Abstract:
:The immunoprophylactic effect of chemically inactivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in experimental pseudomonas infections was studied. Exotoxin A toxoids were prepared by Formalin (f-TXD) or glutaraldehyde (g-TXD) treatment. Immunization of mice with three or four doses (10 micrograms each) of f-TXD and the synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (50 micrograms) induced high levels of antiexotoxin A antibodies as measured by passive hemagglutination assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunization with toxoid alone did not elicit antitoxin. A significant increase in survival time and survival rate (P less than 0.01) was seen in immunized (f-TXD) and in burned and infected mice (50 to 85%) as compared with control mice immunized with formalinized bovine serum albumin (6 to 20%). Virtually 100% survival was obtained when preinfection immunization weas combined with single-dose gentamicin treatment within 24 h of infection. Immunization with g-TXD increased survival time (P less than 0.01) but did not consistently increase survival rate, and the results were not as satisfactory as those with formalinized exotoxin. The data presented indicate that active immunization with formalinized exotoxin A toxoid and adjuvant induced protective immunity to various degrees against infections in mice and could be potentially useful in prophylaxis of P. aeruginosa infections.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Pavlovskis OR,Edman DC,Leppla SH,Wretlind B,Lewis LR,Martin KEdoi
10.1128/IAI.32.2.681-689.1981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-05-01 00:00:00pages
681-9issue
2eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Brucella abortus is recognized by several Toll-like receptor (TLR)-associated pathways triggering proinflammatory responses that affect both the nature and intensity of the immune response. Previously, we demonstrated that B. abortus-mediated dendritic cell (DC) maturation and control of infection are dependent on the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01356-12
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of fungal meningitis in humans. In the absence of a protective cellular immune response, the inhalation of C. neoformans cells or spores results in pulmonary infection. C. neoformans cells produce a polysaccharide capsu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00088-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotics suppressed development of aster yellows (AY) disease symptoms in plants of china aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees.] and annual chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum carinatum, Schousb.). When inoculated chrysanthemum plants were treated by any of several techniques with tetracycline antibiotics or chloramphe...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.2.2.201-208.1970
更新日期:1970-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after infection by Shigella dysenteriae 1 or enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli has been associated with the production of Shiga toxins (verotoxins). The putative target of Shiga toxins in HUS is the renal microvascular endothelium. This report shows that preincubation of...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.9.3886-3891.1993
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis to study the mechanisms of infectivity, especially the uptake mechanism, of Chlamydia trachomatis for cultured cells. The effect of methylamine and monodansylcadaverine on the different stages of the chlamydial growth cycle in McCoy cells was examined. There was a do...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.2.534-541.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that a mutant (designated C4) of Streptococcus mutans 6715 wild type (WT) is defective in glucosyltransferase (GTF)-synthesized insoluble glucan and is avirulent in gnotobiotic rats. This study investigated the factors which would render this mutant virulent in gnotobiotic rats. Microbial a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.27.3.915-921.1980
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coaggregation-defective (COG-) mutant Actinomyces viscosus T14V(PK455), which is unable to participate in lactose-sensitive adherence, and its COG+ parent were compared to structurally define the mutational loss of cell-associated lectin activity. Immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of crude extracts or isolated fim...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.2.759-765.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zoonotic infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pose a constant threat to consumer health, with the pig being a particularly major source of multidrug-resistant isolates. Vaccination, as a promising approach to reduce colonization and shedding, has been scarcely used, as it interferes with curren...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01908-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) is an iron-dependent regulator of diphtheria toxin production and iron uptake in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is activated in vitro by divalent metal ions including Fe2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. We characterized 20 different mutations in dtxR induced by bisulfite muta...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.5.1600-1608.1994
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbit endogenous pyrogens occurred in two forms. One was an apparently single protein with a pI of 7.3; the other was a family of proteins with pI values of 4.5 to 5.0. We selected two of the latter, with pI values of 4.6 and 4.72, as representative of the group and compared them with the pI 7.3 pyrogen. Antisera rai...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.34.1.177-183.1981
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In experiments described herein, it was observed that guinea pigs with delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculoproteins under various experimental conditions, with or without passive transfer of serum from immune donors, manifested no acquired immunity against aerogenically induced tuberculosis. These results are di...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.9.5.815-820.1974
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella serovars are associated with human diseases that range from mild gastroenteritis to host-disseminated enteric fever. Human infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can lead to typhoid fever, but this serovar does not typically cause disease in mice or other animals. In contrast, S. enterica serovar T...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.3.1005-1013.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once Candida albicans comes in contact with endothelial cells, it induces cellular injury. This endothelial cell injury may be a mechanism by which blood-borne organisms escape from the intravascular compartment and invade the tissue parenchyma during hematogenous infection. We have been investigating the ability of c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.11.4714-4718.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of immunological responsiveness to a soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP) from Schistosoma mansoni was analyzed in inbred CBA/J mice infected with cercariae, one or multiple times, or sensitized using CAP. Repeated exposure to 75 cercariae at three weekly intervals (3X-75) or subcutaneous admi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.14.2.502-508.1976
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously undescribed, immunoreactive, membranous spherule outer wall (SOW) fraction produced by Coccidioides immitis (strains 634 and 735) grown in culture was isolated. Both this fraction and intact spherules were reactive with sera from coccidioidomycosis patients, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscop...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.10.2686-2694.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa and secretes a pore-forming toxin (VacA). Two main types of VacA, m1 and m2, can be distinguished by phylogenetic analysis. Type m1 forms of VacA have been extensively studied, but there has been relatively little study of m2 forms. In this study, we generated H. pylori...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00032-20
更新日期:2020-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and transduces downstream signaling to activate the host defense. Here we report that in addition to direct PAMP-PRR interactions, live Candida albicans cells can release soluble factors to ac...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01041-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study responses to Mycobacterium leprae antigens, we developed an in vitro model system in which latex particles coated with M. leprae sonic extract (MLSON) antigen were presented to monocytes. Uptake and oxidative response as measured by superoxide production to these antigens were investigated. Phagocytosis of ML...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.9.3724-3729.1993
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reproducibility of an experimental result is a fundamental assumption in science. Yet, results that are merely confirmatory of previous findings are given low priority and can be difficult to publish. Furthermore, the complex and chaotic nature of biological systems imposes limitations on the replicability of scie...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1128/IAI.00908-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholera toxin (CT) and the type II heat-labile enterotoxins (HLT) LT-IIa and LT-IIb act as potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants and induce distinct T-helper (Th)-cell cytokine profiles. In the present study, CT and the type II HLT were found to differentially affect cytokine production by anti-CD3-stimulated human pe...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4486-4492.2001
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we isolated a high-molecular-weight immunogenic polysaccharide (designated PS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 (IT-1). The method which we used was modified to permit the isolation of a similar PS from P. aeruginosa IT-2. This antigen was composed primarily of carbohydrate, had a complex monosacch...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.34.2.461-468.1981
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::As an intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii is likely to exploit proteases for host cell invasion, acquisition of nutrients, avoidance of host protective responses, escape from the parasitophorous vacuole, differentiation, and other activities. T. gondii serine protease inhibitor 1 (TgPI1) is the most ab...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.06167-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomics revealed the sequence of 3924 genes of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proteomics complements genomics in showing which genes are really expressed, and here we show the expression of six genes not predicted by genomics, as proved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser des...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.69.9.5905-5907.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chlamydial inclusion occupies a unique niche within the eukaryotic cell that does not interact with endocytic compartments but instead is fusogenic with a subset of sphingomyelin-containing exocytic vesicles. The Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion acquires these distinctive properties by as early as 2 h postinfection...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.2.973-984.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 1.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing the plasminogen activator gene (pla) of Yersinia pestis, which determines both plasminogen activator and coagulase activities of the species. The sequence revealed the presence of a 936-base-pair open reading frame that constitutes ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.5.1517-1523.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pac gene of the serotype c strain Streptococcus mutans MT8148 encodes a cell surface protein antigen (PAc) of approximate 190 kilodaltons. The serotype c strain S. mutans GS-5 does not produce the 190-kilodalton PAc but produces a lower-molecular-weight protein that reacts with anti-PAc serum. The SphI-BamHI fragm...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.2.289-296.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The infiltration of neutrophils which phagocytose and kill microorganisms is an important defense mechanism against infections of the airways. Bordetella pertussis is a human respiratory pathogen which colonizes ciliated epithelium, causing whooping cough. We have investigated the effects of the peptidoglycan fragment...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.2.639-643.1994
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among a number of laboratory strains of Listeria monocytogenes used in experimental infection, strain LO28 is highly capable of inducing robust beta interferon (IFN-β) production in infected macrophages. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the IFN-β-inducing ability of LO28 by comparing it with t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.06162-11
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The indigenous microbial flora of the middle ear cavity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, was isolated, characterized, and identified, showing it to be sparse and transitory. Organisms, when found in the middle ear cavity, were most likely to be Staphylococcus epidermidis-like organisms. Cerumen from the ex...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.32.3.1113-1118.1981
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the pH of the gingival crevice increases from below neutrality in health to above pH 8 in disease, we decided to investigate the effect of environmental pH on the growth and enzyme activity of Bacteroides gingivalis W50. Cells were grown in a chemostat under hemin-excess conditions over a range of pH values; sta...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.5.1096-1100.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00