capacity to generate a number of alternatively spliced messenger RNA transcripts encoding nuclear prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogt TF,Jackson-Grusby L,Rush J,Leder P

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities in the bovine hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system was studied by use of specific antisera. Proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities were found in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei and in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vanderhaeghen JJ,Lotstra F,Liston DR,Rossier J

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional "bulk" PCR often yields inefficient and nonuniform amplification of complex templates in DNA libraries, introducing unwanted biases. Amplification of single DNA molecules encapsulated in a myriad of emulsion droplets (emulsion PCR, ePCR) allows the mitigation of this problem. Different ePCR regimes were e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terekhov SS,Eliseev IE,Ovchinnikova LA,Kabilov MR,Prjibelski AD,Tupikin AE,Smirnov IV,Belogurov AA Jr,Severinov KV,Lomakin YA,Altman S,Gabibov AG

更新日期：2020-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinergic neuromodulation is involved in all aspects of sensory processing and is crucial for processes such as attention, learning and memory, etc. However, despite the known roles of acetylcholine (ACh), we still do not how to disentangle ACh contributions from sensory or task-evoked changes in functional magnetic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zaldivar D,Rauch A,Logothetis NK,Goense J

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic infections and tissue injuries trigger the assembly of inflammasomes, cytosolic protein complexes that activate caspase-1, leading to cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 and to pyroptosis, a proinflammatory cell death program. Although microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is known to induce t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin KM,Hu W,Troutman TD,Jennings M,Brewer T,Li X,Nanda S,Cohen P,Thomas JA,Pasare C

更新日期：2014-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain areas' functional repertoires are shaped by their incoming and outgoing structural connections. In empirically measured networks, most connections are short, reflecting spatial and energetic constraints. Nonetheless, a small number of connections span long distances, consistent with the notion that the functiona...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Betzel RF,Bassett DS

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal infectivity of HIV-1 virions requires synthesis of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Nef in some producer cells but not others. A survey of 18 lymphoid cell lines found that Nef was dispensable in three, each of which harbored gammaretroviruses. Nef-dependent cell lines were rendered Nef-independent by a cell-free ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pizzato M

更新日期：2010-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origin of paired appendages propose transformation of precursor structures (gill arches and lateral fin folds) into paired fins. During development, gnathostome paired appendages form as outgrowths of body wall somatopleure, a tissue composed of somatic lateral plate mes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tulenko FJ,McCauley DW,Mackenzie EL,Mazan S,Kuratani S,Sugahara F,Kusakabe R,Burke AC

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in peroxisome biogenesis; some peroxisomal membrane proteins are inserted into the ER and trafficked to peroxisomes in vesicles. These vesicles could also provide the phospholipids required for the growth of peroxisomal membranes, because peroxisomes lack phosphol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raychaudhuri S,Prinz WA

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms for a derived phenotype by adaptive evolution is difficult. Here, we performed a systems-level inquiry into the metabolic changes occurring in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a result of its adaptive evolution to increase its specific growth rate on galactose...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hong KK,Vongsangnak W,Vemuri GN,Nielsen J

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is closely associated with type II T cell responses. Here, we report an unexpected proinflammatory role of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis. IL-33 was expressed in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression was markedly elevated in vitro by inflam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu D,Jiang HR,Kewin P,Li Y,Mu R,Fraser AR,Pitman N,Kurowska-Stolarska M,McKenzie AN,McInnes IB,Liew FY

更新日期：2008-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A transcription factor required for synthesis of accurately initiated run-off transcripts by RNA polymerase II has been purified and shown to have an associated DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity that is strongly stimulated by the TATA region of promoters. This transcription factor, designated delta, was purified...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conaway RC,Conaway JW

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here on the isolation and characterization of a serotonin (5HT) transporter from Drosophila melanogaster. A 3.1-kb complementary DNA clone (dSERT) was found to encode a protein of 622 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 69 kDa and a putative transmembrane topology characteris...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Demchyshyn LL,Pristupa ZB,Sugamori KS,Barker EL,Blakely RD,Wolfgang WJ,Forte MA,Niznik HB

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, are mammalian neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a posttranslational conversion and brain accumulation of an insoluble, protease-resistant isoform (PrP(Sc)) of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Human and animal TSE agents ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casalone C,Zanusso G,Acutis P,Ferrari S,Capucci L,Tagliavini F,Monaco S,Caramelli M

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4 is a member of the IRF family of transcription factors and plays critical roles in the development of CD4(+) T cells into Th2 and Th17 cells. Using the infection model of Nippostrongyrus brasiliensis, we have confirmed the critical roles of IRF-4 in Th2 development in vivo by using...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Honma K,Kimura D,Tominaga N,Miyakoda M,Matsuyama T,Yui K

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural transformation (i.e., the uptake of DNA and its stable integration in the chromosome) is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacterial genomes carry the genes involved in natural transformation, close relatives of naturally transformable species often appear...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Durieux I,Ginevra C,Attaiech L,Picq K,Juan PA,Jarraud S,Charpentier X

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism by which antifreeze proteins (AFPs) irreversibly bind to ice has not yet been resolved. The ice-binding site of an AFP is relatively hydrophobic, but also contains many potential hydrogen bond donors/acceptors. The extent to which hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect contribute to ice binding has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garnham CP,Campbell RL,Davies PL

更新日期：2011-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimates of 21st Century global-mean surface temperature increase have generally been based on scenarios that do not include climate policies. Newly developed multigas mitigation scenarios, based on a wide range of modeling approaches and socioeconomic assumptions, now allow the assessment of possible impacts of clim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Vuuren DP,Meinshausen M,Plattner GK,Joos F,Strassmann KM,Smith SJ,Wigley TM,Raper SC,Riahi K,de la Chesnaye F,den Elzen MG,Fujino J,Jiang K,Nakicenovic N,Paltsev S,Reilly JM

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00