Poly(L-lysine) has different membrane transport and drug-carrier properties when complexed with heparin.

abstract：:Chaperones of the Hsp70 family bind to unfolded or partially folded polypeptides to facilitate many cellular processes. ATP hydrolysis and substrate binding, the two key molecular activities of this chaperone, are modulated by the cochaperone DnaJ. By using both genetic and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suh WC,Burkholder WF,Lu CZ,Zhao X,Gottesman ME,Gross CA

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated CaKRE9, a gene from Candida albicans, that is a functional homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae KRE9 gene involved in beta-1,6-glucan synthesis. Disruption of the CaKRE9 gene in C. albicans shows that CaKre9p is required for the synthesis or assembly of this fungal polymer. Homozygous null disrup...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lussier M,Sdicu AM,Shahinian S,Bussey H

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty years after their discovery, knots in proteins are now quite well understood. They are believed to be functionally advantageous and provide extra stability to protein chains. In this work, we go one step further and search for links-entangled structures, more complex than knots, which consist of several compone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dabrowski-Tumanski P,Sulkowska JI

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:l-Serine biosynthesis, a crucial metabolic process in most domains of life, is initiated by d-3-phosphoglycerate (d-3-PG) dehydrogenation, a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction catalyzed by d-3-PG dehydrogenase (SerA). d-2-Hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG) is traditionally viewed as an abnormal metabolite associated with c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang W,Zhang M,Gao C,Zhang Y,Ge Y,Guo S,Guo X,Zhou Z,Liu Q,Zhang Y,Ma C,Tao F,Xu P

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has shown that nuclei of young embryos (to gastrula stage) promote normal development when transplanted into enucleated eggs. As development proceeds to later stages, the nuclei become increasingly restricted in their capacity to promote normal cleavage and development, and the majority of the embryos th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hennen S

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide a transformation function between the static genomic sequence and the primary spatial specification processes operating development. The regulatory information encompassed in developmental GRNs thus goes far beyond the control of individual genes. We here address regulatory info...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peter IS,Davidson EH

更新日期：2017-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the gene-expression patterns during liver regeneration may help to reveal how regenerative processes are initiated and controlled as well as shed new light onto processes that lead to liver disease. Using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, we have examined the gene-expression program in the livers of m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Su AI,Guidotti LG,Pezacki JP,Chisari FV,Schultz PG

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytoplasmic RNA extracted from human tissue culture cells infected with adenovirus type 2 was used to program protein synthesis in a cell-free system derived from mammalian cells. Analysis of the protein product by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed ten adenovirus-specific polypeptides. Five of these were fur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson CW,Lewis JB,Atkins JF,Gesteland RF

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells that have been immunized to express optimal levels of contact hypersensitivity upon adoptive transfer to normal animals can be inhibited from doing so by incubating them with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of at least two subunits which come from cells expressing different Ly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ptak W,Rosenstein RW,Gershon RK

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The later stages of cochlear differentiation and the developmental onset of hearing require thyroid hormone. Although thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are a prerequisite for this process, it is likely that other factors modify TR activity during cochlear development. The mouse cochlea expresses type 2 deiodinase (D2), ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ng L,Goodyear RJ,Woods CA,Schneider MJ,Diamond E,Richardson GP,Kelley MW,Germain DL,Galton VA,Forrest D

更新日期：2004-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the serum proteolytic system plasminogen/plasminogen activator as a biochemical tool used by the glia or neurons, or both, for maintaining their temporary and flexible cellular interactions during histogenesis of the nervous system is under study. The present report identifies a glia cell type, the Schwann...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kalderon N

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When an ice crystal is born from liquid water, two key changes occur: (i) The molecules order and (ii) the mobility of the molecules drops as they adopt their lattice positions. Most research on ice nucleation (and crystallization in general) has focused on understanding the former with less attention paid to the latt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fitzner M,Sosso GC,Cox SJ,Michaelides A

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The oncoproteins MDM2 and MDMX negatively regulate the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53, conferring tumor development and survival. Antagonists targeting the p53-binding domains of MDM2 and MDMX kill tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by reactivating the p53 pathway, promising a class of a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu M,Li C,Pazgier M,Li C,Mao Y,Lv Y,Gu B,Wei G,Yuan W,Zhan C,Lu WY,Lu W

更新日期：2010-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The anticancer peptide PNC-27, which contains an HDM-2-binding domain corresponding to residues 12-26 of p53 and a transmembrane-penetrating domain, has been found to kill cancer cells (but not normal cells) by inducing membranolysis. We find that our previously determined 3D structure of the p53 residues of PNC-27 is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarafraz-Yazdi E,Bowne WB,Adler V,Sookraj KA,Wu V,Shteyler V,Patel H,Oxbury W,Brandt-Rauf P,Zenilman ME,Michl J,Pincus MR

更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathogenic species of Yersinia contain the transcriptional regulator RovA. In Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, RovA regulates expression of the invasion factor invasin (inv), which mediates translocation across the intestinal epithelium. A Y. enterocolitica rovA mutant has a significant dec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cathelyn JS,Crosby SD,Lathem WW,Goldman WE,Miller VL

更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apolipoprotein in human high density lipoproteins, is involved in the disease atherosclerosis. Cloned apo A-I cDNA (pA1-3) was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the human apo A-I structural gene sequence in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Southern blot ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheung P,Kao FT,Law ML,Jones C,Puck TT,Chan L

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transport of sodium, chloride, and taurocholate was studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes incubated in a balanced electrolyte solution containing 150 mM NaCl, various concentrations of taurocholate, and (22)Na, (36)Cl, [(3)H]taurocholate, and 3-O-[(3)H]methyl-D-glucose. Lithium chloride, choline chlorid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scharschmidt BF,Stephens JE

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts are widely used for mutagenicity testing but have the serious limitation that they do not express cytochromes P-450, which are needed for the activation of many promutagens to mutagenic metabolites. A full-length cDNA clone encoding the monooxygenase cytochrome P-450IIB1 under control o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doehmer J,Dogra S,Friedberg T,Monier S,Adesnik M,Glatt H,Oesch F

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:J-domain chaperones are involved in the efficient handover of misfolded/partially folded proteins to Hsp70 but also function independently to protect against cell death. Due to their high flexibility, the mechanism by which they regulate the Hsp70 cycle and how specific substrate recognition is performed remains unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karamanos TK,Tugarinov V,Clore GM

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in the expression of Hox genes have been widely linked to the evolution of animal body plans, but functional demonstrations of this relationship have been impeded by the lack of suitable model organisms. A classic case study involves the repeated evolution of specialized feeding appendages, called maxillipeds,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pavlopoulos A,Kontarakis Z,Liubicich DM,Serano JM,Akam M,Patel NH,Averof M

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Participation of two medial temporal lobe structures, the hippocampal region and the amygdala, in long-term declarative memory encoding was examined by using positron emission tomography of regional cerebral glucose. Positron emission tomography scanning was performed in eight healthy subjects listening passively to a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alkire MT,Haier RJ,Fallon JH,Cahill L

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiosperms are the largest and most successful clade of land plants with >250,000 species distributed in nearly every terrestrial habitat. Many phylogenetic studies have been based on DNA sequences of one to several genes, but, despite decades of intensive efforts, relationships among early diverging lineages and sev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jansen RK,Cai Z,Raubeson LA,Daniell H,Depamphilis CW,Leebens-Mack J,Müller KF,Guisinger-Bellian M,Haberle RC,Hansen AK,Chumley TW,Lee SB,Peery R,McNeal JR,Kuehl JV,Boore JL

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Notch (N) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates cell-cell interactions to determine many cell-fate decisions. N contains EGF-like repeats, many of which have an O-fucose glycan modification that regulates N-ligand binding. This modification requires GDP-L-fucose as a donor of fucose. The GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ayukawa T,Matsumoto K,Ishikawa HO,Ishio A,Yamakawa T,Aoyama N,Suzuki T,Matsuno K

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a neurosteroid with potential effects on neurogenesis and neuronal survival in humans. However, most studies on DHEA have been performed in rodents, and there is little direct evidence for biological effects on the human nervous system. Furthermore, the mechanism of its action is unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki M,Wright LS,Marwah P,Lardy HA,Svendsen CN

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells by increasing intracellular Ca(2+). Ca(2+) then binds to synaptotagmin-7 as a major Ca(2+) sensor for exocytosis, triggering secretory granule fusion and insulin secretion. In type-2 diabetes, insulin secretion is impaired; this impairment is ameliorated by glucagon-li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu B,Wei S,Petersen N,Ali Y,Wang X,Bacaj T,Rorsman P,Hong W,Südhof TC,Han W

更新日期：2015-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative importance of the roles of adaptation and chance in determining genetic diversity and evolution has received attention in the last 50 years, but our understanding is still incomplete. All statements about the relative effects of evolutionary factors, especially drift, need confirmation by strong demograph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiaroni J,Underhill PA,Cavalli-Sforza LL

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicting data have been reported with regard to the infectability, dysfunction, and depletion of dendritic cells (DCs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. These discrepancies could potentially be explained by the existence of multiple subsets of cells with dendritic morphology in peripheral blood. The is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weissman D,Li Y,Ananworanich J,Zhou LJ,Adelsberger J,Tedder TF,Baseler M,Fauci AS

更新日期：1995-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidants, such as those generated by metabolically activated phagocytes in inflammation, have been implicated in the metabolic activation of carcinogens, and in this study we demonstrate that the interaction of (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-dihydrodiol) with phorbol ester-stimulated polym...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trush MA,Seed JL,Kensler TW

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with the t(15;17) translocation, which generates a PML/RAR alpha fusion protein between PML, a growth suppressor localized on nuclear matrix-associated bodies, and RAR alpha, a nuclear receptor for retinoic acid (RA). PML/RAR alpha was proposed to block myeloid differen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu J,Koken MH,Quignon F,Chelbi-Alix MK,Degos L,Wang ZY,Chen Z,de Thé H

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomic level characterization of proteins and other macromolecules in the living cell is challenging. Recent advances in NMR instrumentation and methods, however, have enabled in-cell studies with prospects for multidimensional spectral characterization of individual macromolecular components. We present NMR data on t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Augustus AM,Reardon PN,Spicer LD

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00