Sexually dimorphic brain and behavioral asymmetries in the neonatal rat.

abstract：:Despite their relative simplicity, bacteria have complex anatomy at the subcellular level. At the cell poles of Caulobacter crescentus, a 177-amino acid (aa) protein called PopZ self-assembles into 3D polymeric superstructures. Remarkably, we find that this assemblage interacts directly with at least eight different p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes JA,Follett SE,Wang H,Meadows CP,Varga K,Bowman GR

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The beta-globin locus control region (LCR) consists of four erythroid-specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites, which are necessary for high-level expression of the beta-like globin genes in erythroid tissues. One of these sites, designated 5'HS-2, functions as an erythroid-specific enhancer element in transfection and t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu D,Chang JC,Moi P,Liu W,Kan YW,Curtin PT

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that supports the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic-lineage progenitors. By using growth factor-dependent cell lines, IL-3 has been shown to induce the appearance of several phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, including a 140-kDa cell surfac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Isfort RJ,Stevens D,May WS,Ihle JN

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of spatial patterns in multicellular organisms depends on gradients in the concentration of signaling molecules that control gene expression. In the Drosophila embryo, Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen controls cell fate along 70% of the anteroposterior axis but is translated from mRNA localized at the anterior pole....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gregor T,Bialek W,de Ruyter van Steveninck RR,Tank DW,Wieschaus EF

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The causes of major and rapid transitions observed in biological macroevolution as well as in the evolution of social systems are a subject of much debate. Here we identify the proximate causes of crashes and recoveries that arise dynamically in a model system in which populations of (molecular) species coevolve with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jain S,Krishna S

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Scores of homeobox gene-encoded transcription factors are expressed in a definite spatiotemporal pattern during embryogenesis and regulate a series of as yet unidentified target genes to help coordinate the morphogenetic process. We have suggested that homeobox gene products modulate the expression of adhesion molecul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones FS,Holst BD,Minowa O,De Robertis EM,Edelman GM

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Base excision repair (BER) removes at least 20,000 DNA lesions per human cell per day and is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. We hypothesize that aberrant BER, resulting from mutations in BER genes, can lead to genomic instability and cancer. The first step in BER is catalyzed by DNA N-glycosylases. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galick HA,Kathe S,Liu M,Robey-Bond S,Kidane D,Wallace SS,Sweasy JB

更新日期：2013-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:To relate transients of force by single kinesin molecules with the elementary steps of the ATPase cycle, we measured the time to force generation by kinesin after photorelease of ATP from caged ATP. Kinesin-coated beads were trapped by an infrared laser and brought onto microtubules fixed to a coverslip. Tension was a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higuchi H,Muto E,Inoue Y,Yanagida T

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Without a fully developed initial segment, the most proximal region of the epididymis, male infertility results. Therefore, it is important to understand the development and regulation of this crucial region. In addition to distinctively high activity levels of the components of the ERK pathway, which are essential fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu B,Washington AM,Hinton BT

更新日期：2014-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane (CH4) impacts climate as the second strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air quality by influencing tropospheric ozone levels. Space-based observations have identified the Four Corners region in the Southwest United States as an area of large CH4 enhancements. We conducted an airborne campaign in Four Co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frankenberg C,Thorpe AK,Thompson DR,Hulley G,Kort EA,Vance N,Borchardt J,Krings T,Gerilowski K,Sweeney C,Conley S,Bue BD,Aubrey AD,Hook S,Green RO

更新日期：2016-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Aortic endothelial cells from normal pigs and pigs with von Willebrand disease have been established in long-term cultures. Both cultures appeared similar in terms of general growth characteristics, morphologic features and ultrastructure. Immunofluorescent staining of these cultures with chicken (or rabbit) antiporci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Booyse FM,Quarfoot AJ,Bell S,Fass DN,Lewis JC,Mann KG,Bowie EJ

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein interactions with the collagen triple helix play a critical role in collagen fibril formation, cell adhesion, and signaling. However, structural insight into sequence-specific collagen recognition is limited to an integrin-peptide complex. A GVMGFO motif in fibrillar collagens (O denotes 4-hydroxyproline) bind...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hohenester E,Sasaki T,Giudici C,Farndale RW,Bächinger HP

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochrome P-450 superfamily of enzymes catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of innumerable lipophilic compounds (e.g., drugs, carcinogens, steroids). Although the three-dimensional structure of a soluble bacterial P-450 (P-450cam) has been solved, little is known about the structures of the membrane-bound mammalian...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kronbach T,Larabee TM,Johnson EF

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a cDNA from a human phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphoblast library encoding a protein that binds 125I-labeled human interleukin 12 (125I-huIL-12) with a Kd of about 5 nM when expressed in COS-7 cells. When coexpressed in COS-7 cells with the previously identified IL-12 beta receptor (IL-12R beta) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Presky DH,Yang H,Minetti LJ,Chua AO,Nabavi N,Wu CY,Gately MK,Gubler U

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Reported effects of anti-CD154 treatment on autoimmunity, alloreactivity, and inflammatory events mediated by macrophages and endothelial cells indicated that it might be an ideal agent for the prevention of intrahepatic islet allograft failure. This hypothesis was tested in MHC-mismatched rhesus monkeys. Transplantat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kenyon NS,Chatzipetrou M,Masetti M,Ranuncoli A,Oliveira M,Wagner JL,Kirk AD,Harlan DM,Burkly LC,Ricordi C

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper identifies all statistically significant dyad symmetry combinations in the Epstein-Barr virus genome. The distribution of long dyad symmetry pairings emphasizes two regions, the 5' third of the 3.1-kilobase-pair (kbp) repeat and the oriP region, the latter essential for Epstein-Barr virus replication during...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karlin S

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA molecules that bind a transition state analog for a Diels-Alder reaction (Kd = 0.35 +/- 0.05 mM) were isolated from a starting pool of approximately 10(14) sequences by affinity chromatography. After the initial rise and plateau of the amount of RNA that eluted with soluble analog, a step gradient elution was used...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morris KN,Tarasow TM,Julin CM,Simons SL,Hilvert D,Gold L

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferritin has a protein shell of 5 X 10(6) Da consisting of 24 subunits of two types, a heavier (H) chain of 21,000 Da and a lighter (L) chain of 19,000 Da. A cDNA clone of the messenger for the L subunit has been isolated from a human monocyte-like leukemia cell line. The clone contains an open reading frame of 522 nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dörner MH,Salfeld J,Will H,Leibold EA,Vass JK,Munro HN

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a critical signaling hub responsible for translating antigen binding signals to immune receptors for the activation of the AP-1 and NF-κB master transcriptional programs. Despite its importance, known substrates of TAK1 are limited to kinases of the MAPK and IKK families and include ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levin RS,Hertz NT,Burlingame AL,Shokat KM,Mukherjee S

更新日期：2016-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoreactive and bioreactive corticotropin (ACTH-like) activities have been detected in the median eminence and remaining medial basal hypothalamus of both normal and hypophysectomized adult male rats: bioreactive ACTH (pg/100 mug of protein) 1028 in median eminence and 1289 in medial basal hypothalamus; immunoreact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krieger DT,Liotta A,Brownstein MJ

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ultrastructure of the crystalline ferric mineral that forms the central core of ferritin macro-molecules has been examined by means of ultrahigh resolution electron microscopy at 100 kV. Very high magnification dark-field images reveal the presence of either a single large crystal or several smaller crystallites w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Massover WH,Cowley JM

更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, the Neanderthals have been recognized as a distinctive extinct hominid group that occupied Europe and western Asia between about 200,000 and 30,000 years ago. It is still debated, however, whether these hominids belong in their own species, Homo neanderthalensis, or represent an extinct variant of Homo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwartz JH,Tattersall I

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a genetically tractable model cyanobacterium that has been engineered to produce industrially relevant biomolecules and is the best-studied model for a prokaryotic circadian clock. However, the organism is commonly grown in continuous light in the laboratory, and data on metabolic p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diamond S,Jun D,Rubin BE,Golden SS

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We study a simple antiplane fault of finite length embedded in a homogeneous isotropic elastic solid to understand the origin of seismic source heterogeneity in the presence of nonlinear rate- and state-dependent friction. All the mechanical properties of the medium and friction are assumed homogeneous. Friction inclu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Madariaga R,Cochard A

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The anti-Tac monoclonal antibody is known to bind to the p55 chain of the human interleukin 2 receptor and to inhibit proliferation of T cells by blocking interleukin 2 binding. However, use of anti-Tac as an immunosuppressant drug would be impaired by the human immune response against this murine antibody. We have th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Queen C,Schneider WP,Selick HE,Payne PW,Landolfi NF,Duncan JF,Avdalovic NM,Levitt M,Junghans RP,Waldmann TA

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The traditional morphologically grounded placement of South American guinea pig-like rodents (Caviomorpha) within one of the two rodent suborders, Hystricognathi, has been disputed by recent analysis of protein and nucleic acid sequence data. The Caviomorpha and possibly all Hystricognathi would be considered a separa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martignetti JA,Brosius J

更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulated changes in gene expression underlie many biological processes, but globally profiling cell-to-cell variations in transcriptional regulation is problematic when measuring single cells. Transcriptome-wide identification of regulatory heterogeneities can be robustly achieved by randomly collecting small numbers...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bajikar SS,Fuchs C,Roller A,Theis FJ,Janes KA

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of bacteria in the natural environment live within the confines of a biofilm. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis forms biofilms that exhibit a characteristic wrinkled morphology and a highly hydrophobic surface. A critical component in generating these properties is the protein BslA, which form...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bromley KM,Morris RJ,Hobley L,Brandani G,Gillespie RM,McCluskey M,Zachariae U,Marenduzzo D,Stanley-Wall NR,MacPhee CE

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The lectin chaperone calreticulin (CRT) assists the folding and quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It interacts with ERp57, a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that promotes the formation of disulfide bonds in glycoproteins bound by CRT. Here, we investigated the interac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frickel EM,Riek R,Jelesarov I,Helenius A,Wuthrich K,Ellgaard L

更新日期：2002-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationships between parental effort, offspring growth, and offspring blood parasitemias are poorly known. We examined the effect of parental effort on offspring size and prevalence of trypanosomes in peripheral blood of nestling Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca aged 13 days. Trypanosome infections were likely...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merino S,Potti J,Moreno J

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00