Photoregulation of biological activity by photocromic reagents. II. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.

abstract：:We estimated the unliganded opening and closing rate constants of neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor-channels (AChRs) having mutations that increased the gating equilibrium constant. For some mutant combinations, spontaneous openings occurred in clusters. For 25 different constructs, the unliganded gating equilibriu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Purohit P,Auerbach A

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified the mutation responsible for the autosomal recessive wasted (wst) mutation of the mouse. Wasted mice are characterized by wasting and neurological and immunological abnormalities starting at 21 days after birth; they die by 28 days. A deletion of 15.8 kb in wasted mice abolishes expression of a gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chambers DM,Peters J,Abbott CM

更新日期：1998-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin condensation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Recently, it was shown that the transcriptional activation of Hoxd genes during vertebrate digit development involves modifications in 3D interactions within and around the HoxD gene cluster. This reorganization follows a global trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fabre PJ,Benke A,Joye E,Nguyen Huynh TH,Manley S,Duboule D

更新日期：2015-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly aggressive character of melanoma makes it an excellent model for probing the mechanisms underlying metastasis, which remains one of the most difficult challenges in treating cancer. We find that miR-182, member of a miRNA cluster in a chromosomal locus (7q31-34) frequently amplified in melanoma, is commonly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Segura MF,Hanniford D,Menendez S,Reavie L,Zou X,Alvarez-Diaz S,Zakrzewski J,Blochin E,Rose A,Bogunovic D,Polsky D,Wei J,Lee P,Belitskaya-Levy I,Bhardwaj N,Osman I,Hernando E

更新日期：2009-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The covalent attachment of heme to apocytochrome c, and therefore the import of cytochrome c into mitochondria, is dependent on both NADH plus a cytosolic cofactor that has been identified to be FMN or FAD. NADH in concert with flavin nucleotides mediates the reduction of heme. Heme in the reduced state is a prerequis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nicholson DW,Neupert W

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) is the only major fiber bundle connecting dorsolateral and ventrolateral visual cortex. Only a handful of studies have examined the anatomy of the VOF or its role in cognition in the living human brain. Here, we trace the contentious history of the VOF, beginning with its origin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yeatman JD,Weiner KS,Pestilli F,Rokem A,Mezer A,Wandell BA

更新日期：2014-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired infection. Biofilm formation at the site of infection reduces antimicrobial susceptibility and can lead to chronic infection. During biofilm formation, a subset of cells liberate cytoplasmic proteins and DNA, which are repurposed to for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeFrancesco AS,Masloboeva N,Syed AK,DeLoughery A,Bradshaw N,Li GW,Gilmore MS,Walker S,Losick R

更新日期：2017-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease widespread in Africa. The primary cycle involves mosquitoes and wild and domestic ruminant hosts. Humans are usually contaminated after contact with infected ruminants. As many environmental, agricultural, epidemiological, and anthropogenic factors are implicated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lancelot R,Béral M,Rakotoharinome VM,Andriamandimby SF,Héraud JM,Coste C,Apolloni A,Squarzoni-Diaw C,de La Rocque S,Formenty PB,Bouyer J,Wint GR,Cardinale E

更新日期：2017-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical data showing correlations between low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and high bone turnover markers, low bone mineral density, and an increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures are buttressed by mouse genetic and pharmacological studies identifying a direct action of TSH on the skeleton. Here ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun L,Zhu LL,Lu P,Yuen T,Li J,Ma R,Baliram R,Moonga SS,Liu P,Zallone A,New MI,Davies TF,Zaidi M

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging and some pathological conditions are associated with the accumulation of altered (inactive or less active) forms of enzymes. It was suggested that these age-related alterations reflect spontaneous changes in protein conformation and/or posttranslational modifications (e.g., oxidation). Because changes in protein...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chao CC,Ma YS,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human isoform 2 of pantothenate kinase (PanK2) is localized to the mitochondria, and mutations in this protein are associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. PanK2 inhibition by acetyl-CoA is so stringent (IC50 < 1 microM) that it is unclear how the enzyme functions in the presence of intracellular ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leonardi R,Rock CO,Jackowski S,Zhang YM

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of gap junctions (GJs) caused by mutations in connexin26 (Cx26) and Cx30 accounts for nearly half of all cases of hereditary nonsyndromic deafness cases. Although it is widely held that GJs connecting supporting cells in the organ of Corti mainly provide ionic pathways for rapid removal of K+ around the ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Tang W,Ahmad S,Sipp JA,Chen P,Lin X

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A near-full-length casbene synthase cDNA clone, pCS7, was isolated by using a partial cDNA clone, pCS4, to probe a lambda gt10 library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA from elicited castor bean seedlings. The cDNA insert had a length of 1983 bases with a polyadenylate tail of 19 bases. Translation of the cDNA sequence re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mau CJ,West CA

更新日期：1994-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) with specific Abs is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment, although the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the Abs' biological activity are not completely known. We targeted the transmembrane RTK for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with a monoclonal Ab (DN...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petrelli A,Circosta P,Granziero L,Mazzone M,Pisacane A,Fenoglio S,Comoglio PM,Giordano S

更新日期：2006-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial capsules are surface layers made of long-chain polysaccharides. They are anchored to the outer membrane of many Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pasteurella multocida. Capsules protect pathogens from host defenses includ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willis LM,Stupak J,Richards MR,Lowary TL,Li J,Whitfield C

更新日期：2013-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Death of pancreatic β cells is a pathological hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the molecular mechanisms of β cell death and its regulation are poorly understood. Here we describe a unique regulatory pathway of β cell death that comprises microRNA-21, its target tumor suppressor PDCD4, and its upstream trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruan Q,Wang T,Kameswaran V,Wei Q,Johnson DS,Matschinsky F,Shi W,Chen YH

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The tendency for genetic architectures to exhibit epistasis among mutations plays a central role in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology and in theoretical descriptions of many evolutionary processes. Nevertheless, few studies unquestionably show whether, and how, mutations typically interact. Beneficial mutat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanjuán R,Moya A,Elena SF

更新日期：2004-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:An inversion loop seen in heteroduplex mapping of the DNA of mature Mu phage induced from a lysogen is observed also in defective lambda phage carrying one end of Mu. 14% of the DNA of Mu, including this region, designated the G loop, is shown to be to the right of all known genes in the prophage map. The inhomogeneou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daniell E,Boram W,Abelson J

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The S(N)2 displacement of Cl(-) from 1,2-dichloroethane by acetate (CH(3)CO(2)(-)) in water and by the carboxylate of the active site aspartate in the haloalkane dehalogenase of Xanthobacter autothropicus have been compared by using molecular dynamics simulations. In aqueous solution, six families of contact-pair stru...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hur S,Kahn K,Bruice TC

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers using superconducting magnets have enabled, with their ultrafine spectral resolution, the determination of the structure of large molecules such as proteins, which is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy. Many chemical and biotechnological applications, ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ha D,Paulsen J,Sun N,Song YQ,Ham D

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple independent mutations in neuroligin genes were identified in patients with familial autism, including the R451C substitution in neuroligin-3 (NL3). Previous studies showed that NL3(R451C) knock-in mice exhibited modestly impaired social behaviors, enhanced water maze learning abilities, and increased synaptic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Etherton M,Földy C,Sharma M,Tabuchi K,Liu X,Shamloo M,Malenka RC,Südhof TC

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Two deletion-substitution mutations of phage lambda, spi-113 and spi-274, are shown to remove about half of the rightward operator OR. Physiological studies show that spi-113 is still repressible. Thus, the 50 or so nucleotides of OR deleted in this mutant are not absolutely essential for repression. prm-116, which in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith GR,Eisen H,Reichardt L,Hedgepeth J

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate the use of self-assembly for the integration of freestanding micrometer-scale components, including single-crystal, silicon field-effect transistors (FETs) and diffusion resistors, onto flexible plastic substrates. Preferential self-assembly of multiple microcomponent types onto a common platform is ach...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stauth SA,Parviz BA

更新日期：2006-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been recognized since ancient times that malaria fever is highly periodic but the mechanism has been poorly understood. Malaria fever is related to the parasite growth cycle in erythrocytes. After a fixed period of replication, a mature parasite (schizont) causes the infected erythrocyte to rupture, releasing p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwiatkowski D,Nowak M

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4-8- thymocyte subset contains immature precursors for phenotypically and functionally mature CD4+8- and CD4-8+ thymocytes and peripheral T cells, as well as nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes, most of which die in situ. The intrathymic death of most thymocytes is probably related to selective influences that ensure th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guidos CJ,Weissman IL,Adkins B

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DL-1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol (1,2-DiC8) added to human peripheral resting T lymphocytes was rapidly metabolized to produce octanoic acid and further to small molecules, probably by the action of diacylglycerol lipase and/or nonspecific esterase. Only a small portion was converted to the corresponding phosphatidic acid or...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asaoka Y,Oka M,Yoshida K,Nishizuka Y

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The solar system formed from interstellar dust and gas in a molecular cloud. Astronomical observations show that typical interstellar dust consists of amorphous (a-) silicate and organic carbon. Bona fide physical samples for laboratory studies would yield unprecedented insight about solar system formation, but they w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishii HA,Bradley JP,Bechtel HA,Brownlee DE,Bustillo KC,Ciston J,Cuzzi JN,Floss C,Joswiak DJ

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must be tightly controlled. However, the mechanism by which NLR prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng YT,Li Y,Huang S,Huang Y,Dong X,Zhang Y,Li X

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Photonic materials with positionally ordered structure can interact strongly with light to produce brilliant structural colors. Here, we found that the nonperiodic nematic liquid crystals of nanoplates can also display structural color with only significant orientational order. Owing to the loose stacking of the nemat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zeng M,King D,Huang D,Do C,Wang L,Chen M,Lei S,Lin P,Chen Y,Cheng Z

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase C (PKC) and Syk protein tyrosine kinase play critical roles in immune cell activation including that through the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcepsilonRI. Mechanisms by which PKC activation leads to the activation of Ras, a family of GTPases essential for immune cell activation, have been elusive. We pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawakami Y,Kitaura J,Yao L,McHenry RW,Kawakami Y,Newton AC,Kang S,Kato RM,Leitges M,Rawlings DJ,Kawakami T

更新日期：2003-08-05 00:00:00