Abstract:
:A double-antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for the detection of Australia antigen and antibodies to Australia antigen in human sera. The assay is simple to perform, and can be completed in 18 hr. Based on parallel studies of human sera, it is approximately 2000 times more sensitive than agar gel diffusion and 200 times more sensitive than quantitative complement fixation. Australia antigen or antibody to Australia antigen was demonstrated in 22 of 23 single serum samples obtained from patients acutely ill with the long-incubation form of hepatitis; eight of the sera were negative when evaluated by less sensitive techniques.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Aach RD,Grisham JW,Parker CWdoi
10.1073/pnas.68.5.1056subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1971-05-01 00:00:00pages
1056-60issue
5eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Phylogenies describe the origins and history of species. However, they can also help to predict species' fates and so can be useful tools for managing the future of biodiversity. This article starts by sketching how phylogenetic, geographic, and trait information can be combined to elucidate present mammalian diversit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801917105
更新日期:2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::HLA-A and -B antigens are phosphorylated in transformed lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, both incubated with 32Pi. The phosphate group is attached to HLA-A and -B heavy chain (p44) as identified by immunoprecipitation with anti-beta2-microglobulin IgG, sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel el...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.12.6002
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identify a gene, organ boundary1 (OBO1), by its unique pattern of enhancer- driven GFP expression at the boundaries between the apical meristems and lateral organs in Arabidopsis embryos, seedlings, and mature plants. OBO1 also is expressed at the root apical meristem and in distinct cell files surrounding this are...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018542108
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rpoN gene encoding the transcription factor sigma54 in Myxococcus xanthus has been cloned using a heterologous rpoN probe. The sequence of the cross-hybridizing DNA confirmed the existence of an ORF 1518 bp long that encodes a well conserved member of the sigma54 family of sigma factors. Low- as well as high-strin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1979
更新日期:1997-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an all-electronic digital microfluidic device for microscale chemical synthesis in organic solvents, operated by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). As an example of the principles, we demonstrate the multistep synthesis of [(18)F]FDG, the most common radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PE...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117566109
更新日期:2012-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we address the problem of modeling generic features of structurally but not textually related DNA motifs, that is, motifs whose consensus sequences are entirely different but nevertheless share "metasequence features" reflecting similarities in the DNA-binding domains of their associated protein recog...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0403564101
更新日期:2004-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugative DNA transfer of the self-transmissible broad-host-range plasmid RP4 is initiated by strand- and site-specific cleavage at the nick site (nic) of the transfer origin (oriT). Cleavage results in covalent attachment of the plasmid-encoded relaxase (TraI) to the 5'-terminal 2'-deoxycytidine residue at nic. We ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2925
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have detected a proteolytic mechanism in chloroplasts that selectively and rapidly degrades the imported small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase when pools of the chloroplast-synthesized large subunit are depleted. This degradation system is constitutively present and appears to be responsible for pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2632
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of vertebrate eyes is still enigmatic. The "frontal eye" of amphioxus, our most primitive chordate relative, has long been recognized as a candidate precursor to the vertebrate eyes. However, the amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which display more...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1207580109
更新日期:2012-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher disease. A cDNA clone containing the entire human glucocerebrosidase coding region from normal cells has been isolated using lambda gt11 expression libraries. The complete nucleotide sequence, a restriction map, and a hydropathy profile are presented. Hybrid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.21.7289
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High titered IgE, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to the major antigenic determinant of penicillin, the benzylpenicilloyl hapten, were elicited by the intraperitoneal injection of the hapten coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin mixed with the appropriate adjuvant. However, treatment of such mice with the benzylpenicil...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.2091
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computers are organized into hardware and software. Using a theoretical approach to identify patterns in gene expression in a variety of species, organs, and cell types, we found that biological systems similarly are comprised of a relatively unchanging hardware-like gene pattern. Orthogonal patterns of software-like ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1200790109
更新日期:2012-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::During sporulation of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, transcription of genes encoding spore coat proteins in the mother-cell compartment of the sporangium is controlled by RNA polymerase containing the sigma subunit called sigma K. Based on comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of sigma K wit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9722
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goldfish (Carassius auratus) visual pathway displays continuous growth and plasticity throughout life. Since homeobox genes are important transcriptional regulators in development, we searched for homeobox genes in the adult goldfish retina and brain. Using the PCR, we discovered a repertoire of homeobox sequences...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2729
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV envelope (Env) protein mediates entry into cells by binding CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor, which triggers structural changes in Env that lead to fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The major HIV-1 coreceptors are the seven transmembrane domain chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. The type of co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.190274097
更新日期:2000-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed the distribution of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) aphid transmission factor (ATF), produced via a baculovirus recombinant, within Sf9 insect cells. Immunogold labeling revealed that the ATF colocalizes with an atypical cytoskeletal network. Detailed observation by electron microscopy demonstrated tha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15158
更新日期:1996-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Ca2+ is a powerful inhibitor (Ki is congruent to 16 muM) of basal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing); EC 4.6.1.1] activity in membranes obtained from homogenized human platelets. Ca2+ (but not the ionophore A23,187) decreased V(max) of the reaction without an ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.1829
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a membrane-associated member of the immunoglobulin superfamily capable of both homophilic and heterophilic binding. To investigate the significance of this binding, a gene targeting strategy in embryonic stem (ES) cells was used to replace the membrane-associated forms of NC...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6421
更新日期:1996-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces differentiation of M1 murine myeloid leukemia cells into mature granulocytes/macrophages and also causes accumulation of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We examined, therefore, whether synchronization of M1 cells in the G1 phase could affect G-CSF-indu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.12.4317
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferulic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and ellagic acids, four naturally occurring plant phenols, inhibit the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2), the only known ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.18.5513
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water autoionization reaction 2H2O --> H3O- + OH- is a textbook process of basic importance, resulting in pH = 7 for pure water. However, pH of pure water surface is shown to be significantly lower, the reduction being caused by proton stabilization at the surface. The evidence presented here includes ab initio and cl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611285104
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gradients of extracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors are used in a variety of developmental processes, including the patterning of the Drosophila embryo, the establishment of diverse neuronal cell types in the vertebrate neural tube, and the anterior-posterior patterning of vertebrate limbs. Here, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0806476105
更新日期:2008-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Sympatric speciation has been controversial since it was first proposed as a mode of speciation. Subterranean blind mole rats (Spalacidae) are considered to speciate allopatrically or peripatrically. Here, we report a possible incipient sympatric adaptive ecological speciation in Spalax galili (2n = 52). The study mic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1222588110
更新日期:2013-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Precise regulation of the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) ensures proper adaptation to variations in oxygen availability throughout development and into adulthood. Oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF stability and activity are mediated by hydroxylation of conserved proline and aspa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.202614999
更新日期:2002-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Food is a powerful entrainment cue for circadian clocks in peripheral tissues, and changes in the composition of nutrients have been demonstrated to metabolically reprogram peripheral clocks. However, how food challenges may influence circadian metabolism of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2016589117
更新日期:2020-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo biological activities of IgG antibodies result from their bifunctional nature, in which antigen recognition by the Fab is coupled to the effector and immunomodulatory diversity found in the Fc domain. This diversity, resulting from both amino acid and glycan heterogeneity, is translated into cellular respo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1203954109
更新日期:2012-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::A model of protein-ligand binding kinetics, in which slow solvent dynamics results from hydrophobic drying transitions, is investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that solvent in the receptor pocket can fluctuate between wet and dry states with lifetimes in each state that are long enough for the extraction ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1312529110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the mutagenic or lethal effects of ionization radiation can be attributed to damage caused to the DNA by low-energy electrons. To gain insight on the parameters affecting this process, we measured the low-energy electron (<2 eV) transmission yield through self-assembled monolayers of short DNA oligomers. The e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0407020102
更新日期:2005-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Chromophore-assisted light inactivation is a promising technique to inactivate selected proteins with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells, but its use has been limited because of the lack of a methodology to prevent nonspecific photodamage in the cell owing to reactive oxygen species generated by the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611717105
更新日期:2008-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical failure of soft tissues is characteristic of life-threatening diseases, including capillary stress failure, pulmonary emphysema, and vessel wall aneurysms. Failure occurs when mechanical forces are sufficiently high to rupture the enzymatically weakened extracellular matrix (ECM). Elastin, an important stru...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808414106
更新日期:2009-01-27 00:00:00