How the Dorsal gradient works: insights from postgenome technologies.

abstract：:Genomic mapping has been used to identify a region of the host genome that determines resistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine where no discrete, simply inherited resistance factors had been previously found by conventional genetic analysis over four decades. A resistance locus, behaving as a single domina...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilcox PL,Amerson HV,Kuhlman EG,Liu BH,O'Malley DM,Sederoff RR

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Equity is of fundamental concern in the quest for international cooperation to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations by the reduction of emissions. By modeling the carbon cycle, we estimate the global CO(2) emissions that would be required to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO(2) at levels ranging from 45...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bolin B,Kheshgi HS

更新日期：2001-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:αβ T-cell repertoire selection is mediated by peptide-MHC complexes presented by thymic epithelial or myeloid cells, and by lipid-CD1 complexes expressed by thymocytes. γδ T-cell repertoire selection, by contrast, is largely unresolved. Mice mutant for Skint-1, a unique Ig superfamily gene, do not develop canonical Vγ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbee SD,Woodward MJ,Turchinovich G,Mention JJ,Lewis JM,Boyden LM,Lifton RP,Tigelaar R,Hayday AC

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-related, activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a tumor necrosis factor family member, mediates survival of dendritic cells in the immune system and is required for osteoclast differentiation and activation in the skeleton. We report the skeletal phenotype of TRANCE-deficient mice and its rescue b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim N,Odgren PR,Kim DK,Marks SC Jr,Choi Y

更新日期：2000-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose, one of the most important nutrients for animals, acts as a regulatory signal that controls the secretion of hormones, such as insulin, by endocrine tissues. However, how organisms respond to extracellular glucose and how glucose controls nutrient homeostasis remain unknown. Here, we show that a putative Droso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kohyama-Koganeya A,Kim YJ,Miura M,Hirabayashi Y

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants can sense the direction of gravity and change the growth orientation of their organs. The molecular mechanisms of gravity sensing and signal transduction during gravitropism are not well known. We have isolated several shoot gravitropism (sgr) mutants of Arabidopsis. The sgr3-1 mutant exhibits a reduced gravitr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yano D,Sato M,Saito C,Sato MH,Morita MT,Tasaka M

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The HB-19 pseudopeptide 5[Kpsi(CH(2)N)PR]-TASP, psi(CH(2)N) for reduced peptide bond, is a specific inhibitor of HIV infection in different CD4(+) cell lines and in primary T-lymphocytes and macrophages. It blocks virus-particle attachment to permissive cells by binding and forming a stable complex with nucleolin expr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krust B,Vienet R,Cardona A,Rougeot C,Jacotot E,Callebaut C,Guichard G,Briand JP,Grognet JM,Hovanessian AG,Edelman L

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The respiratory burst oxidase of neutrophils can be activated in a cell-free system in which plasma membranes, cytosol, Mg2+, and a membrane-perturbing detergent, such as arachidonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, are all required. Using the technique of preparative isoelectric focusing, the cytosol factor required for o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Curnutte JT,Scott PJ,Mayo LA

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ovulation induces cyclic rupture and regenerative repair of the ovarian coelomic epithelium. This process of repeated disruption and repair accompanied by complex remodeling typifies a somatic stem/progenitor cell-mediated process. Using BrdU incorporation and doxycycline inducible histone2B-green fluorescent protein ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szotek PP,Chang HL,Brennand K,Fujino A,Pieretti-Vanmarcke R,Lo Celso C,Dombkowski D,Preffer F,Cohen KS,Teixeira J,Donahoe PK

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The solar system formed from interstellar dust and gas in a molecular cloud. Astronomical observations show that typical interstellar dust consists of amorphous (a-) silicate and organic carbon. Bona fide physical samples for laboratory studies would yield unprecedented insight about solar system formation, but they w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishii HA,Bradley JP,Bechtel HA,Brownlee DE,Bustillo KC,Ciston J,Cuzzi JN,Floss C,Joswiak DJ

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has emerged as a global challenge over the past 90 years, compromising our ability to effectively treat infections. There has been a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance-associated determinants in bacterial populations, driven by the mobility and infectious nature of such determ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klemm EJ,Wong VK,Dougan G

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Host-seeking behavior by parasitic nematodes relies heavily on chemical cues emanating from potential hosts. Nonspecific cues for Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode that infects humans and a few other mammals, include carbon dioxide and sodium chloride; however, the characteristic species specificity of this parasi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Safer D,Brenes M,Dunipace S,Schad G

更新日期：2007-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are causative for dominantly inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite high variability in biochemical properties among the disease-causing mutants, a proportion of both dismutase-active and -inactive mutants are stably bound to spinal cord mitochondria...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vande Velde C,Miller TM,Cashman NR,Cleveland DW

更新日期：2008-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The piriform cortex (PCX) is the largest component of the olfactory cortex and is hypothesized to be the locus of odor object formation. The distributed odorant representation found in PCX contrasts sharply with the topographical representation seen in other primary sensory cortices, making it difficult to test this v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen CF,Zou DJ,Altomare CG,Xu L,Greer CA,Firestein SJ

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins that recognize the core sequence GATA are important regulators of hematopoietic-specific gene transcription. We have characterized cDNAs encoding the Xenopus laevis homologues of three related transcription factors, designated GATA-1, -2, and -3. Comparative sequence analysis reveals strong conservation of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zon LI,Mather C,Burgess S,Bolce ME,Harland RM,Orkin SH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue-specific pattern of mRNA expression can indicate important clues about gene function. High-density oligonucleotide arrays offer the opportunity to examine patterns of gene expression on a genome scale. Toward this end, we have designed custom arrays that interrogate the expression of the vast majority of pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Su AI,Wiltshire T,Batalov S,Lapp H,Ching KA,Block D,Zhang J,Soden R,Hayakawa M,Kreiman G,Cooke MP,Walker JR,Hogenesch JB

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A minimalist Cys2His2 zinc finger peptide, Lys-Tyr-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala- Ala-His-Ala-Ala-Ala-His-Ala-Lys, has been synthesized. Metal binding studies using Co2+ as a probe indicated that this peptide forms a 1:1 peptide/metal complex with a dissociation constant comparable to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michael SF,Kilfoil VJ,Schmidt MH,Amann BT,Berg JM

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a sensory stimulus repeats, neuronal firing rate and functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent responses typically decline, yet perception and behavioral performance either stay constant or improve. An additional aspect of neuronal activity is neuronal synchronization, which can enhance the impact of neurons on...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brunet NM,Bosman CA,Vinck M,Roberts M,Oostenveld R,Desimone R,De Weerd P,Fries P

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the manner in which the sea urchin larva takes up calcium from its body cavity into the primary mesenchymal cells (PMCs) that are responsible for spicule formation. We used the membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye calcein and alexa-dextran, with or without a calcium channel inhibitor, and imaged the la...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vidavsky N,Addadi S,Schertel A,Ben-Ezra D,Shpigel M,Addadi L,Weiner S

更新日期：2016-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Trigger factor (TF), the first chaperone in eubacteria to encounter the emerging nascent chain, binds to the large ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the protein exit tunnel opening and forms a sheltered folding space. Here, we present the 3.5-A crystal structure of the physiological complex of the large ribosomal s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baram D,Pyetan E,Sittner A,Auerbach-Nevo T,Bashan A,Yonath A

更新日期：2005-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A family of peptide signaling molecules (AtPeps) and their plasma membrane receptor AtPepR1 are known to act in pathogen-defense signaling cascades in plants. Little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms that link these signaling peptides and their receptor, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, to d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qi Z,Verma R,Gehring C,Yamaguchi Y,Zhao Y,Ryan CA,Berkowitz GA

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Seemingly similar individuals often experience drastically different success trajectories, with some repeatedly failing and others consistently succeeding. One explanation is preexisting variability along unobserved fitness dimensions that is revealed gradually through differential achievement. Alternatively, positive...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van de Rijt A,Kang SM,Restivo M,Patil A

更新日期：2014-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli AlkB protein protects against the cytotoxicity of methylating agents by repair of the DNA lesions 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine, which are generated in single-stranded stretches of DNA. AlkB is an alpha-ketoglutarate- and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase that oxidizes the relevant methyl groups...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duncan T,Trewick SC,Koivisto P,Bates PA,Lindahl T,Sedgwick B

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of rare copy number variants (CNVs), including both deletions and duplications, have been associated with developmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Pathogenicity may derive from dosage sensitivity of one or more genes contained within the CNV locus. To un...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McLysaght A,Makino T,Grayton HM,Tropeano M,Mitchell KJ,Vassos E,Collier DA

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I is thought to balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget of photosynthesis, requiring that its rate be finely regulated. The mechanisms of this regulation are not well understood. We observed that mutants that exhibited constitutively high rates of CEF also showed elevated prod...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strand DD,Livingston AK,Satoh-Cruz M,Froehlich JE,Maurino VG,Kramer DM

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that supercoiling of a DNA trefoil, the simplest knotted ring, perturbs differently the spatial writhe of its two chiral forms. As a consequence, the negative-noded and positive-noded DNA trefoils can be resolved by gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the chirality of trefoils produced by cyclization of two linea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shaw SY,Wang JC

更新日期：1997-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from a human placenta cDNA library encoding extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) has been isolated and the nucleotide sequence determined. The cDNA has a very high G+C content. EC-SOD is synthesized with a putative 18-amino acid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hjalmarsson K,Marklund SL,Engström A,Edlund T

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinases are important mediators of much of the signal transduction that occurs in eukaryotic cells. Unfortunately, the identification of protein kinase substrates has proven to be a difficult task, and we generally know few, if any, of the physiologically relevant targets of any particular kinase. Here, we des...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Budovskaya YV,Stephan JS,Deminoff SJ,Herman PK

更新日期：2005-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) and β (PILRβ) belong to the PILR family and are related to innate immune regulation in various species. Despite their high sequence identity, PILRα and PILRβ are shown to have variant sialic acid (SA) binding avidities. To explore the molecular basis of this interac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu Q,Lu G,Qi J,Wang H,Xuan Y,Wang Q,Li Y,Zhang Y,Zheng C,Fan Z,Yan J,Gao GF

更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipid rafts are important signaling platforms in T cells. Little is known about their properties in human CD8(+) T cells. We studied polarization of lipid rafts by digital immunofluorescence microscopy in primary human T cells, using beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs (CD3/28 beads). Unlike CD4(+) T cells, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kovacs B,Maus MV,Riley JL,Derimanov GS,Koretzky GA,June CH,Finkel TH

更新日期：2002-11-12 00:00:00